图像描述子HOG

推荐文章：https://www.learnopencv.com/histogram-of-oriented-gradients/

上面是一篇外文文章写得很不错。

上面文章没有给代码，下面给一篇hog描述子的显示代码：
代码是引用过来的:https://blog.csdn.net/sinat_31135199/article/details/53470879。

#include <opencv2/opencv.hpp>  
#include <cstdio>  
#include <cstdlib>  
#include <Windows.h>  


using namespace std;
using namespace cv;

// HOGDescriptor visual_imagealizer
// adapted for arbitrary size of feature sets and training images
Mat get_hogdescriptor_visual_image(Mat& origImg,
    vector<float>& descriptorValues,//hog特征向量
    Size winSize,//图片窗口大小
    Size cellSize,
    int scaleFactor,//缩放背景图像的比例
    double viz_factor)//缩放hog特征的线长比例
{
    Mat visual_image;//最后可视化的图像大小
    resize(origImg, visual_image, Size(origImg.cols*scaleFactor, origImg.rows*scaleFactor));

    int gradientBinSize = 9;
    // dividing 180° into 9 bins, how large (in rad) is one bin?
    float radRangeForOneBin = 3.14 / (float)gradientBinSize; //pi=3.14对应180°

    // prepare data structure: 9 orientation / gradient strenghts for each cell
    int cells_in_x_dir = winSize.width / cellSize.width;//x方向上的cell个数
    int cells_in_y_dir = winSize.height / cellSize.height;//y方向上的cell个数
    int totalnrofcells = cells_in_x_dir * cells_in_y_dir;//cell的总个数
    //注意此处三维数组的定义格式
    //int ***b;
    //int a[2][3][4];
    //int (*b)[3][4] = a;
    //gradientStrengths[cells_in_y_dir][cells_in_x_dir][9]
    float*** gradientStrengths = new float**[cells_in_y_dir];
    int** cellUpdateCounter = new int*[cells_in_y_dir];
    for (int y = 0; y<cells_in_y_dir; y++)
    {
        gradientStrengths[y] = new float*[cells_in_x_dir];
        cellUpdateCounter[y] = new int[cells_in_x_dir];
        for (int x = 0; x<cells_in_x_dir; x++)
        {
            gradientStrengths[y][x] = new float[gradientBinSize];
            cellUpdateCounter[y][x] = 0;

            for (int bin = 0; bin<gradientBinSize; bin++)
                gradientStrengths[y][x][bin] = 0.0;//把每个cell的9个bin对应的梯度强度都初始化为0
        }
    }

    // nr of blocks = nr of cells - 1
    // since there is a new block on each cell (overlapping blocks!) but the last one
    //相当于blockstride = (8,8)
    int blocks_in_x_dir = cells_in_x_dir - 1;
    int blocks_in_y_dir = cells_in_y_dir - 1;

    // compute gradient strengths per cell
    int descriptorDataIdx = 0;
    int cellx = 0;
    int celly = 0;

    for (int blockx = 0; blockx<blocks_in_x_dir; blockx++)
    {
        for (int blocky = 0; blocky<blocks_in_y_dir; blocky++)
        {
            // 4 cells per block ...
            for (int cellNr = 0; cellNr<4; cellNr++)
            {
                // compute corresponding cell nr
                int cellx = blockx;
                int celly = blocky;
                if (cellNr == 1) celly++;
                if (cellNr == 2) cellx++;
                if (cellNr == 3)
                {
                    cellx++;
                    celly++;
                }

                for (int bin = 0; bin<gradientBinSize; bin++)
                {
                    float gradientStrength = descriptorValues[descriptorDataIdx];
                    descriptorDataIdx++;

                    gradientStrengths[celly][cellx][bin] += gradientStrength;//因为C是按行存储

                } // for (all bins)


                // note: overlapping blocks lead to multiple updates of this sum!
                // we therefore keep track how often a cell was updated,
                // to compute average gradient strengths
                cellUpdateCounter[celly][cellx]++;//由于block之间有重叠，所以要记录哪些cell被多次计算了

            } // for (all cells)


        } // for (all block x pos)
    } // for (all block y pos)


    // compute average gradient strengths
    for (int celly = 0; celly<cells_in_y_dir; celly++)
    {
        for (int cellx = 0; cellx<cells_in_x_dir; cellx++)
        {

            float NrUpdatesForThisCell = (float)cellUpdateCounter[celly][cellx];

            // compute average gradient strenghts for each gradient bin direction
            for (int bin = 0; bin<gradientBinSize; bin++)
            {
                gradientStrengths[celly][cellx][bin] /= NrUpdatesForThisCell;
            }
        }
    }


    cout << "winSize = " << winSize << endl;
    cout << "cellSize = " << cellSize << endl;
    cout << "blockSize = " << cellSize * 2 << endl;
    cout << "blockNum = " << blocks_in_x_dir << "×" << blocks_in_y_dir << endl;
    cout << "descriptorDataIdx = " << descriptorDataIdx << endl;

