Qt::QOpenGLWidget渲染带光照的立方体

目录

一 学前知识准备    

二 动手实践

三 参考文章

---

一 学前知识准备    

    这里为了方便不用之前的方法，之前的方法需要引入很多三方的数学库和纹理，模型等库，这里我们班用Qt工具来做更加简单方便。 在看过前面几篇文章之后，在正式开始之前还需要了解opengl渲染流程上的一些东西。

opengl坐标系统  了解opengl整个渲染流程坐标是如何转换的

OpenGL图形渲染管线、VBO、VAO、EBO概念及用例 opengl渲染cpu和gpu怎么传递大块数据

透视投影详解  理解摄像机的透视原理

OpenGL ES着色器语言之变量和数据类型  了解着色器程序中的基本变量类型

opengl如何渲染一个三角形   学会如何编写最简单着色器程序渲染最基本的渲染单位三角形

摄像机原理    理解3d场景中摄像机的实现原理

二 动手实践

立方体顶点着色器

#version 330 core
//顶点着色器

uniform mat4 mvp_matrix;
uniform mat4 model_matrix;

layout (location = 0) in vec3 a_position;   //空间坐标
layout (location = 1) in vec2 a_texcoord;   //纹理坐标
layout (location = 2) in vec3 a_normal;	    //法线向量

out vec2 v_texcoord;
out vec3 FragPos;
out vec3 Normal;

void main()
{
	FragPos = vec3(model_matrix * vec4(a_position, 1.0));
	Normal =  mat3(transpose(inverse(model_matrix))) * a_normal;  
    v_texcoord = a_texcoord;
    gl_Position = mvp_matrix * vec4(a_position,1);
}

立方体像素着色器

#version 330 core
//像素着色器

in vec3 Normal;  
in vec3 FragPos;  
  
uniform vec3 lightPos; 
uniform vec3 viewPos; 
uniform vec3 lightColor;
uniform sampler2D texture;

in vec2 v_texcoord;

void main()
{
    //环境光照
    float ambientStrength = 0.3;
    vec3 ambient = ambientStrength * lightColor;
  	
    // 漫反射光照 
    vec3 norm = normalize(Normal);
    vec3 lightDir = normalize(lightPos - FragPos);
    float diff = max(dot(norm, lightDir), 0.0);
    vec3 diffuse = diff * lightColor;
         
    // 镜面光照
    float specularStrength = 1.0;
    vec3 viewDir = normalize(viewPos - FragPos);
    vec3 reflectDir = reflect(-lightDir, norm);  
    float spec = pow(max(dot(viewDir, reflectDir), 0.0), 2);
    vec3 specular = specularStrength * spec * lightColor;  
        
	//获取纹理中对应的颜色
    vec4 textureColor = texture2D(texture, v_texcoord);
	//把纹理中的颜色和光照参数相乘
    gl_FragColor = vec4(ambient + diffuse + specular, 1.0) * textureColor;
}

c++设置gpu数据

class MainWidget : public QOpenGLWidget, protected QOpenGLFunctions
{
    Q_OBJECT
public:
    explicit MainWidget(QWidget *parent = 0);
    ~MainWidget();
protected:
    void mousePressEvent(QMouseEvent *e) override;
    void mouseReleaseEvent(QMouseEvent *e) override;
	void wheelEvent(QWheelEvent *event) override;
    void timerEvent(QTimerEvent *e) override;
    void initializeGL() override;
    void resizeGL(int w, int h) override;
	void paintGL() override;
    void initShaders();
    void initTextures();
private:
    QBasicTimer timer;
    QOpenGLShaderProgram cubeProgram;
	QOpenGLShaderProgram lightinhProgram;
    GeometryEngine *geometries;
    QOpenGLTexture *texture;
    QMatrix4x4 projection;
    QVector2D mousePressPosition;
    QVector3D rotationAxis;
    qreal angularSpeed;
	qreal viewChageDisOld;
	qreal viewChageDisNew;
    QQuaternion rotation;
};

#include "mainwidget.h"
#include <QMouseEvent>
#include <math.h>
#include <QTime>
#include <QDebug>

