ubuntu18.04安装，及python开发环境搭建

一  修改源

因为国外的源比较慢，所以有必要修改为国内的源。

（1）备份/etc/apt/sources.list

cp /etc/apt/sources.list /etc/apt/sources.list.bak

（2）修改源

vim /etc/apt/sources.list

如添加阿里源（文件中不能有除了以下内容的有效内容）：
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse

（3）最后执行如下命令更新源
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get upgrade

附，常用源：

##中科大源
deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse

##163源
deb http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse

##清华源
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse

二 中文输入法

搜狗输入法的配置：https://blog.csdn.net/fx_yzjy101/article/details/80243710

经验证，配置好fcitx后，必须重启才能在右上角显示“小键盘”标志，然后设置搜狗输入法。

三、安装jupyter-notebook

在ubuntu18.04要安装jupyter-notebook，当然前提是先安装python,然后按如下步骤安装jupyter-notebook,现在记录如下：

1.sudo apt-get update

2.sudo apt-get  upgrade

3.sudo apt-get install jupyter-notebook

4.配置jupter-notebook，

运行 sudo jupyter-notebook -generate-config --allow-root，自动生成~/.jupyter/jupyter-notebook-config.py

5. 用文本编辑器编辑刚才生成的配置文件jupyter-notebook-config.py,修改文件中如下参数

c.NotebookApp.notebook_dir = '/home/<当前用户>/work'

设置默认路径：（建议使用绝对路径，~在配置中代表默认工作区，如果不是第一次设置容易出错）

6.设置noteboook登录密码

c.NotebookApp.token='登陆密码'  如果设置为空'',则运行则不需要密码

7.修改远程访问配置

c.NotebookApp.ip = '*'   这个‘*'就表示任何IP可以访问该jupyter服务’

c.NotebookApp.port=8888 .默认为8888

8.开启jupyter-notebook服务

sudo jupyter-notebook --allow-root

9在浏览器就可以通过本机ip和设置的port就可以正常访问jupyter-notebook操作python

 

安装JDK8

jdk下载链接：https://www.oracle.com/technetwork/java/javase/downloads/jdk8-downloads-2133151.html

1、勾选license，然后下载；

2、打开终端，解压 tar -zxvf jdk-8u201-linux-x64.tar.gz

3、移动加压后的文件夹到制定文件夹，如：mv jdk1.8.0_202  /home/leo/software

4、配置环境变量：sudo vim /etc/profile

5、使配置立即生效：source /etc/profile

6、检查安装是否成功：java --version