C++ primer plus chapter 6 (分支语句与逻辑运算符)

if语句——if和if else

#include <iostream>

using namespace std;

int main(void)
{
	int spaces = 0;
	int total = 0;
	char ch;

	cin.get(ch);
	while(ch != '.')
	{
		if(ch == ' ')
			++spaces;
		++total;
		cin.get(ch);
	}

	cout << "spaces = " << spaces << endl;
	cout << "total characters = " << total << endl;

	return 0;
}

#include <iostream>

using namespace std;

int main(void)
{
	char ch;

	cin.get(ch);
	while(ch != '.')
	{
		if(ch == '\n')
			cout << ch;
		else
			cout << ++ch;  //cout << ch + 1

		cin.get(ch);
	}

	cout << endl;
	cout << "Please  excuse the slight confusion." << endl;

	return 0;
}

if_else if_else  (注意ch++和ch+1的区别，后者会被整型提升)

#include <iostream>

using namespace std;

const int Fave = 27;

int main(void)
{
	int n;

	cout << "Enter a number in the range 1~100 to find your favorite number:";
	do
	{
		cin >> n;
		if(n < Fave)
			cout << "Too low, guess again:";
		else if(n > Fave)
			cout << "Too high, guess again:";
		else
			cout << Fave << " is the right number." << endl; 
	}while(n != Fave);

	return 0;
}

 逻辑表达式

或运算优先级低于关系运算符 ||运算符是个顺序点 先左后右 如果左侧表达式为真则右侧表达式不会被执行

#include <iostream>

using namespace std;

int main(void)
{
	cout << "This program may reformat your hard disk, and destory all your data." << endl;
	cout << "Do you wish to contunue? <y/n>" << endl;

	char ch;
	cin >> ch;

	if(ch == 'y' || ch == 'Y')
		cout << "You were wanrned!" << endl;
	else if(ch == 'n' || ch == 'N')
		cout << "A wise choice ...." << endl;
	else
		cout << "That's wasn't a y or n!, Can't follow your instruction!" << endl;

	return 0;
}

与运算优先级低于关系运算符 &&运算符是个顺序点 先左后右 如果左侧表达式为假则右侧表达式不会被执行

#include <iostream>

using namespace std;

const int ArSize = 6;

int main(void)
{
	float value[ArSize];
	float temp;
	int i = 0;

	cout << "Enter six numbers and compare with your level." << endl;
	cout << "Terminate condition, when you make 6 number or enter a nagative number" << endl;

	cout << "First value:";
	cin >> temp;

	while(i < ArSize && temp >= 0)
	{
		value[i] = temp;
		++i;
		if(i < ArSize)
		{
			cout << "Next value:";
			cin >> temp;
		}
	}

	if(i == 0)
		cout << "No data--byte." << endl;
	else
	{
		cout << "Enter your level:";
		float level;
		cin >> level;
		int count = 0;
		for(int j = 0; j < i; j++)
		{
			if(value[j] > level)
				count++;
		}

		cout << count << " numbers are bigger than your level" << endl;
	}

	return 0;
}

#include <iostream>

using namespace std;

const char *qualify[5] = 
{
	"Perfect",
	"Great",
	"Good",
	"Just so so",
	"failed"
};

int main(void)
{
	int score, index;

	cout << "Enter your score:";
	cin >> score;

	if(score >= 90 && score <= 100)
		index = 0;
	else if(score >= 80 && score < 90)
		index = 1;
	else if(score >= 70 && score < 80)
		index = 2;
	else if(score >= 60 && score < 70)
		index = 3;
	else
		index = 4;

	cout << "You qualify: " << qualify[index] << endl;

	return 0;
}

逻辑 ！运算 ！运算符优先级高于所有关系运算符和算数运算符

#include <iostream>
#include <climits>

using namespace std;

bool is_int(double x);

int main(void)
{
	double number;
	
	cout << "Enter an integer value:";
	cin >> number;

	while(!is_int(number))
	{
		cout << "Out of range, please enter again:";
		cin >> number;
	}