//模型主动刷新帧率
#define ACTION_FPS  60
#define LIGHT_COLOR QVector3D(1.2f, 1.0f, 2.0f)
#define EYE_CENTER  QVector3D(0.0, 0.0, 8.0)
#define LIGHT_POS   QVector3D(2.5f, 2.0f, -1.0f)


void MainWidget::initShaders()
{
	if (!lightinhProgram.addShaderFromSourceFile(QOpenGLShader::Vertex, ":/base_lighting.vs"))
		close();

	if (!lightinhProgram.addShaderFromSourceFile(QOpenGLShader::Fragment, ":/base_lighting.fs"))	
		close();
	
	if (!lightinhProgram.link())	
		close();

	if (!cubeProgram.addShaderFromSourceFile(QOpenGLShader::Vertex, ":/shader.vs"))
		close();

	if (!cubeProgram.addShaderFromSourceFile(QOpenGLShader::Fragment, ":/shader.fs"))
		close();

	if (!cubeProgram.link())
		close();

	geometries->setCubeGLData(&cubeProgram);
	geometries->setLightingGLData(&lightinhProgram);
}
void MainWidget::initTextures()
{
    texture = new QOpenGLTexture(QImage(":/cube.png").mirrored());
    texture->setMinificationFilter(QOpenGLTexture::Nearest);
    texture->setMagnificationFilter(QOpenGLTexture::Linear);
    texture->setWrapMode(QOpenGLTexture::Repeat);
}

void MainWidget::resizeGL(int w, int h)
{
    qreal aspect = qreal(w) / qreal(h ? h : 1);
    const qreal zNear = 2.0, zFar = 20.0, fov = 45.0;
    projection.setToIdentity();
    projection.perspective(fov, aspect, zNear, zFar);
}

//opengl渲染函数
void MainWidget::paintGL()
{
    glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT | GL_DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT);
	//开启深度测试
	glEnable(GL_DEPTH_TEST);
	//开启遮挡剔除
	glEnable(GL_CULL_FACE);
    texture->bind();
	qreal viewChangeRate = viewChageDisNew / 1000.f;
	viewChageDisOld = viewChageDisNew;
	QMatrix4x4 viewmatrix;
	//计算view矩阵
	viewmatrix.lookAt(EYE_CENTER, QVector3D(0, 0, -20), QVector3D(0, 1, 0));

	//模型坐标转换矩阵坐标
	QMatrix4x4 modelmatrix;
	//平移至左下角
	modelmatrix.translate(-1.6, -0.8, 0);
	//鼠标滚动旋转角度
	modelmatrix.rotate(rotation);
	//滚轮缩放
	modelmatrix.scale(1.0 * (1 + viewChangeRate));
	//设置cube着色器变量
	QMatrix4x4 mvpmatrix = projection * viewmatrix * modelmatrix;
	cubeProgram.bind();
	cubeProgram.setUniformValue("lightColor", LIGHT_COLOR);
	cubeProgram.setUniformValue("lightPos", LIGHT_POS);
	cubeProgram.setUniformValue("viewPos", EYE_CENTER);
	cubeProgram.setUniformValue("mvp_matrix", mvpmatrix);
	cubeProgram.setUniformValue("texture", 0);
	cubeProgram.setUniformValue("model_matrix", modelmatrix);
	geometries->drawCubeGeometry(&cubeProgram);

	//设置光源cube着色器变量
	QMatrix4x4 lampmodelmatrix;
	lampmodelmatrix.translate(LIGHT_POS);
	//缩放
	lampmodelmatrix.scale(0.4);
	QMatrix4x4 lampmvpmatrix = projection * viewmatrix * lampmodelmatrix;
	lightinhProgram.bind();
	lightinhProgram.setUniformValue("mvp_matrix", lampmvpmatrix);
	lightinhProgram.setUniformValue("lightColor", LIGHT_COLOR);
	geometries->drawLighting(&lightinhProgram);
}

这里只展示一些关键的代码，完整的代码地址：

gitee地址

github地址

最终效果展示：

三 参考文章

opengl教程之纹理

opengl教程之基础光照

OpenGL + Qt: 2 - 走向3D，画正四面体