STM32定时器&PWM应用编程

最新推荐文章于 2024-05-16 21:47:33 发布

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最新推荐文章于 2024-05-16 21:47:33 发布

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文章标签：单片机嵌入式硬件 stm32 c语言

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/Hahhhnxsm_/article/details/134170212

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一、STM32定时器

（一）简介

STM32定时器是一种重要的外设，可用于实现定时、计数、捕获、比较和脉宽调制（PWM）等功能。它由一个或多个计数器、预分频器和控制寄存器组成，通过配置这些寄存器来实现不同的定时和计数功能。

（二）基本类型

1、基本定时器

基本定时器是一个简单的定时器，通常用于生成精确的时间延迟。它具有单个16位计数器，可以通过设置预分频系数实现不同的计数速度。基本定时器通常用于简单的定时任务。

2、通用定时器

通用定时器是一种更为复杂和功能强大的定时器，通常用于更复杂的定时和计数任务。STM32系列微控制器通常配备了多个通用定时器，如TIM1、TIM2等。通用定时器具有多个16位或32位计数器，可以通过设置预分频系数和计数周期来实现不同的计数速度和定时精度。

（三）应用场景

•定时中断：可以使用定时器生成周期性的中断信号，用于定时任务的触发和处理。

•计时测量：可以使用定时器进行时间的测量和计算，如测量脉冲宽度、测量信号的频率等。

•PWM输出：可以使用定时器生成精确的脉宽调制信号，用于控制电机速度、LED亮度等。

•输入捕获：可以使用定时器进行外部信号的捕获，用于测量外部事件的时间戳。

二、STM32-PWM

（一）简介

STM32-PWM是STM32系列微控制器上的一种重要外设，用于生成脉宽调制（PWM）信号。脉宽调制技术在许多应用中都起着关键作用，如电机控制、LED亮度调节、音频处理等。STM32PWM模块提供了灵活的配置选项和高精度的PWM输出能力。

（二）工作原理

PWM是一种周期性的方波信号，通过调整方波的高电平时间（占空比）来控制输出信号的特性，PWM信号的频率和占空比可以根据应用需求进行配置。在STM32PWM模块中，通过设置定时器的计数周期和比较值，可以实现不同频率和占空比的PWM输出。

三、STM32CubeMX环境配置

（一）STM32定时器方式

1.SYS配置

2.RCC配置

3.GPIO配置

4.定时器配置

5.NVIC配置

6.Code generation配置

7.时钟配置

8.USART配置

9.Project配置

10.Code Generator设置

11.GENERATE CODE

（二）定时器PWM方式

其余配置均与定时器配置相同。

1.定时器配置

2.时钟配置

四、编写程序

（一）STM32定时器方式

使用STM32F103的 Tim2~Tim5其一定时器的某一个通道pin（与GPIOx管脚复用，见下图），连接一个LED，用定时器计数方式，控制LED以2s的频率周期性地亮-灭。

1.打开main.c，重写中断处理函数

/* USER CODE BEGIN 4 */
void HAL_TIM_PeriodElapsedCallback(TIM_HandleTypeDef *htim)
{
	static uint32_t time_cnt =0;
	static uint32_t time_cntck =0;
	if(htim->Instance == TIM2)
	{
		if(++time_cnt >= 400)
		{
			time_cnt =0;
			HAL_GPIO_TogglePin(GPIOA,GPIO_PIN_1);
		}
	}
	if(htim->Instance == TIM3)
	{
		if(++time_cntck >= 1000)
		{
			time_cntck =0;
    HAL_UART_Transmit(&huart1,hello,20,100000);
		}	
	}
}
/* USER CODE END 4 */

2.完整代码

/* USER CODE BEGIN Header */
/**
  ******************************************************************************
  * @file           : main.c
  * @brief          : Main program body
  ******************************************************************************
  * @attention
  *
  * Copyright (c) 2023 STMicroelectronics.
  * All rights reserved.
  *
  * This software is licensed under terms that can be found in the LICENSE file
  * in the root directory of this software component.
  * If no LICENSE file comes with this software, it is provided AS-IS.
  *
  ******************************************************************************
  */
/* USER CODE END Header */
/* Includes ------------------------------------------------------------------*/
#include "main.h"
#include "tim.h"
#include "usart.h"
#include "gpio.h"
 
/* Private includes ----------------------------------------------------------*/
/* USER CODE BEGIN Includes */
 
/* USER CODE END Includes */
 
/* Private typedef -----------------------------------------------------------*/
/* USER CODE BEGIN PTD */
 
/* USER CODE END PTD */
 
/* Private define ------------------------------------------------------------*/
/* USER CODE BEGIN PD */
 
