RepViT简介
轻量级模型研究一直是计算机视觉任务中的一个焦点，其目标是在降低计算成本的同时达到优秀的性能。轻量级模型与资源受限的移动设备尤其相关，使得视觉模型的边缘部署成为可能。在过去十年中，研究人员主要关注轻量级卷积神经网络（CNNs）的设计，提出了许多高效的设计原则，包括可分离卷积 [2] 、逆瓶颈结构 [3] 、通道打乱 [4] 和结构重参数化 [5] 等，产生了 MobileNets [2, 3]，ShuffleNets [4] 和 RepVGG [5] 等代表性模型。
另一方面，视觉 Transformers（ViTs）成为学习视觉表征的另一种高效方案。与 CNNs 相比，ViTs 在各种计算机视觉任务中表现出了更优越的性能。然而，ViT 模型一般尺寸很大，延迟很高，不适合资源受限的移动设备。因此，研究人员开始探索 ViT 的轻量级设计。许多高效的ViTs设计原则被提出，大大提高了移动设备上 ViTs 的计算效率，产生了EfficientFormers [6] ，MobileViTs [7] 等代表性模型。这些轻量级 ViTs 在移动设备上展现出了相比 CNNs 的更强的性能和更低的延迟。
轻量级 ViTs 优于轻量级 CNNs 的原因通常归结于多头注意力模块，该模块使模型能够学习全局表征。然而，轻量级 ViTs 和轻量级 CNNs 在块结构、宏观和微观架构设计方面存在值得注意的差异，但这些差异尚未得到充分研究。这自然引出了一个问题：轻量级 ViTs 的架构选择能否提高轻量级 CNN 的性能？在这项工作中，我们结合轻量级 ViTs 的架构选择，重新审视了轻量级 CNNs 的设计。我们的旨在缩小轻量级 CNNs 与轻量级 ViTs 之间的差距，并强调前者与后者相比在移动设备上的应用潜力。
原文地址：RepViT: Revisiting Mobile CNN From ViT Perspective
RepViT代码实现
import torch.nn as nn
import numpy as np
from timm.models.layers import SqueezeExcite
import torch
__all__ = ['repvit_m1', 'repvit_m2', 'repvit_m3']
def replace_batchnorm(net):
for child_name, child in net.named_children():
if hasattr(child, 'fuse_self'):
fused = child.fuse_self()
setattr(net, child_name, fused)
replace_batchnorm(fused)
elif isinstance(child, torch.nn.BatchNorm2d):
setattr(net, child_name, torch.nn.Identity())
else:
replace_batchnorm(child)
def _make_divisible(v, divisor, min_value=None):
"""
This function is taken from the original tf repo.
It ensures that all layers have a channel number that is divisible by 8
It can be seen here:
https://github.com/tensorflow/models/blob/master/research/slim/nets/mobilenet/mobilenet.py
:param v:
:param divisor:
:param min_value:
:return:
"""
if min_value is None:
min_value = divisor
new_v = max(min_value, int(v + divisor / 2) // divisor * divisor)
