JAVA基础一大堆0804反射+注解

反射

例1

public class Person {
    public  void sleep(){
        System.out.println("人睡觉");
    }
}

public class Student extends Person{
    @Override
    public void sleep() {
    System.out.println("学生睡觉");
    }
}

public class Teacher extends Person{
    @Override
    public void sleep() {
        System.out.println("老师睡觉");
    }
}


public class Worker extends Person{
    @Override
    public void sleep() {
        System.out.println("工人睡觉");
    }
}


import java.io.FileInputStream;
import java.io.FileNotFoundException;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.Properties;

public class Factory {
    public static Person creatPerson(){
        Person person=null;                     //定义要返回的变量
        Properties p=new Properties();          //创建一个带有指定默认值的空属性列表
        try {
            p.load(new FileInputStream("config.properties"));//从输入流中读取属性列表（键和元素对).
            String clazzName=p.getProperty("vocation");//用指定的键在此属性列表中搜索属性
            Class clazz=Class.forName(clazzName);//返回与带有给定字符串名的类或接口相关联的 Class 对象
            person=(Person) clazz.newInstance();//newInstance创建此 Class 对象所表示的类的一个新实例
        } catch (FileNotFoundException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } catch (ClassNotFoundException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } catch (InstantiationException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } catch (IllegalAccessException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        return person;
    }
}

public class FactoryTest {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Person person=Factory.creatPerson();
        person.sleep();
    }
}

config.properties文件：vocation=com.lingzhuo.reflect.Teacher

config.properties文件：vocation=com.lingzhuo.reflect.Worker

例2

public class Student {
    private int age;
    public String name;
    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }
    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }
    public int getAge() {
        return age;
    }
}

import java.lang.reflect.Field;

public class RelfectTest {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Class<Student> clazz=Student.class;//就是由已有的类产生他的抽象类，Class<Student>即Student的抽象类
//      Field[] fields=clazz.getFields();//以数组形式返回所有公共属性，注意是公共属性（public）
        Field[] fields=clazz.getDeclaredFields();//以数组形式返回所有的属性
        for (Field field : fields) {
            System.out.println(field.getName());//返回的属性名称
            System.out.println(field.getType().getName());//返回属性的类型名称
            System.out.println(field.getModifiers());//返回属性修饰符的整数表示形势
        }

        Student zhangsan=new Student();
        try {
            Field age = clazz.getDeclaredField("age");//得到指定名称的属性age
            age.setAccessible(true);                //取消java访问修饰符检查
            age.set(zhangsan, 18);                  //将对象zhangsan的age属性值更改为18
            age.setAccessible(false);               //恢复检查
            System.out.println(zhangsan.getAge());  //输出age值
        } catch (NoSuchFieldException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } catch (SecurityException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } catch (IllegalArgumentException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } catch (IllegalAccessException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }       
    }
}

注解

例1

import java.lang.reflect.Field;

public class Student {
    @StudentAnnotation(18)
    private int age;
    public Student(){
        //反射
        Class clazz=Student.class;//得到student类的Class的对象
        try {
            Field field=clazz.getDeclaredField("age");//得到age属性
            StudentAnnotation sa=field.getAnnotation(StudentAnnotation.class);
            //得到age属性的StudentAnnotation注解，如果没有返回null
            if(sa!=null){
                int i=sa.value();//获得属性的默认值
                field.setAccessible(true);//设置为不检查属性的访问修饰符
                field.set(this, i);//this指的是Student的对象
                //将Student的对象的age属性修改为i
                field.setAccessible(false);//设置属性的访问修饰符检查
            }

        } catch (NoSuchFieldException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } catch (SecurityException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } catch (IllegalArgumentException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } catch (IllegalAccessException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
    public String clazz;
    public String name;
    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }
    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }
    public int getAge() {
        return age;
    }
}

import java.lang.annotation.ElementType;
import java.lang.annotation.Retention;
import java.lang.annotation.RetentionPolicy;
import java.lang.annotation.Target;

@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)//此范围内的注解可以执行
@Target(ElementType.FIELD)//表示此注解只能用到属性上
public @interface StudentAnnotation {
    int value();//表明此注解可以注解一个int值
}

public class Test {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Student zhangsan=new Student();
        System.out.println(zhangsan.getAge());
    }
}

例2

import java.lang.reflect.Field;

public class Clazz {
    @TeacherAnnotation(age=20,name="张三")
    private Teacher javaTeacher;
    @TeacherAnnotation(age=22,name="李四")
    private Teacher englishTeacher;
    @TeacherAnnotation(name="王五")
    private Teacher mathTeacher;
    private int clazzNum;
    private String name;

    public Clazz(){
        Class clazz=Clazz.class;
        Field[] fields=clazz.getDeclaredFields();
        //得到clazz所有的属性
        for(Field field:fields){
            TeacherAnnotation ta=field.getAnnotation(TeacherAnnotation.class);
            //得到TeacherAnnotation注解，如果没有返回null
            if(ta==null){
                continue;//如果为null跳出
            }else{
                int age=ta.age();//得到该注解的age值，如果没有使用默认值
                String name=ta.name();//得到该注解的name值
                Teacher teacher=new Teacher();
                teacher.setAge(age);
                teacher.setName(name);//根据注解的值创建新的对象
                field.setAccessible(true);//设置为不检查属性的访问修饰符
                try {
                    field.set(this,teacher);//将这个teacher对象赋值给此班级对象的该属性
                } catch (IllegalArgumentException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                } catch (IllegalAccessException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
                field.setAccessible(false);
            }
        }
    }
    public Teacher getJavaTeacher() {
        return javaTeacher;
    }
    public void setJavaTeacher(Teacher javaTeacher) {
        this.javaTeacher = javaTeacher;
    }
    public Teacher getEnglishTeacher() {
        return englishTeacher;
    }
    public void setEnglishTeacher(Teacher englishTeacher) {
        this.englishTeacher = englishTeacher;
    }
    public Teacher getMathTeacher() {
        return mathTeacher;
    }
    public void setMathTeacher(Teacher mathTeacher) {
        this.mathTeacher = mathTeacher;
    }
    public int getClazzNum() {
        return clazzNum;
    }
    public void setClazzNum(int clazzNum) {
        this.clazzNum = clazzNum;
    }
    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }
    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }
}

public class Teacher {
    private int age;
    private String name;
    public int getAge() {
        return age;
    }
    public void setAge(int age) {
        this.age = age;
    }
    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }
    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }
}

import java.lang.annotation.ElementType;
import java.lang.annotation.Retention;
import java.lang.annotation.RetentionPolicy;
import java.lang.annotation.Target;

@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
@Target(ElementType.FIELD)
public @interface TeacherAnnotation {
    int age() default 19;//如果age在注解中没有声明则使用默认default值
    String name();
}

public class Test {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Clazz clazz=new Clazz();
        System.out.println(clazz.getEnglishTeacher().getName()+clazz.getEnglishTeacher().getAge());
        System.out.println(clazz.getMathTeacher().getName()+clazz.getMathTeacher().getAge());
    }
}