	int value = (int)number;
	cout << "You've entered an integer: " << value << endl;

	return 0;
}

bool is_int(double x)
{
	if(x <= INT_MAX && x >= INT_MIN)
		return true;
	else
		return false;
}

ctype库函数

#include <iostream>
#include <cctype>

using namespace std;

int main(void)
{
	int whitespace = 0;
	int digits = 0;
	int chars = 0;
	int punct = 0;
	int others = 0;

	char ch;

	cout << "Enter text for analysis, and type @ to terminate the input." << endl;

	cin.get(ch);

	while(ch != '@')
	{
		if(isalpha(ch))
			chars++;
		else if(isspace(ch))
			whitespace++;
		else if(isdigit(ch))
			digits++;
		else if(ispunct(ch))
			punct++;
		else
			others++;
		cin.get(ch);
	}

	cout << chars << " letters, " << whitespace << " whitespaces, " << digits << " digits, " << punct << " punctuations, " << others << " others." << endl;

	return 0;
}

？：运算符

#include <iostream>

using namespace std;

int main(void)
{
	int a, b;
	int c;

	cout << "Enter two ingtegers:";
	cin >> a >> b;

	c = a > b ? a : b;

	cout << "The larger of " << a << " and " << b << " is " << c << endl;

	return 0;
}

switch语句

#include <iostream>

using namespace std;

void showmenu(void);
void report(void);
void comfort(void);

int main(void)
{
	showmenu();

	int choice;

	cin >> choice;
	while(choice != 5)
	{
		switch(choice)
		{
			case 1: cout << "Warning!!!" << endl;
				break;
			case 2: report();
				break;
			case 3: cout << "The boss was in all day." << endl;
				break;
			case 4: comfort();
				break;
			default: cout << "That is not a choice." << endl;
		}
		showmenu();
		cin >> choice;
	}

	return 0;
}

void showmenu(void)
{
	cout << "Please enter 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 as your choice:" << endl;
	cout << "1) alarm	2) report" << endl;
	cout << "3) alibi	4) comfort" << endl;
	cout << "5) quit" << endl;
}

void report(void)
{
	cout << "Sales are up 120%. Expenses are down 35%." << endl; 
}

void comfort(void)
{
	cout << "You are the best CEO!" << endl;
}

用枚举量作为标签

#include <iostream>

using namespace std;

enum {red, orange, yellow, green, blue, violet, indigo};

int main(void)
{
	int code;

	cout << "Enter color code (0~6):";
	cin >> code;
	
	while(code >= red && code <= indigo)
	{
		switch(code)
		{
			case red: cout << "You choose red!"<< endl; break;
			case orange: cout << "You choose orange!" << endl; break;
			case yellow: cout << "You choose yellow!" << endl; break;
			case green: cout << "You choose green!" << endl; break;
			case blue: cout << "You choose blue!" << endl; break;
			case violet: cout << "You choose violet!" << endl; break;
			case indigo: cout << "You choose indigo!" << endl; break;
		}
		cout << "Enter color code (0~6):";
		cin >> code;
	}

	cout << "Bye!" << endl;

	return 0;
}

 break和continue

#include <iostream>

using namespace std;

const int ArSize = 80;

int main(void)
{
	char line[ArSize];
	int spaces = 0;

	cout << "Enter a line of text:" << endl;
	cin.get(line, ArSize);

	cout << "Complete line:" << line << endl;

	for(int i = 0; line[i] != '\0'; i++)
	{
		cout << line[i];

		if(line[i] == '.')
			break;

		if(line[i] != ' ')
			continue;
		spaces++;
	}

	cout << endl;
	cout << "Spaces = " << spaces << endl;

	return 0;
}

#include <iostream>

using namespace std;

int main(void)
{
	int num1, num2;

	cout << "First number:";
	cin >> num1;

	cin.clear();  //reset input
	while(cin.get() != '\n');   //get rid of bad input

	cout << "Last number:";
	cin >> num2;