    // draw cells
    for (int celly = 0; celly<cells_in_y_dir; celly++)
    {
        for (int cellx = 0; cellx<cells_in_x_dir; cellx++)
        {
            int drawX = cellx * cellSize.width;
            int drawY = celly * cellSize.height;

            int mx = drawX + cellSize.width / 2;
            int my = drawY + cellSize.height / 2;

            rectangle(visual_image,
                Point(drawX*scaleFactor, drawY*scaleFactor),
                Point((drawX + cellSize.width)*scaleFactor,
                (drawY + cellSize.height)*scaleFactor),
                CV_RGB(0, 0, 0),//cell框线的颜色
                1);

            // draw in each cell all 9 gradient strengths
            for (int bin = 0; bin<gradientBinSize; bin++)
            {
                float currentGradStrength = gradientStrengths[celly][cellx][bin];

                // no line to draw?
                if (currentGradStrength == 0)
                    continue;

                float currRad = bin * radRangeForOneBin + radRangeForOneBin / 2;//取每个bin里的中间值，如10°,30°,...,170°.

                float dirVecX = cos(currRad);
                float dirVecY = sin(currRad);
                float maxVecLen = cellSize.width / 2;
                float scale = viz_factor; // just a visual_imagealization scale,
                // to see the lines better

                // compute line coordinates
                float x1 = mx - dirVecX * currentGradStrength * maxVecLen * scale;
                float y1 = my - dirVecY * currentGradStrength * maxVecLen * scale;
                float x2 = mx + dirVecX * currentGradStrength * maxVecLen * scale;
                float y2 = my + dirVecY * currentGradStrength * maxVecLen * scale;

                // draw gradient visual_imagealization
                line(visual_image,
                    Point(x1*scaleFactor, y1*scaleFactor),
                    Point(x2*scaleFactor, y2*scaleFactor),
                    CV_RGB(255, 255, 255),//HOG可视化的cell的颜色
                    1);

            } // for (all bins)

        } // for (cellx)
    } // for (celly)


    // don't forget to free memory allocated by helper data structures!
    for (int y = 0; y<cells_in_y_dir; y++)
    {
        for (int x = 0; x<cells_in_x_dir; x++)
        {
            delete[] gradientStrengths[y][x];
        }
        delete[] gradientStrengths[y];
        delete[] cellUpdateCounter[y];
    }
    delete[] gradientStrengths;
    delete[] cellUpdateCounter;

    return visual_image;//返回最终的HOG可视化图像

}


int main()
{

    //HOGDescriptor hog;//使用的是默认的hog参数
    /*
    HOGDescriptor(Size win_size=Size(64, 128), Size block_size=Size(16, 16), Size block_stride=Size(8, 8),
    Size cell_size=Size(8, 8), int nbins=9, double win_sigma=DEFAULT_WIN_SIGMA(DEFAULT_WIN_SIGMA=-1),
    double threshold_L2hys=0.2, bool gamma_correction=true, int nlevels=DEFAULT_NLEVELS)
    Parameters:
    win_size – Detection window size. Align to block size and block stride.
    block_size – Block size in pixels. Align to cell size. Only (16,16) is supported for now.
    block_stride – Block stride. It must be a multiple of cell size.
    cell_size – Cell size. Only (8, 8) is supported for now.
    nbins – Number of bins. Only 9 bins per cell are supported for now.
    win_sigma – Gaussian smoothing window parameter.
    threshold_L2hys – L2-Hys normalization method shrinkage.
    gamma_correction – Flag to specify whether the gamma correction preprocessing is required or not.
    nlevels – Maximum number of detection window increases.
    */
    //对于128*80的图片，blockstride = 8,15*9的block，2*2*9*15*9 = 4860

    Mat src = imread("C:\\Users\\dushuang\\Desktop\\lotsfiles\\bhs\\3.jpg");//注意这里边的双斜杠！！！！！！！！！！
    int src_width = src.cols;
    int src_height = src.rows;
    int width = src_width;
    int height = src_height;
    HOGDescriptor hog(Size(width,height),Size(16,16),Size(8,8),Size(8,8),9);
    vector<float> des;//HOG特征向量

    Mat dst;
    resize(src, dst, Size(width, height));//规范图像尺寸
    imshow("src", src);
    hog.compute(dst, des,Size(8,8));//计算hog特征
    Mat background = Mat::zeros(Size(width, height), CV_8UC1);//设置黑色背景图，因为要用白色绘制hog特征

    Mat d = get_hogdescriptor_visual_image(background, des, hog.winSize, hog.cellSize, 3, 2.5);
    imshow("dst", d);
    imwrite("hogvisualize.jpg", d);
    waitKey();

    return 0;
}

上面这个代码是有问题的，找了半天终于找到了
修改如下：

int width = (int)src_width-(int)src_width % 8;
int height = (int)src_height-(int)src_height % 8;

因为hog处理的图像长宽必须是8的整数倍大小。