C++避免野指针

        C++使用new 一个指针后，用delete删除，如果是new []，那么用delete []删除，是的，大家都知道，但不要忘了，删除指针之后，还要给指针赋值NULL，避免误用了野指针。

int main(int argc, char* argv[])
{
	int *ip1;
	int i100 = 100;
	ip1 = new int;
	*ip1 = 100;
	cout << "*ip1 is: " << *ip1 << endl;
	cout << "ip1 is: " <<ip1 << endl;
	delete ip1;
	cout << "delete ip1" << endl;
	cout << "*ip1 is: " << *ip1 << endl;
	cout << "ip1 is: " <<ip1 << endl;
	ip1 = NULL;
	cout << "ip1 = NULL: " << endl;
	//cout << "*ip1 is: " << *ip1 << endl;  //ip1 = NULL,*ip已经不存在，不能再使用。
	cout << "ip1 is: " <<ip1 << endl;

	return 0;
}

如果重复删除一个非空指针，那是绝对危险的，系统会直接崩溃。

int main(int argc, char* argv[])
{
	int *ip1;
	int i100 = 100;
	ip1 = new int;
	*ip1 = 100;
	cout << "*ip1 is: " << *ip1 << endl;
	cout << "ip1 is: " <<ip1 << endl;
	delete ip1;
	cout << "delete ip1" << endl;
	cout << "*ip1 is: " << *ip1 << endl;
	cout << "ip1 is: " <<ip1 << endl;
	delete ip1; //重复删除一个非空指针，系统会直接崩溃的。
//	ip1 = NULL;
//	cout << "ip1 = NULL: " << endl;
//	cout << "*ip1 is: " << *ip1 << endl;  //ip1 = NULL,*ip已经不存在，不能再使用。
//	cout << "ip1 is: " <<ip1 << endl;

	return 0;
}

所以，要养成习惯，delete指针后马上将指针赋值为NULL，NULL指针是允许重复delete的。

int main(int argc, char* argv[])
{
	int *ip1;
	int i100 = 100;
	ip1 = new int;
	*ip1 = 100;
	cout << "*ip1 is: " << *ip1 << endl;
	cout << "ip1 is: " <<ip1 << endl;
	delete ip1;
	cout << "delete ip1" << endl;
	cout << "*ip1 is: " << *ip1 << endl;
	cout << "ip1 is: " <<ip1 << endl;
	ip1 = NULL;
	cout << "ip1 = NULL: " << endl;
	delete ip1; //NULL运行重复delete
	delete ip1;
	delete ip1;
//	cout << "*ip1 is: " << *ip1 << endl;  //ip1 = NULL,*ip已经不存在，不能再使用。
	cout << "ip1 is: " <<ip1 << endl;

	return 0;
}

所以，标准的安全的用法是delete指针前先进行非空判断。

int main(int argc, char* argv[])
{
	int *ip1;
	int i100 = 100;
	ip1 = new int;
	*ip1 = 100;
	cout << "*ip1 is: " << *ip1 << endl;
	cout << "ip1 is: " <<ip1 << endl;
	if(NULL != ip1)
	{
	    delete ip1;
	    cout << "delete ip1" << endl;
	    cout << "*ip1 is: " << *ip1 << endl;
    	cout << "ip1 is: " <<ip1 << endl;
	    ip1 = NULL;
	    cout << "ip1 = NULL: " << endl;
    //	cout << "*ip1 is: " << *ip1 << endl;  //ip1 = NULL,*ip已经不存在，不能再使用。
    	cout << "ip1 is: " <<ip1 << endl;
	}	

	return 0;
}

如果delete了一个指针，但是没有将它赋值为NULL，此时还误用解引用该指针（*ip1）时，系统不会崩溃，解出来的值是系统随机分配值；

但是如果delete了一个指针，且已将它赋值为NULL，此时还误用解引用该指针（*ip1）时，系统会崩溃，cout << "*ip1 is: " << *ip1 << endl; 。

最后，提醒下，如果指针指向了一个对象，而你想删除该指针，那是容易犯的低级错误，系统是会毫不留情的崩溃。

int main(int argc, char* argv[])
{

	int *ip1;
	int i100 = 100;
	ip1 = new int;
	ip1 = &i100;

	if(NULL != ip1)
	{
		delete ip1;  //ip1指向i100的地址，删除ip1就是要删除i100，是禁止的，系统也会直接崩溃。
		cout << "delete ip1" << endl;
		cout << "*ip1 is: " << *ip1 << endl;
		cout << "ip1 is: " <<ip1 << endl;
		ip1 = NULL;
		cout << "ip1 = NULL: " << endl;
		//  	cout << "*ip1 is: " << *ip1 << endl;  //ip1 = NULL,*ip已经不存在，不能再使用。
		cout << "ip1 is: " <<ip1 << endl;
	}

	return true;
}