R 点重合处理，坐标变换

绘制散点图时，经常会有点过分重合的情况，为了更好地进行可视化，可以使用以下方法进行改善。

一. 设置透明度

ggplot(aes(x = age, y = friend_count), data = pf) +
  geom_point(alpha = 1/20) +
  xlim(13, 90)

进行y轴 的变换，看得更清楚：

ggplot(aes(x = age, y = friend_count), data = pf) + 
  geom_point(alpha = 1/20) +
  xlim(13, 90) +
  coord_trans(y = "sqrt")

二. 设置抖动

ggplot(aes(x = age, y = friend_count), data = pf) +
  geom_jitter(alpha = 1/20) +
  xlim(13, 90)

The geom_jitter() is a convenient shortcut for geom_point(position = “jitter”).
It adds a small amount of random variation to the location of each point, and is a useful way of handling overplotting caused by discreteness in smaller datasets.
引用自ggplot2官网

进行y轴 进行开方变换，看得更清楚：

ggplot(aes(x = age, y = friend_count), data = pf) + 
  geom_point(alpha = 1/20, position = position_jitter(h = 0)) +
  xlim(13, 90) +
  coord_trans(y = "sqrt")

有的friend_count为0，jitter处理之后会有负数产生，再开方处理便会产生虚数，所以要设置position_jitter(h = 0))

附：没有经过任何处理的原始散点图

ggplot(aes(x = age, y = friend_count), data = pf) +
  geom_point() + 
  xlim(13, 90)