/* USER CODE END PD */
 
/* Private macro -------------------------------------------------------------*/
/* USER CODE BEGIN PM */
 
/* USER CODE END PM */
 
/* Private variables ---------------------------------------------------------*/
 
/* USER CODE BEGIN PV */
 
/* USER CODE END PV */
 
/* Private function prototypes -----------------------------------------------*/
void SystemClock_Config(void);
static void MX_NVIC_Init(void);
/* USER CODE BEGIN PFP */
 
/* USER CODE END PFP */
 
/* Private user code ---------------------------------------------------------*/
/* USER CODE BEGIN 0 */
 
/* USER CODE END 0 */
 
/**
  * @brief  The application entry point.
  * @retval int
  */
  uint8_t hello[20]="hello windows!\r\n";
int main(void)
{
  /* USER CODE BEGIN 1 */
 
  /* USER CODE END 1 */
 
  /* MCU Configuration--------------------------------------------------------*/
 
  /* Reset of all peripherals, Initializes the Flash interface and the Systick. */
  HAL_Init();
 
  /* USER CODE BEGIN Init */
 
  /* USER CODE END Init */
 
  /* Configure the system clock */
  SystemClock_Config();
 
  /* USER CODE BEGIN SysInit */
 
  /* USER CODE END SysInit */
 
  /* Initialize all configured peripherals */
  MX_GPIO_Init();
  MX_TIM2_Init();
  MX_TIM3_Init();
  MX_USART1_UART_Init();
 
  /* Initialize interrupts */
  MX_NVIC_Init();
  HAL_TIM_Base_Start_IT(&htim2);
  HAL_TIM_Base_Start_IT(&htim3);
  /* USER CODE BEGIN 2 */
 
  /* USER CODE END 2 */
 
  /* Infinite loop */
  /* USER CODE BEGIN WHILE */
  while (1)
  {
    /* USER CODE END WHILE */
 
    /* USER CODE BEGIN 3 */
  }
  /* USER CODE END 3 */
}
 
/**
  * @brief System Clock Configuration
  * @retval None
  */
void SystemClock_Config(void)
{
  RCC_OscInitTypeDef RCC_OscInitStruct = {0};
  RCC_ClkInitTypeDef RCC_ClkInitStruct = {0};
 
  /** Initializes the RCC Oscillators according to the specified parameters
  * in the RCC_OscInitTypeDef structure.
  */
  RCC_OscInitStruct.OscillatorType = RCC_OSCILLATORTYPE_HSE;
  RCC_OscInitStruct.HSEState = RCC_HSE_ON;
  RCC_OscInitStruct.HSEPredivValue = RCC_HSE_PREDIV_DIV1;
  RCC_OscInitStruct.HSIState = RCC_HSI_ON;
  RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PLLState = RCC_PLL_ON;
  RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PLLSource = RCC_PLLSOURCE_HSE;
  RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PLLMUL = RCC_PLL_MUL2;
  if (HAL_RCC_OscConfig(&RCC_OscInitStruct) != HAL_OK)
  {
    Error_Handler();
  }
 
  /** Initializes the CPU, AHB and APB buses clocks
  */
  RCC_ClkInitStruct.ClockType = RCC_CLOCKTYPE_HCLK|RCC_CLOCKTYPE_SYSCLK
                              |RCC_CLOCKTYPE_PCLK1|RCC_CLOCKTYPE_PCLK2;
  RCC_ClkInitStruct.SYSCLKSource = RCC_SYSCLKSOURCE_PLLCLK;
  RCC_ClkInitStruct.AHBCLKDivider = RCC_SYSCLK_DIV1;
  RCC_ClkInitStruct.APB1CLKDivider = RCC_HCLK_DIV2;
  RCC_ClkInitStruct.APB2CLKDivider = RCC_HCLK_DIV1;
 
  if (HAL_RCC_ClockConfig(&RCC_ClkInitStruct, FLASH_LATENCY_2) != HAL_OK)
  {
    Error_Handler();
  }
}
 
/**
  * @brief NVIC Configuration.
  * @retval None
  */
static void MX_NVIC_Init(void)
{
  /* TIM2_IRQn interrupt configuration */
  HAL_NVIC_SetPriority(TIM2_IRQn, 0, 0);
  HAL_NVIC_EnableIRQ(TIM2_IRQn);
  /* TIM3_IRQn interrupt configuration */
  HAL_NVIC_SetPriority(TIM3_IRQn, 0, 0);
  HAL_NVIC_EnableIRQ(TIM3_IRQn);
}
 
