C++中的生成器模式

目录

生成器模式（Builder Pattern）

实际应用

构建一辆汽车

构建一台计算机

构建一个房子

总结

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生成器模式（Builder Pattern）

生成器模式是一种创建型设计模式，它允许你分步骤创建复杂对象。与其他创建型模式不同的是，生成器模式允许你在一个过程中创建一个对象，而无需等待所有部分都准备好。这种模式特别适用于需要构造不同表示或状态的复杂对象时。

实际应用

1. 需要构造的对象包含多个部分，且需要分步骤创建。
2. 希望使用相同的创建过程来构造不同表示的对象。
3. 构造过程需要能够被隔离和独立变化。

构建一辆汽车

假设我们有一个`Car`类，它有很多可选属性，例如车的颜色、发动机类型、轮胎类型等等。

#include <iostream>
#include <string>

class Car {
public:
    std::string color;
    std::string engine;
    std::string tires;
    std::string interior;

    void show() {
        std::cout << "Car Details:\n"
                  << "Color: " << color << "\n"
                  << "Engine: " << engine << "\n"
                  << "Tires: " << tires << "\n"
                  << "Interior: " << interior << "\n";
    }
};

class CarBuilder {
private:
    Car car;
public:
    CarBuilder& setColor(const std::string& color) {
        car.color = color;
        return *this;
    }

    CarBuilder& setEngine(const std::string& engine) {
        car.engine = engine;
        return *this;
    }

    CarBuilder& setTires(const std::string& tires) {
        car.tires = tires;
        return *this;
    }

    CarBuilder& setInterior(const std::string& interior) {
        car.interior = interior;
        return *this;
    }

    Car build() {
        return car;
    }
};

int main() {
    CarBuilder builder;
    Car car = builder.setColor("Red")
                     .setEngine("V8")
                     .setTires("Sport")
                     .setInterior("Leather")
                     .build();

    car.show();
    return 0;
}

构建一台计算机

假设我们有一个`Computer`类，它有很多可选属性，例如CPU类型、RAM大小、存储类型和大小等等。

#include <iostream>
#include <string>

class Computer {
public:
    std::string cpu;
    int ram;
    std::string storageType;
    int storageSize;

    void show() {
        std::cout << "Computer Details:\n"
                  << "CPU: " << cpu << "\n"
                  << "RAM: " << ram << " GB\n"
                  << "Storage Type: " << storageType << "\n"
                  << "Storage Size: " << storageSize << " GB\n";
    }
};

class ComputerBuilder {
private:
    Computer computer;
public:
    ComputerBuilder& setCPU(const std::string& cpu) {
        computer.cpu = cpu;
        return *this;
    }

    ComputerBuilder& setRAM(int ram) {
        computer.ram = ram;
        return *this;
    }

    ComputerBuilder& setStorageType(const std::string& storageType) {
        computer.storageType = storageType;
        return *this;
    }

    ComputerBuilder& setStorageSize(int storageSize) {
        computer.storageSize = storageSize;
        return *this;
    }

    Computer build() {
        return computer;
    }
};

int main() {
    ComputerBuilder builder;
    Computer computer = builder.setCPU("Intel i9")
                                .setRAM(32)
                                .setStorageType("SSD")
                                .setStorageSize(1024)
                                .build();

    computer.show();
    return 0;
}

构建一个房子

假设我们有一个`House`类，它有很多可选属性，例如房间数量、楼层数量、花园是否存在、是否有车库等等。

#include <iostream>
#include <string>

class House {
public:
    int rooms;
    int floors;
    bool garden;
    bool garage;

    void show() {
        std::cout << "House Details:\n"
                  << "Rooms: " << rooms << "\n"
                  << "Floors: " << floors << "\n"
                  << "Garden: " << (garden ? "Yes" : "No") << "\n"
                  << "Garage: " << (garage ? "Yes" : "No") << "\n";
    }
};

class HouseBuilder {
private:
    House house;
public:
    HouseBuilder& setRooms(int rooms) {
        house.rooms = rooms;
        return *this;
    }

    HouseBuilder& setFloors(int floors) {
        house.floors = floors;
        return *this;
    }

    HouseBuilder& setGarden(bool garden) {
        house.garden = garden;
        return *this;
    }

    HouseBuilder& setGarage(bool garage) {
        house.garage = garage;
        return *this;
    }

    House build() {
        return house;
    }
};

int main() {
    HouseBuilder builder;
    House house = builder.setRooms(5)
                          .setFloors(2)
                          .setGarden(true)
                          .setGarage(true)
                          .build();

    house.show();
    return 0;
}

总结

每个生成器类负责设置对象的各个属性，并在最终构建出对象。