机器学习_逻辑回归

逻辑回归定义

逻辑回归是解决二分类问题的利器

逻辑回归的损失函数

与线性回归原理相同,但由于是分类问题，损失函数不一样，只能通过梯度下降求解
对数似然损失函数：

完整的损失函数：

cost损失的值越小，那么预测的类别准确度更高

sklearn逻辑回归API

sklearn.linear_model.LogisticRegression(penalty=‘l2’, C = 1.0)

Logistic回归分类器
coef_：回归系数

案例:

import numpy as np
import pandas as pd
from sklearn.model_selection import train_test_split
from sklearn.linear_model import LogisticRegression
from sklearn.preprocessing import StandardScaler
from sklearn.metrics import classification_report

def logistic():
    """
    逻辑回归做二分类进行癌症预测（根据细胞的属性特征）
    :return: NOne
    """
    # 构造列标签名字
    column = ['Sample code number','Clump Thickness', 'Uniformity of Cell Size','Uniformity of Cell Shape','Marginal Adhesion', 'Single Epithelial Cell Size','Bare Nuclei','Bland Chromatin','Normal Nucleoli','Mitoses','Class']

    # 读取数据
    data = pd.read_csv("https://archive.ics.uci.edu/ml/machine-learning-databases/breast-cancer-wisconsin/breast-cancer-wisconsin.data", names=column)

    print(data)

    # 缺失值进行处理
    data = data.replace(to_replace='?', value=np.nan)# 将? 换成NAN

    data = data.dropna() # 删除空值

    # 进行数据的分割
    x_train, x_test, y_train, y_test = train_test_split(data[column[1:10]], data[column[10]], test_size=0.25)

    # 进行标准化处理
    std = StandardScaler()

    x_train = std.fit_transform(x_train)
    x_test = std.transform(x_test)

    # 逻辑回归预测
    lg = LogisticRegression(C=1.0)

    lg.fit(x_train, y_train)

    print(lg.coef_) # 回归系数

    y_predict = lg.predict(x_test)

    print("准确率：", lg.score(x_test, y_test))

    print("召回率：", classification_report(y_test, y_predict, labels=[2, 4], target_names=["良性", "恶性"]))

    return None


if __name__ == "__main__":
    logistic()

LogisticRegression(使用的场景)

应用：广告点击率预测、电商购物搭配推荐

优点：适合需要得到一个分类概率的场景

缺点：当特征空间很大时，逻辑回归的性能不是很好
（看硬件能力）