MIEC CS172(Prolog)

最新推荐文章于 2024-09-16 20:51:41 发布

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最新推荐文章于 2024-09-16 20:51:41 发布

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本文介绍了Prolog编程中的事实、规则、查询以及知识库的概念，包括如何表达并列、复杂术语、不同谓词的参数数量，以及逻辑推理、真值表、有效推论、逻辑等价和集合操作。后续章节探讨了逻辑表达的转换和标准形式，如DNF和CNF，以及图书馆和集合操作的应用。

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Chapter 1 and 2

Fact

Facts: Facts are statements that areassumed to be true.
The dot ‘.’ character must come at the end of a fact.
Example: We want to tell “John likes Mary” : English interpretation
The standard form of fact in Prolog Likes (john, mary).

Rules

Rules: Rules are logical statements that describe the relationships between different facts.
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Queries

Queries: That is, this query essentially asks something to Prolog:
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Knowledge base 1 (example)

The facts and rules contained in a knowledge base are called clauses.
The end of a clause is marked with a full stop.
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Expressing Conjunction

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The comma “,” expresses conjunction (and) in Prolog
So, this rule says: ``Vincent plays air guitar if he listens to music and he is happy’

Knowledge base 5

KB5 contains four facts about the loves relation and one rule.
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Prolog terms

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Variable

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“;” means “or” here , so this query means: are there any more women?

Atoms

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complex terms

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Arity(参数数量)

We can define two predicates with the same functor but with different arityProlog would treat this as two different predicates!
In Prolog documentation, arity of a predicate is usually indicated with the suffix “/” followed by a number to indicate the arity
for example:
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Chapter 3 and 4

Truth table

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Valuations

In propositional logic, a valuation corresponds to a single rowin the truth table.
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Valid Inference

The inference from a finite set of premises p1, p2. . . pn-1, pn, to a conclusion q is a valid inference if for each valuation V with V(p1) = . . . = V(pn) = 1, also has that V(q) = 1.
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Some famous valid inference: