Laplace transform解传热偏微分方程

Cooling of a Sphere in Contact with a Well-Stirred Fluid

A homogeneous solid sphere of radius R, initially a t a uniform temperature $T_1$, is suddenly immersed at time $t=0$ in a volume $V_f$ of well-stirred fluid of temperature $T_0$ in an insulated tank. It is desired to find the thermal diffusivity $\alpha_x=\dfrac{k_s}{\rho_s \hat C_{ps}}$ of the solid by observing the change of the fluid temperature $T_f$ with time. We use the following dimensionless variables
Dimensionless solid temperature:

$$\Theta_s(\xi,\tau)=\dfrac{T_1-T_s}{T_1-T_0} \tag{1}$$
Dimensionless fluid temperature:
$$\Theta_s(\xi,\tau)=\dfrac{T_1-T_s}{T_1-T_0} \tag{2}$$
Dimensionless radial coordinate:
$$\xi=\dfrac{r}{R} \tag{3}$$
Dimensionless time:
$$\tau=\dfrac{\alpha_st}{R^2} \tag{4}$$

Solution:

For the solid sphere,
Heat transfer equation

$$\dfrac{\partial \Theta_s}{\partial \tau}=\dfrac{1}{\xi^2} \dfrac{\partial}{\partial \xi} \left(\xi^2 \dfrac{\partial \Theta_s}{\partial \xi}\right) \tag{5}$$
Initial condition
At $\tau=0$, $\Theta_s=0$ $\tag{6}$
Boundary condition
At $\xi=1$, $\Theta_s=\Theta_f$ $\tag{7}$
At $\xi=0$, $\Theta_s=Finite$ $\tag{8}$

For the fluid,

$$\dfrac{d \Theta_f}{d \tau}=-\dfrac{3}{B}\dfrac{\partial \Theta_s}{\partial \xi} \bigg |_{\xi=1} \tag{9}$$
in which
$$B=\dfrac{\rho_f \hat C_{pf}V_f}{\rho_s \hat C_{ps} V_s}$$
Initial condition
At $\tau=0$, $\Theta_f=1$ $\tag{10}$

Laplace transformation

Laplace transform function

$$F (s)=\int_0^\infty f(t)e^{-st}dt \tag{11}$$

Apply Laplace transform on the left part of Eq.5

$$\begin{align*} \mathcal L \left \{\dfrac{\partial \Theta_s}{\partial \tau} \right\} &=\int_0^\infty \dfrac{\partial \Theta_s}{\partial \tau} e^{-s\tau}d\tau \\ &= \Theta_se^{-s\tau} \bigg |_0^\infty+s\int_0^\infty \Theta_s e^{-s\tau}d\tau\\ &=s\int_0^\infty \Theta_s e^{-s\tau}d\tau \tag{12}\\ \end{align*}$$
Define
$$\overline \Theta (s)=\int_0^\infty \Theta_s e^{-s\tau}d\tau \tag{13}$$
we can get
$$\mathcal L \left \{\dfrac{\partial \Theta_s}{\partial \tau} \right\}=s\overline \Theta (s) \tag{14}$$
Apply Laplace transform on the right part of Eq.5
$$\begin{align*} \mathcal L \left (\dfrac{1}{\xi^2} \dfrac{\partial}{\partial \xi} \left(\xi^2 \dfrac{\partial \Theta_s}{\partial \xi}\right) \right) &=\int_0^\infty \dfrac{1}{\xi^2} \dfrac{\partial}{\partial \xi} \left(\xi^2 \dfrac{\partial \Theta_s}{\partial \xi}\right) e^{-s\tau}d\tau \\ &=\dfrac{1}{\xi^2} \int_0^\infty \dfrac{\partial}{\partial \xi} \left(\xi^2 \dfrac{\partial \Theta_s}{\partial \xi}\right) e^{-s\tau}d\tau \\ &=\dfrac{1}{\xi^2} \dfrac{d}{d\xi} \left (\xi^2 \int_0^\infty \dfrac{d \Theta_s}{d \xi} e^{-s\tau}d\tau \right)\\ &=\dfrac{1}{\xi^2} \dfrac{d}{d\xi} \left (\xi^2 \dfrac{d}{d\xi}\int_0^\infty \Theta_s e^{-s\tau}d\tau \right)\\ &=\dfrac{1}{\xi^2} \dfrac{d}{d\xi} \left (\xi^2 \dfrac{d}{d\xi}\overline \Theta (s) \right) \tag{15} \end{align*}$$
Hence,the equation 5 becomes the format
$$s\overline \Theta (s)=\dfrac{1}{\xi^2} \dfrac{d}{d\xi} \left (\xi^2 \dfrac{d}{d\xi}\overline \Theta (s) \right) \tag{16}$$