	cout << "num1 = " << num1 << ", num2 = " << num2 << endl;

	return 0;
}

#include <iostream>

using namespace std;

const int Max = 5;

int main(void)
{
	double fish[Max];

	cout << "Please enter the weight of your fish:" << endl;
	cout << "You may enter up to " << Max << " fish <q> to terminate." << endl;

	cout << "fish #1:";
	int i = 0;

	while(i < Max && cin >> fish[i])
	{
		if(++i < Max)
			cout << "fish #" << i+1 << ":";
	}

	double total = 0.0;
	for(int j = 0; j < i; j++)
		total += fish[j];

	cout << "total = " << total << endl;

	if(i == 0)
		cout << "No fish" << endl;
	else
		cout << "Average weight of " << i << " fish: " << total / i << endl;

	return 0;
}

#include <iostream>

using namespace std;

const int Max = 5;

int main(void)
{
	int golf[Max];

	cout << "Please enter your golf scores." << endl;
	cout << "You must enter " << Max << " rounds." << endl;

	int i;
	for(i = 0; i < Max; i++)
	{
		cout << "Round #" << i + 1 << ": " << endl;
		while(!(cin >> golf[i]))
		{
			cin.clear();
			while(cin.get() != '\n');
			cout << "Please enter a number:";
		}
	}

	double total = 0.0;
	for(i = 0; i < Max; i++)
		total += golf[i];

	cout << "Average score: " << total / Max << "." << endl;

	return 0;
}

简单文件输入输出

写文本

#include <iostream>  //ostream->cout   istream->cin
#include <fstream>   //1. include <fstream>     //ofstream        ifstream

using namespace std;

int main(void)
{
	char automobile[50];
	int year;
	double a_price;
	double d_price;

	ofstream outFile;   //2.create object of output file stream(ofstream)
	outFile.open("carinfo.txt");           //3.associate with a file

	cout << "Enter the make and model of automobile:";
	cin.getline(automobile, 50); 
	cout << "Enter the model year:";
	cin >> year;
	cout << "Enter the orignal asking price:";
	cin >> a_price;
	d_price = a_price * 0.913;

	//show on screen   
	cout << fixed;
	cout.precision(2);
	cout.setf(ios_base::showpoint);
	cout << "Make and model: " << automobile << endl;
	cout << "Year: " << year << endl;
	cout << "Was asking: " << a_price << endl;
	cout << "Now asking: " << d_price << endl; 
	
	//write to carinfo.txt
	outFile << fixed;
	outFile.precision(2);
	outFile.setf(ios_base::showpoint);
	outFile << "Make and model: " << automobile << endl;
	outFile << "Year: " << year << endl;
	outFile << "Was asking: " << a_price << endl;
	outFile << "Now asking: " << d_price << endl; 	

	outFile.close();

	return 0;
}

读文本

#include <iostream>
#include <fstream>
#include <cstdlib>

using namespace std;

const int SIZE	= 60;

int main(void)
{
	char filename[SIZE];
	ifstream inFile;

	cout << "Enter name of data file:";
	cin.getline(filename, SIZE);

	inFile.open(filename);
	if(!inFile.is_open())
	{
		cout << "Could not open the file " << filename << endl;
		cout << "Program terminating." << endl;
		exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
	}
	cout << "Suceess open the txt file." << endl;

	double value;
	double sum = 0.0;
	int count = 0;

	inFile >> value;
	while(inFile.good())
	{
		++count;
		sum += value;
		inFile >> value;
	}

	if(inFile.eof())
		cout << "End of file reached." << endl;
	else if(inFile.fail())
		cout << "Input terminated by data mismachted." << endl;
	else
		cout << "Input terminated by unkonw reason." << endl;

	if(count == 0)
		cout << "No data processed." << endl;
	else
	{
		cout << "Items read: " << count << endl;
		cout << "Sum: " << sum << endl;
		cout << "Average: " << sum / count << endl;
	}

	inFile.close();

	return 0;
}