【Tensorflow学习】之常用函数笔记

tf.contact()

数据连接

axis = 0，相当于增加样本数，第一个维度中数据变多

axis = 1，相当于增加第二个维度的特征数，第二个维度中数据变多

axis = 2，相当于增加第三个维度的特征数，第三个维度中数据变多

import tensorflow as tf
import numpy as np
t1 = [[1, 2, 3], [4, 5, 6]]
print(np.shape(np.array(t1)))
t2 = [[7, 8, 9], [10, 11, 12]]
print(tf.concat([t1, t2], 0))
  # [[1, 2, 3], [4, 5, 6], [7, 8, 9], [10, 11, 12]]
print(tf.concat([t1, t2], 1))
 # [[1, 2, 3, 7, 8, 9], [4, 5, 6, 10, 11, 12]]

t1 = [[[1, 2], [2, 3]], [[4, 4], [5, 3]]]
print(np.shape(np.array(t1)))
t2 = [[[7, 4], [8, 4]], [[2, 10], [15, 11]]]
print(tf.concat([t1, t2], 2))

'''
[[[1, 2, 7, 4],
  [2, 3, 8, 4]],

 [[4, 4, 2, 10],
  [5, 3, 15, 11]]]
'''

tf.stack(values, axis=0, name="stack")

tf.concat拼接的是除了拼接维度axis外其他维度的shape完全相同的张量，并且产生的张量的阶数不会发生变化，而tf.stack则会在新的张量阶上拼接，产生的张量的阶数将会增加

 

给出N个张量，并且每个张量的shape是(A, B, C)

如果axis == 0，则tf.stack的输出为(N, A, B, C)

如果axis == 1，则tf.stack的输出为(A, N, B, C)

原文是：

 Given a list of length `N` of tensors of shape `(A, B, C)`;

  if `axis == 0` then the `output` tensor will have the shape `(N, A, B, C)`.
  if `axis == 1` then the `output` tensor will have the shape `(A, N, B, C)`.

t1 = [[1, 2, 3], [4, 5, 6]]
print(np.shape(np.array(t1)))
t2 = [[7, 8, 9], [10, 11, 12]]

t3 = [[7, 8, 9], [10, 11, 12]]
sess = tf.Session()

print(sess.run(tf.concat([t1, t2, t3], 0)))
print(tf.concat([t1, t2, t3], 0))
print(sess.run(tf.stack([t1, t2, t3], axis=0)))
print(tf.stack([t1, t2, t3], axis=0))

而tf.unstack与tf.stack的操作相反，是将一个高阶数的张量在某个axis上分解为低阶数的张量

t1 = [[1, 2, 3], [4, 5, 6]]
print(np.shape(np.array(t1)))
t2 = [[7, 8, 9], [10, 11, 12]]

t3 = [[13, 14, 15], [16, 17, 18]]
sess = tf.Session()

print(sess.run(tf.concat([t1, t2, t3], 0)))
print(tf.concat([t1, t2, t3], 0))
stack = tf.stack([t1, t2, t3], axis=0)
print(sess.run(stack))
print(stack)

unstack = tf.unstack(stack)
print(unstack)
print(sess.run(unstack))
#[<tf.Tensor 'unstack:0' shape=(2, 3) dtype=int32>, <tf.Tensor 'unstack:1' shape=(2, 3) dtype=int32>, <tf.Tensor 'unstack:2' shape=(2, 3) dtype=int32>]

tf.gather()

类似于数组的索引，可以把向量中某些索引值提取出来，得到新的向量，适用于要提取的索引为不连续的情况。这个函数似乎只适合在一维的情况下使用。

import tensorflow as tf

a = tf.Variable([[1, 2, 3, 4, 5], [6, 7, 8, 9, 10], [11, 12, 13, 14, 15]])
index_a = tf.Variable([0, 2])

b = tf.Variable([0,1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9])
index_b = tf.Variable([2, 4, 6, 8])

with tf.Session() as sess:
    sess.run(tf.global_variables_initializer())
    print(sess.run(tf.gather(a, index_a)))
    print(sess.run(tf.gather(b, index_b)))
'''
[[ 1  2  3  4  5]
 [11 12 13 14 15]]
'''
'''
[2 4 6 8]
'''

tf.gather_nd(params, indices, name=None)

效果同上，只不过适用于多维数据，就是相当于indices（坐标点）是用来索引params的某个坐标点数据

 

import tensorflow as tf

a = tf.Variable([[0,1, 2, 3, 4], [5,6, 7, 8, 9]])
index_a = tf.Variable([[0, 2], [0, 4], [1, 1]])

with tf.Session() as sess:
    sess.run(tf.global_variables_initializer())
    print(sess.run(tf.gather_nd(a, index_a)))

#  [2 4 6]

 

tf.cast(x, dtype, name=None)

数据类型转换

a = tf.constant([0, 1, 2, 3], dtype='int32')
print(a)
#Tensor("Const:0", shape=(4,), dtype=int32)

b = tf.cast(a, 'float32')
print(b)
# Tensor("Cast:0", shape=(4,), dtype=float32)

tf.expand_dims(input, axis=None, name=None, dim=None)

增加张量的维度 

tf.squeeze(input, axis=None, name=None, squeeze_dims=None)

压缩张量的维度  

a = tf.constant([0, 1, 2, 3], dtype='int32')
print(a)
# Tensor("Const_1:0", shape=(4,), dtype=int32)

b = tf.expand_dims(a, 0)
print(b)
# Tensor("ExpandDims:0", shape=(1, 4), dtype=int32)

print(tf.squeeze(b, 0))
# Tensor("Squeeze:0", shape=(4,), dtype=int32)