/* USER CODE BEGIN 4 */
void HAL_TIM_PeriodElapsedCallback(TIM_HandleTypeDef *htim)
{
	static uint32_t time_cnt =0;
	static uint32_t time_cntck =0;
	if(htim->Instance == TIM2)
	{
		if(++time_cnt >= 400)
		{
			time_cnt =0;
			HAL_GPIO_TogglePin(GPIOA,GPIO_PIN_1);
		}
	}
	if(htim->Instance == TIM3)
	{
		if(++time_cntck >= 1000)
		{
			time_cntck =0;
    HAL_UART_Transmit(&huart1,hello,20,100000);
		}	
	}
}
/* USER CODE END 4 */
 
/* USER CODE END 4 */
 
/**
  * @brief  This function is executed in case of error occurrence.
  * @retval None
  */
void Error_Handler(void)
{
	
  /* USER CODE BEGIN Error_Handler_Debug */
  /* User can add his own implementation to report the HAL error return state */
  __disable_irq();
  while (1)
  {
  }
  /* USER CODE END Error_Handler_Debug */
}
 
#ifdef  USE_FULL_ASSERT
/**
  * @brief  Reports the name of the source file and the source line number
  *         where the assert_param error has occurred.
  * @param  file: pointer to the source file name
  * @param  line: assert_param error line source number
  * @retval None
  */
void assert_failed(uint8_t *file, uint32_t line)
{
  /* USER CODE BEGIN 6 */
  /* User can add his own implementation to report the file name and line number,
     ex: printf("Wrong parameters value: file %s on line %d\r\n", file, line) */
  /* USER CODE END 6 */
}
#endif /* USE_FULL_ASSERT */

3.实验结果

（1）烧录程序

（2）连接电路

（二）定时器PWM方式

采用定时器PWM模式，让 LED 以呼吸灯方式渐亮渐灭，周期为1~2秒，自己调整到一个满意效果。使用Keil虚拟示波器，观察 PWM输出波形。

1.在while循环中添加代码

 while (1)
  {
    /* USER CODE END WHILE */
 
    /* USER CODE BEGIN 3 */
		HAL_Delay(50);
		duty_num = duty_num + 15;
		if(duty_num > 500)
		{
			duty_num = 0;
		}
		__HAL_TIM_SetCompare(&htim2,TIM_CHANNEL_2,duty_num);
  }

2.完整代码

/* USER CODE BEGIN Header */
/**
  ******************************************************************************
  * @file           : main.c
  * @brief          : Main program body
  ******************************************************************************
  * @attention
  *
  * Copyright (c) 2023 STMicroelectronics.
  * All rights reserved.
  *
  * This software is licensed under terms that can be found in the LICENSE file
  * in the root directory of this software component.
  * If no LICENSE file comes with this software, it is provided AS-IS.
  *
  ******************************************************************************
  */
/* USER CODE END Header */
/* Includes ------------------------------------------------------------------*/
#include "main.h"
#include "tim.h"
#include "usart.h"
#include "gpio.h"
 
/* Private includes ----------------------------------------------------------*/
/* USER CODE BEGIN Includes */
 
/* USER CODE END Includes */
 
/* Private typedef -----------------------------------------------------------*/
/* USER CODE BEGIN PTD */
 
/* USER CODE END PTD */
 
/* Private define ------------------------------------------------------------*/
/* USER CODE BEGIN PD */
 
/* USER CODE END PD */
 
/* Private macro -------------------------------------------------------------*/
/* USER CODE BEGIN PM */
 
/* USER CODE END PM */
 
/* Private variables ---------------------------------------------------------*/
 
/* USER CODE BEGIN PV */
 
/* USER CODE END PV */
uint16_t duty_num=10;
/* Private function prototypes -----------------------------------------------*/
void SystemClock_Config(void);
static void MX_NVIC_Init(void);
/* USER CODE BEGIN PFP */
 
/* USER CODE END PFP */
 
/* Private user code ---------------------------------------------------------*/
/* USER CODE BEGIN 0 */
 
/* USER CODE END 0 */
 
/**
  * @brief  The application entry point.
  * @retval int
  */
int main(void)
{
  /* USER CODE BEGIN 1 */
 
  /* USER CODE END 1 */
 
  /* MCU Configuration--------------------------------------------------------*/
 
  /* Reset of all peripherals, Initializes the Flash interface and the Systick. */
  HAL_Init();
 
  /* USER CODE BEGIN Init */
 
  /* USER CODE END Init */
 
  /* Configure the system clock */
  SystemClock_Config();
 
  /* USER CODE BEGIN SysInit */
 
  /* USER CODE END SysInit */
 
  /* Initialize all configured peripherals */
  MX_GPIO_Init();
  MX_TIM2_Init();
  MX_USART1_UART_Init();
 
  /* Initialize interrupts */
  MX_NVIC_Init();
  /* USER CODE BEGIN 2 */
HAL_TIM_PWM_Start(&htim2,TIM_CHANNEL_2);
  /* USER CODE END 2 */
 