# Make sure that round down does not go down by more than 10%.
if new_v < 0.9 * v:
new_v += divisor
return new_v
class Conv2d_BN(torch.nn.Sequential):
def __init__(self, a, b, ks=1, stride=1, pad=0, dilation=1,
groups=1, bn_weight_init=1, resolution=-10000):
super().__init__()
self.add_module('c', torch.nn.Conv2d(
a, b, ks, stride, pad, dilation, groups, bias=False))
self.add_module('bn', torch.nn.BatchNorm2d(b))
torch.nn.init.constant_(self.bn.weight, bn_weight_init)
torch.nn.init.constant_(self.bn.bias, 0)
@torch.no_grad()
def fuse_self(self):
c, bn = self._modules.values()
w = bn.weight / (bn.running_var + bn.eps)**0.5
w = c.weight * w[:, None, None, None]
b = bn.bias - bn.running_mean * bn.weight / \
(bn.running_var + bn.eps)**0.5
m = torch.nn.Conv2d(w.size(1) * self.c.groups, w.size(
0), w.shape[2:], stride=self.c.stride, padding=self.c.padding, dilation=self.c.dilation, groups=self.c.groups,
device=c.weight.device)
m.weight.data.copy_(w)
m.bias.data.copy_(b)
return m
class Residual(torch.nn.Module):
def __init__(self, m, drop=0.):
super().__init__()
self.m = m
self.drop = drop
def forward(self, x):
if self.training and self.drop > 0:
return x + self.m(x) * torch.rand(x.size(0), 1, 1, 1,
device=x.device).ge_(self.drop).div(1 - self.drop).detach()
else:
return x + self.m(x)
@torch.no_grad()
def fuse_self(self):
if isinstance(self.m, Conv2d_BN):
m = self.m.fuse_self()
assert(m.groups == m.in_channels)
identity = torch.ones(m.weight.shape[0], m.weight.shape[1], 1, 1)
identity = torch.nn.functional.pad(identity, [1,1,1,1])
m.weight += identity.to(m.weight.device)
return m
elif isinstance(self.m, torch.nn.Conv2d):
m = self.m
assert(m.groups != m.in_channels)
identity = torch.ones(m.weight.shape[0], m.weight.shape[1], 1, 1)
identity = torch.nn.functional.pad(identity, [1,1,1,1])
m.weight += identity.to(m.weight.device)
return m
else:
return self
class RepVGGDW(torch.nn.Module):
def __init__(self, ed) -> None:
super().__init__()
self.conv = Conv2d_BN(ed, ed, 3, 1, 1, groups=ed)
self.conv1 = Conv2d_BN(ed, ed, 1, 1, 0, groups=ed)
self.dim = ed
def forward(self, x):
return self.conv(x) + self.conv1(x) + x
@torch.no_grad()
def fuse_self(self):
conv = self.conv.fuse_self()
conv1 = self.conv1.fuse_self()
conv_w = conv.weight
conv_b = conv.bias
conv1_w = conv1.weight
conv1_b = conv1.bias
conv1_w = torch.nn.functional.pad(conv1_w, [1,1,1,1])
identity = torch.nn.functional.pad(torch.ones(conv1_w.shape[0], conv1_w.shape[1], 1, 1, device=conv1_w.device), [1,1,1,1])
final_conv_w = conv_w + conv1_w + identity
final_conv_b = conv_b + conv1_b
conv.weight.data.copy_(final_conv_w)
conv.bias.data.copy_(final_conv_b)
return conv
class RepViTBlock(nn.Module):
def __init__(self, inp, hidden_dim, oup, kernel_size, stride, use_se, use_hs):
super(RepViTBlock, self).__init__()
assert stride in [1, 2]
self.identity = stride == 1 and inp == oup
assert(hidden_dim == 2 * inp)
if stride == 2:
self.token_mixer = nn.Sequential(
Conv2d_BN(inp, inp, kernel_size, stride, (kernel_size - 1) // 2, groups=inp),
SqueezeExcite(inp, 0.25) if use_se else nn.Identity(),
Conv2d_BN(inp, oup, ks=1, stride=1, pad=0)
)
