C++类包含构造、拷贝构造、析构、赋值

#include <iostream>
#include <string.h>
using namespace std;


class String
{
public:
    String(const char *str = NULL); // 普通构造函数
    String(const String &other); // 拷贝构造函数
    ~ String(void);     // 析构函数
    String & operator = (const String &other); // 赋值函数
private:
    char   *m_data;    // 用于保存字符串
};
// String 的普通构造函数
String::String(const char *str)
{
    if (str == NULL)
    {
        m_data = new char[1];
        *m_data = '\0';
        cout << "普通空构造" << endl;
    }
    else
    {
        int length = strlen(str);
        m_data = new char[length + 1];
        strcpy(m_data, str);
        cout << "普通初始化构造" << endl;
    }
}
// String 的析构函数
String::~String(void)
{
    delete[]m_data;//由于由于 m_data 是内部数据类型，也可以写成 delete m_data;
}

// 拷贝构造函数
String::String(const String&other)
{
    //允许操作other的私有成员m_data;
    int length = strlen(other.m_data);
    m_data = new char[length + 1];
    strcpy(m_data, other.m_data);
    cout << "拷贝构造" << endl;
}
//赋值函数
String&String::operator = (const String &other)
{
    //检查自赋值
    if (this == &other)
        return *this;
    //释放原有的内存资源
    delete[]m_data;
    //分配新的内存资源，并复制内容
    int length = strlen(other.m_data);
    m_data = new char[length + 1];
    strcpy(m_data, other.m_data);
    //返回本对象的引用
    cout << "赋值构造" << endl;
    return *this;
}
int main()
{
    String a;//构造
    char *str = "fdsgfd";
    String b(a);//拷贝构造
    String c;//构造
    c = a;//赋值
    String d = "abc";
    return 0;
}

#include <iostream>
#include <string.h>
using namespace std;

class A {
public:
    int* x;
    int y;
    A() = default;
    A (const A& a) {
        printf ("拷贝构造\n");
        this->x = a.x;
        this->y = a.y;
    }

    A& operator= (const A& a) {
        printf ("赋值构造\n");
        this->x = a.x;
        this->y = a.y;
    }
    A (int t) {
        x = new int (0);
        y = t;
        printf ("普通构造\n");
        printf ("address: %x, point: %x, value: %d\n", this, x, y);
    }
    ~A() {
        printf ("析构函数\n");
        printf ("delete %x\n", this);
    }
};

A f () {
    A ret (3);
    printf ("stack address: %x, point: %x, value: %d\n", &ret, ret.x, ret.y);
    return ret;
}

int main() {
    A a(1);
    A c = a;
    A d;
    d = a;
    printf ("global address: %x, point: %x, value: %d\n", &c, c.x, c.y);
    return 0;
}