  /* Infinite loop */
  /* USER CODE BEGIN WHILE */
  while (1)
  { /* USER CODE BEGIN WHILE */
 
    /* USER CODE BEGIN 3 */
		HAL_Delay(50);
		duty_num = duty_num + 15;
		if(duty_num > 500)
		{
			duty_num = 0;
		}
		__HAL_TIM_SetCompare(&htim2,TIM_CHANNEL_2,duty_num);
  }
  /* USER CODE END 3 */
 
    /* USER CODE END WHILE */
 
    /* USER CODE BEGIN 3 */
  
  /* USER CODE END 3 */
}
 
/**
  * @brief System Clock Configuration
  * @retval None
  */
void SystemClock_Config(void)
{
  RCC_OscInitTypeDef RCC_OscInitStruct = {0};
  RCC_ClkInitTypeDef RCC_ClkInitStruct = {0};
 
  /** Initializes the RCC Oscillators according to the specified parameters
  * in the RCC_OscInitTypeDef structure.
  */
  RCC_OscInitStruct.OscillatorType = RCC_OSCILLATORTYPE_HSE;
  RCC_OscInitStruct.HSEState = RCC_HSE_ON;
  RCC_OscInitStruct.HSEPredivValue = RCC_HSE_PREDIV_DIV1;
  RCC_OscInitStruct.HSIState = RCC_HSI_ON;
  RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PLLState = RCC_PLL_ON;
  RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PLLSource = RCC_PLLSOURCE_HSE;
  RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PLLMUL = RCC_PLL_MUL9;
  if (HAL_RCC_OscConfig(&RCC_OscInitStruct) != HAL_OK)
  {
    Error_Handler();
  }
 
  /** Initializes the CPU, AHB and APB buses clocks
  */
  RCC_ClkInitStruct.ClockType = RCC_CLOCKTYPE_HCLK|RCC_CLOCKTYPE_SYSCLK
                              |RCC_CLOCKTYPE_PCLK1|RCC_CLOCKTYPE_PCLK2;
  RCC_ClkInitStruct.SYSCLKSource = RCC_SYSCLKSOURCE_PLLCLK;
  RCC_ClkInitStruct.AHBCLKDivider = RCC_SYSCLK_DIV1;
  RCC_ClkInitStruct.APB1CLKDivider = RCC_HCLK_DIV2;
  RCC_ClkInitStruct.APB2CLKDivider = RCC_HCLK_DIV1;
 
  if (HAL_RCC_ClockConfig(&RCC_ClkInitStruct, FLASH_LATENCY_2) != HAL_OK)
  {
    Error_Handler();
  }
}
 
/**
  * @brief NVIC Configuration.
  * @retval None
  */
static void MX_NVIC_Init(void)
{
  /* TIM2_IRQn interrupt configuration */
  HAL_NVIC_SetPriority(TIM2_IRQn, 0, 0);
  HAL_NVIC_EnableIRQ(TIM2_IRQn);
}
 
/* USER CODE BEGIN 4 */
 
/* USER CODE END 4 */
 
/**
  * @brief  This function is executed in case of error occurrence.
  * @retval None
  */
void Error_Handler(void)
{
  /* USER CODE BEGIN Error_Handler_Debug */
  /* User can add his own implementation to report the HAL error return state */
  __disable_irq();
  while (1)
  {
  }
  /* USER CODE END Error_Handler_Debug */
}
 
#ifdef  USE_FULL_ASSERT
/**
  * @brief  Reports the name of the source file and the source line number
  *         where the assert_param error has occurred.
  * @param  file: pointer to the source file name
  * @param  line: assert_param error line source number
  * @retval None
  */
void assert_failed(uint8_t *file, uint32_t line)
{
  /* USER CODE BEGIN 6 */
  /* User can add his own implementation to report the file name and line number,
     ex: printf("Wrong parameters value: file %s on line %d\r\n", file, line) */
  /* USER CODE END 6 */
}
#endif /* USE_FULL_ASSERT */

3.实验结果

（1）烧录程序

（2）连接电路

五、Keil观察波形

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STM32定时器&PWM应用编程

STM32定时器是一种重要的外设，可用于实现定时、计数、捕获、比较和脉宽调制（PWM）等功能。它由一个或多个计数器、预分频器和控制寄存器组成，通过配置这些寄存器来实现不同的定时和计数功能。STM32-PWM是STM32系列微控制器上的一种重要外设，用于生成脉宽调制（PWM）信号。脉宽调制技术在许多应用中都起着关键作用，如电机控制、LED亮度调节、音频处理等。STM32PWM模块提供了灵活的配置选项和高精度的PWM输出能力。
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