self.channel_mixer = Residual(nn.Sequential(
# pw
Conv2d_BN(oup, 2 * oup, 1, 1, 0),
nn.GELU() if use_hs else nn.GELU(),
# pw-linear
Conv2d_BN(2 * oup, oup, 1, 1, 0, bn_weight_init=0),
))
else:
assert(self.identity)
self.token_mixer = nn.Sequential(
RepVGGDW(inp),
SqueezeExcite(inp, 0.25) if use_se else nn.Identity(),
)
self.channel_mixer = Residual(nn.Sequential(
# pw
Conv2d_BN(inp, hidden_dim, 1, 1, 0),
nn.GELU() if use_hs else nn.GELU(),
# pw-linear
Conv2d_BN(hidden_dim, oup, 1, 1, 0, bn_weight_init=0),
))
def forward(self, x):
return self.channel_mixer(self.token_mixer(x))
class RepViT(nn.Module):
def __init__(self, cfgs):
super(RepViT, self).__init__()
# setting of inverted residual blocks
self.cfgs = cfgs
# building first layer
input_channel = self.cfgs[0][2]
patch_embed = torch.nn.Sequential(Conv2d_BN(3, input_channel // 2, 3, 2, 1), torch.nn.GELU(),
Conv2d_BN(input_channel // 2, input_channel, 3, 2, 1))
layers = [patch_embed]
# building inverted residual blocks
block = RepViTBlock
for k, t, c, use_se, use_hs, s in self.cfgs:
output_channel = _make_divisible(c, 8)
exp_size = _make_divisible(input_channel * t, 8)
layers.append(block(input_channel, exp_size, output_channel, k, s, use_se, use_hs))
input_channel = output_channel
self.features = nn.ModuleList(layers)
self.channel = [i.size(1) for i in self.forward(torch.randn(1, 3, 640, 640))]
def forward(self, x):
input_size = x.size(2)
scale = [4, 8, 16, 32]
features = [None, None, None, None]
for f in self.features:
x = f(x)
if input_size // x.size(2) in scale:
features[scale.index(input_size // x.size(2))] = x
return features
def switch_to_deploy(self):
replace_batchnorm(self)
def update_weight(model_dict, weight_dict):
idx, temp_dict = 0, {}
for k, v in weight_dict.items():
# k = k[9:]
if k in model_dict.keys() and np.shape(model_dict[k]) == np.shape(v):
temp_dict[k] = v
idx += 1
model_dict.update(temp_dict)
print(f'loading weights... {idx}/{len(model_dict)} items')
return model_dict
def repvit_m1(weights=''):
"""
Constructs a MobileNetV3-Large model
"""
cfgs = [
# k, t, c, SE, HS, s
[3, 2, 48, 1, 0, 1],
[3, 2, 48, 0, 0, 1],
[3, 2, 48, 0, 0, 1],
[3, 2, 96, 0, 0, 2],
[3, 2, 96, 1, 0, 1],
[3, 2, 96, 0, 0, 1],
[3, 2, 96, 0, 0, 1],
[3, 2, 192, 0, 1, 2],
[3, 2, 192, 1, 1, 1],
[3, 2, 192, 0, 1, 1],
[3, 2, 192, 1, 1, 1],
[3, 2, 192, 0, 1, 1],
[3, 2, 192, 1, 1, 1],
[3, 2, 192, 0, 1, 1],
[3, 2, 192, 1, 1, 1],
[3, 2, 192, 0, 1, 1],
[3, 2, 192, 1, 1, 1],
[3, 2, 192, 0, 1, 1],
[3, 2, 192, 1, 1, 1],
[3, 2, 192, 0, 1, 1],
[3, 2, 192, 1, 1, 1],
[3, 2, 192, 0, 1, 1],
[3, 2, 192, 0, 1, 1],
[3, 2, 384, 0, 1, 2],
[3, 2, 384, 1, 1, 1],
[3, 2, 384, 0, 1, 1]
]
model = RepViT(cfgs)
if weights:
model.load_state_dict(update_weight(model.state_dict(), torch.load(weights)['model']))
return model
def repvit_m2(weights=''):
"""
Constructs a MobileNetV3-Large model
"""
cfgs = [
# k, t, c, SE, HS, s
[3, 2, 64, 1, 0, 1],
[3, 2, 64, 0, 0, 1],
[3, 2, 64, 0, 0, 1],
[3, 2, 128, 0, 0, 2],
[3, 2, 128, 1, 0, 1],
[3, 2, 128, 0, 0, 1],
[3, 2, 128, 0, 0, 1],
[3, 2, 256, 0, 1, 2],
[3, 2, 256, 1, 1, 1],
[3, 2, 256, 0, 1, 1],
[3, 2, 256, 1, 1, 1],
[3, 2, 256, 0, 1, 1],
[3, 2, 256, 1, 1, 1],
