Linux sleep和 usleep睡眠函数的使用

sleep()是以秒为单位的

        sleep(100);即程序在此停留100s

usleep()是以微秒级别为单位的

        usleep(100);即程序在此停留100us

#include <time.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <iostream>
#include <unistd.h>

using namespace std;
int main(int argc, char *argv[]){
    int sleep_time = 100;
    cout << "sleep before time: " << time(NULL) << endl;
    sleep(sleep_time);
    cout << "sleep after time: " << time(NULL) << endl;

    cout << "======================" << endl;

    cout << "usleep before time: " << time(NULL) << endl;
    usleep(sleep_time);
    cout << "usleep after time: " << time(NULL) << endl;
}

#################################################################################
sleep before time: 1560257692
sleep after time: 1560257792
======================
usleep before time: 1560257792
usleep after time: 1560257792

从运行结果来看，sleep()方法执行前后的时间戳相减正好是sleep_time大小，打印的时间戳是以秒为单位的，所以sleep()方法将程序挂起使用的单位是秒级别的；从usleep()执行前后的时间戳来看，感觉上程序并没有被挂起，这是因为usleep()方法将程序挂起的使用的单位是微秒级别的（1,000,000 微秒 = 1秒）所以程序看起来并没有被挂起，下面我们将打印的时间戳改为微秒级别的看看。
可以通过<sys/time.h>库中的gettimeofday()方法来拿到当前系统的微秒级别时间。

#include <stdio.h>
#include <iostream>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <sys/time.h>

using namespace std;
int main(int argc, char *argv[]){
    int sleep_time = 100;
    cout << "sleep before time: " << time(NULL) << endl;
    sleep(sleep_time);
    cout << "sleep after time: " << time(NULL) << endl;

    cout << "======================" << endl;

    cout << "usleep before time: " << time(NULL) << endl;
    usleep(sleep_time);
    cout << "usleep after time: " << time(NULL) << endl;

    cout << "======================" << endl;
    struct timeval tv;  
    gettimeofday(&tv,NULL); 
    cout << "not usleep before time: " << tv.tv_sec<<"s,"<<tv.tv_usec<<"微秒"<<endl;
    usleep(0);
    gettimeofday(&tv,NULL); 
    cout << "not usleep after time: " << tv.tv_sec<<"s,"<<tv.tv_usec<<"微秒"<<endl;
    cout << "======================" << endl;
    gettimeofday(&tv,NULL); 
    cout << "usleep before time: " << tv.tv_sec<<"s,"<<tv.tv_usec<<"微秒"<<endl;
    usleep(sleep_time);
    gettimeofday(&tv,NULL); 
    cout << "usleep after time: " << tv.tv_sec<<"s,"<<tv.tv_usec<<"微秒"<<endl;
}

######################################################################################

sleep before time: 1560260201
sleep after time: 1560260301
======================
usleep before time: 1560260301
usleep after time: 1560260301
======================
not usleep before time: 1560260301s,491772微秒
not usleep after time: 1560260301s,491948微秒
======================
usleep before time: 1560260301s,491962微秒
usleep after time: 1560260301s,492191微秒

从使用usleep(0)和使用了usleep(100)方法来看，执行前后的时间差差不多相差100，从而可以看出usleep()是以微秒级别为单位的。