操作 | 语法 |
---|---|
选择列 | df['列名'] 或 df.列名 |
使用切片选择行 | df[5:10] |
按索引选择行 | df.loc[label] |
按数字索引选择行 | df.iloc[loc] |
用表达式筛选行 | df[bool_vec] |
数据选择,即按照一定的条件对数据进行筛选,通过Pandas提供的方法可以模拟Excel对数据的筛选操作,可灵活应对各种数据的查询需求
1.选择列
import pandas as pd
df = pd.DataFrame([['liver','E',89,21,24,64],
['Arry','C',36,37,37,57],
['Ack','A',57,60,18,84],
['Eorge','C',93,96,71,78],
['Oah','D',65,49,61,86]
],
columns = ['name','team','Q1','Q2','Q3','Q4'])
# 以下两种方法会返回'name'列的数据,得到的数据类型为Series
res1 = df['name']
res2 = df.name
res3 = df.Q1
type(res3) # pandas.core.series.Series
#--------------------------------------------------------------------
print(res1 == res2)
# 输出结果:
# 0 True
# 1 True
# 2 True
# 3 True
# 4 True
# Name: name, dtype: bool
#--------------------------------------------------------------------
df
res1
res2
res3
2.使用切片选择行(切片[])
我们可以像列表那样利用切片功能选择部分行的数据(索引值从0开始),但是不支持仅索引一条数据,需要注意的是,Pandas使用切片的逻辑与Python列表的逻辑一样,不包括右边的索引值
import pandas as pd
df = pd.DataFrame([['liver','E',89,21,24,64],
['Arry','C',36,37,37,57],
['Ack','A',57,60,18,84],
['Eorge','C',93,96,71,78],
['Oah','D',65,49,61,86]
],
columns = ['name','team','Q1','Q2','Q3','Q4'])
# 前两行数据
res1 = df[:2]
# 后两行数据
res2 = df[3:]
# 所有数据(不推荐)
res3 = df[:]
# 按步长取
res4 = df[:5:2]
# 反转顺序
res5 = df[::-1]
# 报错
res6 = df[2]
df
res1
res2
res3
res4
res5
如果切片里是一个列名组成的列表(形式: df[['列名','列名',...]]),则可以筛选出多列数据
import pandas as pd
df = pd.DataFrame([['liver','E',89,21,24,64],
['Arry','C',36,37,37,57],
['Ack','A',57,60,18,84],
['Eorge','C',93,96,71,78],
['Oah','D',65,49,61,86]
],
columns = ['name','team','Q1','Q2','Q3','Q4'])
# 筛选'name','team'两列数据
res = df[['name','team']]
# 需要区别的是,如果只有一列(格式: df[['列名']]),则会是一个DataFrame:
res1 = df[['name']]
type(res1) # pandas.core.frame.DataFrame
res2 = df['name']
type(res2) # pandas.core.series.Series
df
res
res1
res2
3.按索引选择行(按轴标签.loc)
loc: works on labels in the index
按轴标签.lochttps://blog.csdn.net/Hudas/article/details/123096447?spm=1001.2014.3001.5502
4.按数字索引选择行(按数字索引.iloc)
iloc: works on the positions in the index(so it only takes integers)
按数字索引.ilochttps://blog.csdn.net/Hudas/article/details/123096447?spm=1001.2014.3001.5502
5.用表达式筛选行
import pandas as pd
df = pd.DataFrame([['liver','E',89,21,24,64],
['Arry','C',36,37,37,57],
['Ack','A',57,60,18,84],
['Eorge','C',93,96,71,78],
['Oah','D',65,49,61,86]
],
columns = ['name','team','Q1','Q2','Q3','Q4'])
# Q1等于36
res1 = df[df['Q1'] == 36]
# Q1不等于36
res2 = df[~(df['Q1'] == 36)]
# 姓名为'Eorge'
res3 = df[df['name'] == 'Eorge']
# 筛选Q1大于Q2的行记录
res4 = df[df.Q1 > df.Q2]
df
res1
res2
res3
res4