[3, 2, 256, 0, 1, 1],
[3, 2, 256, 1, 1, 1],
[3, 2, 256, 0, 1, 1],
[3, 2, 256, 1, 1, 1],
[3, 2, 256, 0, 1, 1],
[3, 2, 256, 1, 1, 1],
[3, 2, 256, 0, 1, 1],
[3, 2, 256, 0, 1, 1],
[3, 2, 512, 0, 1, 2],
[3, 2, 512, 1, 1, 1],
[3, 2, 512, 0, 1, 1]
]
model = RepViT(cfgs)
if weights:
model.load_state_dict(update_weight(model.state_dict(), torch.load(weights)['model']))
return model
def repvit_m3(weights=''):
"""
Constructs a MobileNetV3-Large model
"""
cfgs = [
# k, t, c, SE, HS, s
[3, 2, 64, 1, 0, 1],
[3, 2, 64, 0, 0, 1],
[3, 2, 64, 1, 0, 1],
[3, 2, 64, 0, 0, 1],
[3, 2, 64, 0, 0, 1],
[3, 2, 128, 0, 0, 2],
[3, 2, 128, 1, 0, 1],
[3, 2, 128, 0, 0, 1],
[3, 2, 128, 1, 0, 1],
[3, 2, 128, 0, 0, 1],
[3, 2, 128, 0, 0, 1],
[3, 2, 256, 0, 1, 2],
[3, 2, 256, 1, 1, 1],
[3, 2, 256, 0, 1, 1],
[3, 2, 256, 1, 1, 1],
[3, 2, 256, 0, 1, 1],
[3, 2, 256, 1, 1, 1],
[3, 2, 256, 0, 1, 1],
[3, 2, 256, 1, 1, 1],
[3, 2, 256, 0, 1, 1],
[3, 2, 256, 1, 1, 1],
[3, 2, 256, 0, 1, 1],
[3, 2, 256, 1, 1, 1],
[3, 2, 256, 0, 1, 1],
[3, 2, 256, 1, 1, 1],
[3, 2, 256, 0, 1, 1],
[3, 2, 256, 1, 1, 1],
[3, 2, 256, 0, 1, 1],
[3, 2, 256, 1, 1, 1],
[3, 2, 256, 0, 1, 1],
[3, 2, 256, 0, 1, 1],
[3, 2, 512, 0, 1, 2],
[3, 2, 512, 1, 1, 1],
[3, 2, 512, 0, 1, 1]
]
model = RepViT(cfgs)
if weights:
model.load_state_dict(update_weight(model.state_dict(), torch.load(weights)['model']))
return model
if __name__ == '__main__':
model = repvit_m1('repvit_m1_distill_300.pth')
inputs = torch.randn((1, 3, 640, 640))
res = model(inputs)
for i in res:
print(i.size())
Backbone替换
yolo.py修改
def parse_model函数
def parse_model(d, ch): # model_dict, input_channels(3)
# Parse a YOLOv5 model.yaml dictionary
LOGGER.info(f"\n{'':>3}{'from':>18}{'n':>3}{'params':>10} {'module':<40}{'arguments':<30}")
anchors, nc, gd, gw, act = d['anchors'], d['nc'], d['depth_multiple'], d['width_multiple'], d.get('activation')
if act:
Conv.default_act = eval(act) # redefine default activation, i.e. Conv.default_act = nn.SiLU()
LOGGER.info(f"{colorstr('activation:')} {act}") # print
na = (len(anchors[0]) // 2) if isinstance(anchors, list) else anchors # number of anchors
no = na * (nc + 5) # number of outputs = anchors * (classes + 5)
is_backbone = False
layers, save, c2 = [], [], ch[-1] # layers, savelist, ch out
for i, (f, n, m, args) in enumerate(d['backbone'] + d['head']): # from, number, module, args
try:
t = m
m = eval(m) if isinstance(m, str) else m # eval strings
except:
pass
for j, a in enumerate(args):
with contextlib.suppress(NameError):
try:
args[j] = eval(a) if isinstance(a, str) else a # eval strings
except:
args[j] = a
n = n_ = max(round(n * gd), 1) if n > 1 else n # depth gain
if m in {
Conv, GhostConv, Bottleneck, GhostBottleneck, SPP, SPPF, DWConv, MixConv2d, Focus, CrossConv,
BottleneckCSP, C3, C3TR, C3SPP, C3Ghost, nn.ConvTranspose2d, DWConvTranspose2d, C3x}:
c1, c2 = ch[f], args[0]
if c2 != no: # if not output
c2 = make_divisible(c2 * gw, 8)
args = [c1, c2, *args[1:]]
if m in {BottleneckCSP, C3, C3TR, C3Ghost, C3x}:
args.insert(2, n) # number of repeats
n = 1
elif m is nn.BatchNorm2d:
args = [ch[f]]
elif m is Concat:
c2 = sum(ch[x] for x in f)
# TODO: channel, gw, gd
elif m in {Detect, Segment}:
args.append([ch[x] for x in f])
if isinstance(args[1], int): # number of anchors
args[1] = [list(range(args[1] * 2))] * len(f)
if m is Segment:
args[3] = make_divisible(args[3] * gw, 8)
elif m is Contract:
c2 = ch[f] * args[0] ** 2
elif m is Expand:
c2 = ch[f] // args[0] ** 2
elif isinstance(m, str):
t = m
m = timm.create_model(m, pretrained=args[0], features_only=True)
c2 = m.feature_info.channels()
elif m in {repvit_m1}: #可添加更多Backbone
m = m(*args)
c2 = m.channel
else:
c2 = ch[f]
if isinstance(c2, list):
is_backbone = True
m_ = m
m_.backbone = True
else:
m_ = nn.Sequential(*(m(*args) for _ in range(n))) if n > 1 else m(*args) # module
t = str(m)[8:-2].replace('__main__.', '') # module type
np = sum(x.numel() for x in m_.parameters()) # number params
m_.i, m_.f, m_.type, m_.np = i + 4 if is_backbone else i, f, t, np # attach index, 'from' index, type, number params
LOGGER.info(f'{i:>3}{str(f):>18}{n_:>3}{np:10.0f} {t:<40}{str(args):<30}') # print
save.extend(x % (i + 4 if is_backbone else i) for x in ([f] if isinstance(f, int) else f) if x != -1) # append to savelist
layers.append(m_)
if i == 0:
ch = []
if isinstance(c2, list):
ch.extend(c2)
for _ in range(5 - len(ch)):
ch.insert(0, 0)
else:
ch.append(c2)
return nn.Sequential(*layers), sorted(save)
def _forward_once函数
def _forward_once(self, x, profile=False, visualize=False):
y, dt = [], [] # outputs
for m in self.model:
if m.f != -1: # if not from previous layer
x = y[m.f] if isinstance(m.f, int) else [x if j == -1 else y[j] for j in m.f] # from earlier layers
if profile:
self._profile_one_layer(m, x, dt)
if hasattr(m, 'backbone'):
x = m(x)
for _ in range(5 - len(x)):
x.insert(0, None)
for i_idx, i in enumerate(x):
if i_idx in self.save:
y.append(i)
else:
y.append(None)
x = x[-1]
else:
x = m(x) # run
y.append(x if m.i in self.save else None) # save output
if visualize:
feature_visualization(x, m.type, m.i, save_dir=visualize)
return x
创建.yaml配置文件
# YOLOv5 🚀 by Ultralytics, GPL-3.0 license
# Parameters
nc: 80 # number of classes
depth_multiple: 0.33 # model depth multiple
width_multiple: 0.25 # layer channel multiple
anchors:
- [10,13, 16,30, 33,23] # P3/8
- [30,61, 62,45, 59,119] # P4/16
- [116,90, 156,198, 373,326] # P5/32
# 0-P1/2
# 1-P2/4
# 2-P3/8
# 3-P4/16
# 4-P5/32
# YOLOv5 v6.0 backbone
backbone:
# [from, number, module, args]
[[-1, 1, repvit_m1, [False]], # 4
[-1, 1, SPPF, [1024, 5]], # 5
]
# YOLOv5 v6.0 head
head:
[[-1, 1, Conv, [512, 1, 1]], # 6
[-1, 1, nn.Upsample, [None, 2, 'nearest']], # 7
[[-1, 3], 1, Concat, [1]], # cat backbone P4 8
[-1, 3, C3, [512, False]], # 9
[-1, 1, Conv, [256, 1, 1]], # 10
[-1, 1, nn.Upsample, [None, 2, 'nearest']], # 11
[[-1, 2], 1, Concat, [1]], # cat backbone P3 12
[-1, 3, C3, [256, False]], # 13 (P3/8-small)
[-1, 1, Conv, [256, 3, 2]], # 14
[[-1, 10], 1, Concat, [1]], # cat head P4 15
[-1, 3, C3, [512, False]], # 16 (P4/16-medium)
[-1, 1, Conv, [512, 3, 2]], # 17
[[-1, 5], 1, Concat, [1]], # cat head P5 18
[-1, 3, C3, [1024, False]], # 19 (P5/32-large)
[[13, 16, 19], 1, Detect, [nc, anchors]], # Detect(P3, P4, P5)
]
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