深度学习笔记12_TensorFlow实现彩色图片分类

•   🍨 本文为🔗365天深度学习训练营 中的学习记录博客
• 🍖 原作者：K同学啊 | 接辅导、项目定制

一、我的环境

1.语言环境：Python 3.9

2.编译器：Pycharm

3.深度学习环境：TensorFlow 2.10.0

二、GPU设置

       若使用的是cpu则可忽略

import tensorflow as tf
gpus = tf.config.list_physical_devices("GPU")

if gpus:
    gpu0 = gpus[0] #如果有多个GPU，仅使用第0个GPU
    tf.config.experimental.set_memory_growth(gpu0, True) #设置GPU显存用量按需使用
    tf.config.set_visible_devices([gpu0],"GPU")

三、导入数据

import tensorflow as tf
from tensorflow.keras import datasets, layers, models
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

(train_images, train_labels), (test_images, test_labels) = datasets.cifar10.load_data()

四、归一化

归一化与标准化是特征缩放的两种形式，其作用是：

• 使不同量纲的特征处于同一数值量级，减少方差大的特征的影响，使模型更准确。
• 加快学习算法的收敛速度。

# 将像素的值标准化至0到1的区间内。
train_images, test_images = train_images / 255.0, test_images / 255.0

print(train_images.shape,test_images.shape,train_labels.shape,test_labels.shape)

 运行结果：

"""
输出：((50000, 32, 32, 3), (10000, 32, 32, 3), (50000, 1), (10000, 1))
"""

五、可视化图片

class_names = ['airplane', 'automobile', 'bird', 'cat', 'deer','dog', 'frog', 'horse', 'ship', 'truck']

plt.figure(figsize=(20,10))
for i in range(20):
    plt.subplot(5,10,i+1)
    plt.xticks([])
    plt.yticks([])
    plt.grid(False)
    plt.imshow(train_images[i], cmap=plt.cm.binary)
    plt.xlabel(class_names[train_labels[i][0]])
plt.show()

 运行结果：

​

六、构建CNN网络模型

model = models.Sequential([
    layers.Conv2D(32, (3, 3), activation='relu', input_shape=(32, 32, 3)), #卷积层1，卷积核3*3
    layers.MaxPooling2D((2, 2)),                   #池化层1，2*2采样
    layers.Conv2D(64, (3, 3), activation='relu'),  #卷积层2，卷积核3*3
    layers.MaxPooling2D((2, 2)),                   #池化层2，2*2采样
    layers.Conv2D(64, (3, 3), activation='relu'),  #卷积层3，卷积核3*3
    
    layers.Flatten(),                      #Flatten层，连接卷积层与全连接层
    layers.Dense(64, activation='relu'),   #全连接层，特征进一步提取
    layers.Dense(10)                       #输出层，输出预期结果
])

model.summary()  # 打印网络结构

_________________________________________________________________
 Layer (type)                Output Shape              Param #
=================================================================
 conv2d (Conv2D)             (None, 30, 30, 32)        896

 max_pooling2d (MaxPooling2D  (None, 15, 15, 32)       0
 )

 conv2d_1 (Conv2D)           (None, 13, 13, 64)        18496

 max_pooling2d_1 (MaxPooling  (None, 6, 6, 64)         0
 2D)

 conv2d_2 (Conv2D)           (None, 4, 4, 64)          36928

 flatten (Flatten)           (None, 1024)              0

 dense (Dense)               (None, 64)                65600

 dense_1 (Dense)             (None, 10)                650

=================================================================
Total params: 122,570
Trainable params: 122,570
Non-trainable params: 0
_________________________________________________________________

七、编译模型

model.compile(optimizer='adam',
              loss=tf.keras.losses.SparseCategoricalCrossentropy(from_logits=True),
              metrics=['accuracy'])

八、训练模型

history = model.fit(train_images, train_labels, epochs=10, 
                    validation_data=(test_images, test_labels))

1563/1563 [==============================] - 10s 3ms/step - loss: 1.5314 - accuracy: 0.4419 - val_loss: 1.2644 - val_accuracy: 0.5410
Epoch 2/10
1563/1563 [==============================] - 11s 7ms/step - loss: 1.1895 - accuracy: 0.5756 - val_loss: 1.0597 - val_accuracy: 0.6239
Epoch 3/10
1563/1563 [==============================] - 11s 7ms/step - loss: 1.0221 - accuracy: 0.6375 - val_loss: 0.9323 - val_accuracy: 0.6695
Epoch 4/10
1563/1563 [==============================] - 11s 7ms/step - loss: 0.9086 - accuracy: 0.6790 - val_loss: 0.8628 - val_accuracy: 0.7015
Epoch 5/10
1563/1563 [==============================] - 10s 7ms/step - loss: 0.8176 - accuracy: 0.7121 - val_loss: 0.8430 - val_accuracy: 0.7025
Epoch 6/10
1563/1563 [==============================] - 11s 7ms/step - loss: 0.7458 - accuracy: 0.7364 - val_loss: 0.8303 - val_accuracy: 0.7057
Epoch 7/10
1563/1563 [==============================] - 6s 4ms/step - loss: 0.6886 - accuracy: 0.7544 - val_loss: 0.8102 - val_accuracy: 0.7214
Epoch 8/10
1563/1563 [==============================] - 4s 2ms/step - loss: 0.6308 - accuracy: 0.7764 - val_loss: 0.7761 - val_accuracy: 0.7351
Epoch 9/10
1563/1563 [==============================] - 4s 3ms/step - loss: 0.5781 - accuracy: 0.7933 - val_loss: 0.7843 - val_accuracy: 0.7302
Epoch 10/10
1563/1563 [==============================] - 8s 5ms/step - loss: 0.5338 - accuracy: 0.8095 - val_loss: 0.7941 - val_accuracy: 0.7365
313/313 [==============================] - 1s 4ms/step

九、预测

​

plt.imshow(test_images[1])

运行结果：

​ 

import numpy as np

pre = model.predict(test_images)
print(class_names[np.argmax(pre[1])])

运行结果：

ship

十、模型评估

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

plt.plot(history.history['accuracy'], label='accuracy')
plt.plot(history.history['val_accuracy'], label = 'val_accuracy')
plt.xlabel('Epoch')
plt.ylabel('Accuracy')
plt.ylim([0.5, 1])
plt.legend(loc='lower right')
plt.show()

test_loss, test_acc = model.evaluate(test_images,  test_labels, verbose=2)

运行结果：

十一、总结

   本周通过学习TensorFlow实现彩色图片分类，更加了解该框架下构建CNN模型的使用，深入了解模型评估使用方法。

CIFAR-10简介

• CIFAR-10 是3 通道的彩色RGB 图像，而MNIST 是灰度图像。
• CIFAR-10 的图片尺寸为32 × 32 ， 而MNIST 的图片尺寸为28 × 28 ，比MNIST 稍大。
• 相比于手写字符，CIFAR-10含有的是现实世界中真实的物体，不仅噪声很大，而且物体的比例、特征都不尽相同，这为识别带来很大困难。直接的线性模型如Softmax 在CIFAR-10 上表现得很差。