Also, apply Laplace on the boundary conditions. They are

At $\xi=1$, $\overline \Theta_s=\overline \Theta_f$ $\tag{17}$
At $\xi=0$, $\overline \Theta_s=Finite$ $\tag{18}$
The same scenario for Eq.9, its Laplacian form is

$$s\overline \Theta_f -1=-\dfrac{3}{B}\dfrac{d \overline \Theta_s}{d \xi} \bigg |_{\xi=1} \tag{19}$$
Here $s$ is the transform variable.
The general solution of Eq.16 is
$$\overline \Theta_s=\dfrac {C_1}{\xi} \sinh \sqrt{s}\xi+\dfrac {C_2}{\xi} \cosh \sqrt{s}\xi \tag{20}$$
Substitution of boundary conditions into Eq. 20 gives $C_2=0$.
$$\overline \Theta_s=\dfrac {C_1}{\xi} \sinh \sqrt s \xi \tag{21}$$
Substitution of Eq.(21) into Eq.(19) to solve $\overline \Theta_f$,
$$\overline \Theta_f=\dfrac{1}{s}+3\dfrac{C_1}{Bs} \left(\sinh \sqrt{s}-\sqrt s cosh \sqrt s\right) \tag{22}$$
Using the boundary condition Eq.(17) to solve $C_1$, it gives
$$C_1=\dfrac{1/s}{\sinh \sqrt s-\dfrac{3}{Bs}(\sinh \sqrt s -\sqrt s \cosh \sqrt s)} \tag{23}$$
Plug Eq.(23) into Eq.(22),
$$\begin{align*} \overline \Theta_f &=\dfrac{1}{s}+3\dfrac{\dfrac{1/s}{\sinh \sqrt s-\dfrac{3}{Bs}(\sinh \sqrt s -\sqrt s \cosh \sqrt s)}}{Bs} \left(\sinh \sqrt{s}-\sqrt s cosh \sqrt s\right) \\ &=\dfrac{1}{s}+3\dfrac{1/s (\sinh \sqrt{s}-\sqrt s cosh \sqrt s) }{Bs \sinh \sqrt s-3\sinh \sqrt s+3\sqrt s \cosh \sqrt s} \\ &=\dfrac{1}{s}+3\dfrac{1/s(\tanh \sqrt s-\sqrt s)}{(Bs-3) \tanh \sqrt s+3\sqrt s} \\ &=\dfrac{1}{s}+3\dfrac{(1/ \sqrt s)\tanh \sqrt s-1}{(Bs-3) \sqrt s \tanh \sqrt s+3 s} \tag{24}\\ \end{align*}$$
finally
$$\overline \Theta_f =\dfrac{1}{s}+3\dfrac{(1/ \sqrt s)\tanh \sqrt s-1}{(Bs-3) \sqrt s \tanh \sqrt s+3 s} \tag{25}$$
Apply inverse Laplace transform on Eq(28)
$$\mathcal L^{-1} \left \{\overline \Theta_f \right \}=\mathcal L^{-1} \left \{\dfrac{1}{s} \right \}+3 \mathcal L^{-1} \left \{\dfrac{(1/ \sqrt s)\tanh \sqrt s-1}{(Bs-3) \sqrt s \tanh \sqrt s+3 s} \right \} \tag{26}$$
to get
$$\Theta_f=1+\mathcal L^{-1} \left \{ \dfrac{N(s)}{D(s)} \right \} \tag{27}$$
where
$$\dfrac{N(0)}{D'(0)}=\dfrac{1/3}{1+B} \tag{28}$$
$$\dfrac{N(s_k)}{D'(s_k)}=\dfrac{2B}{9(1+B)+B^2b_k^2} \tag{29}$$
where
$$b_k=\dfrac{3b_k}{3+Bb_k^2} \tag{30}$$
Hence, the solution will be obtained as
$$\Theta_f=\dfrac{B}{1+B}+6B\sum_{k=1}^{\infty} \dfrac{\exp{(-b_k^2 \tau)}}{9(1+B)+B^2b_k^2} = 1 \tag{31}$$

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1.
$\dfrac{1}{x^2}\dfrac{d}{dx}\left(x^2 \dfrac{dy}{dx}-a^2y\right)=0 \tag{1}$
Solution:
$y=\dfrac {C_1}{x} \sinh ax +\dfrac {C_2}{x} \cosh ax \tag{2}$