Python 点滴积累（3）

python 列表

1.返回列表最后一个元素

可以指定列表索引为-1，返回列表最后一个元素。

 fruits=["apple","banana","grape","pear"]
>>> print(fruits[-1])
pear

2.在列表中添加元素

在列表末尾添加元素：

>>> color=["white","red","blue","green"]
>>> print(color)
['white', 'red', 'blue', 'green']
>>> color.append("yellow")
>>> print(color)
['white', 'red', 'blue', 'green', 'yellow']

在列表中插入元素：

>>> color=["white","blue","red","green"]
>>> print(color)
['white', 'blue', 'red', 'green']
>>> color.insert(0,"black")
>>> print(color)
['black', 'white', 'blue', 'red', 'green']

3.从列表中删除元素

待删除的元素的索引已知前提下，使用del

>>> color=["white","red","blue","green"]
>>> print(color)
['white', 'red', 'blue', 'green']
>>> del color[0]
>>> print(color)
['red', 'blue', 'green']

将列表中最后一个元素弹出，并使用该元素

>>> color=["white","red","green","blue"]
>>> print(color)
['white', 'red', 'green', 'blue']
>>> poped_color=color.pop()
>>> print(color)
['white', 'red', 'green']
>>> print(poped_color)
blue

可以使用pop()弹出列表中的任意元素

>>> color=["white","red","green","blue"]
>>> print(color)
['white', 'red', 'green', 'blue']
>>> poped_color=color.pop(1)
>>> print(poped_color)
red
>>> print(color)
['white', 'green', 'blue']

如果知道待删除元素的值，可以使用remove()

>>> color=["white","red","green","blue"]
>>> print(color)
['white', 'red', 'green', 'blue']
>>> color.remove("green")
>>> print(color)
['white', 'red', 'blue']

方法remove()只删除第一个指定的值。

4.对列表进行排序

方法sort()对列表进行永久性排序

>>> color=["white","black","green","yellow","blue"]
>>> print(color)
['white', 'black', 'green', 'yellow', 'blue']
>>> color.sort()
>>> print(color)
['black', 'blue', 'green', 'white', 'yellow']
>>> color.sort(reverse=True)
>>> print(color)
['yellow', 'white', 'green', 'blue', 'black']

方法sorted()对列表进行临时排序

>>> color=["white","black","green","blue"]
>>> print(color)
['white', 'black', 'green', 'blue']
>>> sorted(color)
['black', 'blue', 'green', 'white']
>>> print(color)
['white', 'black', 'green', 'blue']
>>> sorted(color,reverse=True)
['white', 'green', 'blue', 'black']
>>> print(color)
['white', 'black', 'green', 'blue']

5.反转列表元素

方法reverse()是永久性的修改列表元素的顺序

>>> color=["black","green","red","yellow","white"]
>>> color.reverse()
>>> print(color)
['white', 'yellow', 'red', 'green', 'black']
>>> color.reverse()
>>> print(color)
['black', 'green', 'red', 'yellow', 'white']

6.确定列表长度

>>> color=["blue","green","white","black","red"]
>>> len(color)
5