Python处理加速度和陀螺仪数据计算姿态角

通过x、y、z加速度和陀螺仪计算姿态角(欧拉角)

#coding:utf-8

import math

#IMU算法更新


Kp = 100 #比例增益控制加速度计/磁强计的收敛速度
Ki = 0.002 #积分增益控制陀螺偏差的收敛速度
halfT = 0.001 #采样周期的一半

#传感器框架相对于辅助框架的四元数(初始化四元数的值)
q0 = 1
q1 = 0
q2 = 0
q3 = 0

#由Ki缩放的积分误差项(初始化)
exInt = 0
eyInt = 0
ezInt = 0

def Update_IMU(ax,ay,az,gx,gy,gz):
    global q0
    global q1
    global q2
    global q3
    global exInt
    global eyInt
    global ezInt
    # print(q0)
    
    #测量正常化
    norm = math.sqrt(ax*ax+ay*ay+az*az)
    #单元化
    ax = ax/norm
    ay = ay/norm
    az = az/norm
    
    #估计方向的重力
    vx = 2*(q1*q3 - q0*q2)
    vy = 2*(q0*q1 + q2*q3)
    vz = q0*q0 - q1*q1 - q2*q2 + q3*q3
    
    #错误的领域和方向传感器测量参考方向之间的交叉乘积的总和
    ex = (ay*vz - az*vy)
    ey = (az*vx - ax*vz)
    ez = (ax*vy - ay*vx)
    
    #积分误差比例积分增益
    exInt += ex*Ki
    eyInt += ey*Ki
    ezInt += ez*Ki
    
    #调整后的陀螺仪测量
    gx += Kp*ex + exInt
    gy += Kp*ey + eyInt
    gz += Kp*ez + ezInt
    
    #整合四元数
    q0 += (-q1*gx - q2*gy - q3*gz)*halfT
    q1 += (q0*gx + q2*gz - q3*gy)*halfT
    q2 += (q0*gy - q1*gz + q3*gx)*halfT
    q3 += (q0*gz + q1*gy - q2*gx)*halfT
    
    #正常化四元数
    norm = math.sqrt(q0*q0 + q1*q1 + q2*q2 + q3*q3)
    q0 /= norm
    q1 /= norm
    q2 /= norm
    q3 /= norm
    
    #获取欧拉角 pitch、roll、yaw
    pitch = math.asin(-2*q1*q3+2*q0*q2)*57.3
    roll = math.atan2(2*q2*q3+2*q0*q1,-2*q1*q1-2*q2*q2+1)*57.3
    yaw = math.atan2(2*(q1*q2 + q0*q3),q0*q0+q1*q1-q2*q2-q3*q3)*57.3
    return pitch,roll,yaw
参考博客 == https://www.amobbs.com/thread-5492189-1-1.html
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以下是一个使用加速度计和陀螺仪求欧拉的示例程序: ```python import math import time # Calibration constants for the gyroscope # These values are obtained by measuring the output of the gyroscope when it is at rest in all axes GYRO_X_OFFSET = 0.0 GYRO_Y_OFFSET = 0.0 GYRO_Z_OFFSET = 0.0 # Calibration constants for the accelerometer # These values are obtained by measuring the output of the accelerometer when it is at rest with the correct orientation ACCEL_X_REF = 0.0 ACCEL_Y_REF = 0.0 ACCEL_Z_REF = 1.0 # Conversion factors for the gyroscope and accelerometer GYRO_SCALE = 0.0010653 # degrees/second ACCEL_SCALE = 0.000244 # g # Time constants for the complementary filter T_COMPLEMENTARY_FILTER = 0.1 # Initialize the angles to zero roll = 0.0 pitch = 0.0 yaw = 0.0 # Initialize the gyroscope readings gyro_x_prev = 0.0 gyro_y_prev = 0.0 gyro_z_prev = 0.0 # Main loop while True: # Read the gyroscope and accelerometer data gyro_x = read_gyro_x() - GYRO_X_OFFSET gyro_y = read_gyro_y() - GYRO_Y_OFFSET gyro_z = read_gyro_z() - GYRO_Z_OFFSET accel_x = read_accel_x() accel_y = read_accel_y() accel_z = read_accel_z() # Convert the gyroscope readings to degrees/second gyro_x = gyro_x * GYRO_SCALE gyro_y = gyro_y * GYRO_SCALE gyro_z = gyro_z * GYRO_SCALE # Calculate the angle change from the gyroscope readings alpha_x = gyro_x * (time.time() - t_prev) alpha_y = gyro_y * (time.time() - t_prev) alpha_z = gyro_z * (time.time() - t_prev) # Calculate the angle change from the accelerometer readings accel_norm = math.sqrt(accel_x ** 2 + accel_y ** 2 + accel_z ** 2) if accel_norm > 0.0: roll_acc = math.atan2(accel_y, accel_z) * 180.0 / math.pi pitch_acc = math.atan2(-accel_x, math.sqrt(accel_y ** 2 + accel_z ** 2)) * 180.0 / math.pi else: roll_acc = roll pitch_acc = pitch # Apply a complementary filter to combine the gyroscope and accelerometer readings roll = T_COMPLEMENTARY_FILTER * (roll + alpha_x) + (1.0 - T_COMPLEMENTARY_FILTER) * roll_acc pitch = T_COMPLEMENTARY_FILTER * (pitch + alpha_y) + (1.0 - T_COMPLEMENTARY_FILTER) * pitch_acc yaw = yaw + alpha_z # Normalize the yaw angle to the range -180 to 180 degrees if yaw > 180.0: yaw -= 360.0 elif yaw < -180.0: yaw += 360.0 # Update the previous gyroscope readings and time gyro_x_prev = gyro_x gyro_y_prev = gyro_y gyro_z_prev = gyro_z t_prev = time.time() # Print the current angles print("Roll:", roll) print("Pitch:", pitch) print("Yaw:", yaw) ``` 这个程序使用了一个基于加速度计和陀螺仪姿态估计方法,称为互补滤波器。该滤波器基于以下思想:加速度计可以测量设备的倾斜度,但由于加速度计受到重力的影响,无法测量设备的旋转;陀螺仪可以测量设备的旋转速度,但由于陀螺仪存在漂移,无法准确测量设备的度。因此,通过将加速度计测量的度和陀螺仪测量的速度结合起来,可以得到更准确的度估计。 滤波器的基本原理如下:设当前姿态为$\theta$,通过陀螺仪得到的速度为$\omega_1$,通过加速计得到的度为$\theta_{acc}$,则: $$\theta = K \cdot (\theta + \omega_1 \cdot \Delta t) + (1-K) \cdot \theta_{acc}$$ 其中$K$为滤波器参数,用于控制加速计和陀螺仪的权重。在本示例中,$K$取值为$0.1$。 此外,还需要进行一些微调,例如校准陀螺仪的偏移量和加速计的参考方向。校准方法可以参考传感器的数据手册。

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