几何应用知识点总结

这节主要就是背公式就完了。

平面曲线

F(x,y)=0
切线：$F_x(x_0,y_0)(x-x_0)+F_y(x_0,y_0)(y-y_0)=0$
法线：$F_y(x_0,y_0)(x-x_0)-F_x(x_0,y_0)(y-y_0)=0$

空间曲线

参数方程L:x=x(t),y=y(t),z=z(t),a<t<b
切线：$\frac{x-x_0}{x^{\prime }(t_0)}=\frac{y-y_0}{y^{\prime }(t_0)}=\frac{z-z_0}{z^{\prime }(t_0)}$
法平面方程:$x^{\prime }(t_0)(x-x_0)+y^{\prime }(t_0)(y-y_0)+z^{\prime }(t_0)(z-z_0)=0$

方程组F(x,y,z)=0,G(x,y,z)=0
切线方程：$\frac{x-x_0}{\frac{\partial (F,G)}{\partial (y,z)}{|}_{p_0}}=\frac{y-y_0}{\frac{\partial (F,G)}{\partial (z,x)}{|}_{p_0}}=\frac{z-z_0}{\frac{\partial (F,G)}{\partial (x,y)}{|}_{p_0}}$
法平面方程：$\frac{\partial (F,G)}{\partial (y,z)}{|}_{p_0}(x-x_0)+\frac{\partial (F,G)}{\partial (z,x)}{|}_{p_0}(y-y_0)+\frac{\partial (F,G)}{\partial (x,y)}{|}_{p_0}(z-z_0)=0$

注意顺序，缺了哪个，另两个一定是相邻的箭头

曲面

F(x,y,z)=0
切平面:$F_x(x_0,y_0,z_0)(x-x_0)+F_y(x_0,y_0,z_0)(y-y_0)+F_z(x_0,y_0,z_0)(z-z_0)=0$
切线:$\frac{x-x_0}{F_x(x_0,y_0,z_0)}=\frac{y-y_0}{F_y(x_0,y_0,z_0)}=\frac{z-z_0}{F_z(x_0,y_0,z_0)}$