目录
1. 回调函数
回调函数就是一个通过函数指针调用的函数
函数的指针(地址)作为参数传递给另一个函数后,当这个指针被用来调用其所指向的函数时,被调用的函数就是回调函数,并且不是由该函数直接调用,而是在特定的事件或条件发生时间接调用
通过一个例子(转移表)来呈现回调函数的功能:
//使用回调函数改造前
#include <stdio.h>
int add(int a, int b)
{
return a + b;
}
int sub(int a, int b)
{
return a - b;
}
int mul(int a, int b)
{
return a * b;
}
int div(int a, int b)
{
return a / b;
}
int main()
{
int x, y;
int input = 1;
int ret = 0;
do
{
printf("*************************\n");
printf(" 1:add 2:sub \n");
printf(" 3:mul 4:div \n");
printf(" 0:exit \n");
printf("*************************\n");
printf("请选择:");
scanf("%d", &input);
switch (input)
{
case 1:
printf("输入操作数:");
scanf("%d %d", &x, &y)
ret = add(x, y);
printf("ret = %d\n", r
break;
case 2:
printf("输入操作数:");
scanf("%d %d", &x, &y)
ret = sub(x, y);
printf("ret = %d\n", r
break;
case 3:
printf("输入操作数:");
scanf("%d %d", &x, &y)
ret = mul(x, y);
printf("ret = %d\n", r
break;
case 4:
printf("输入操作数:");
scanf("%d %d", &x, &y)
ret = div(x, y);
printf("ret = %d\n", r
break;
case 0:
printf("退出程序\n");
break;
default:
printf("选择错误\n");
break;
}
} while (input);
return 0;
}
//使用回到函数改造后
#include <stdio.h>
int add(int a, int b)
{
return a + b;
}
int sub(int a, int b)
{
return a - b;
}
int mul(int a, int b)
{
return a * b;
}
int div(int a, int b)
{
return a / b;
}
void calc(int(*pf)(int, int))
{
int ret = 0;
int x, y;
printf("输入操作数:");
scanf("%d %d", &x, &y);
ret = pf(x, y);
printf("ret = %d\n", ret);
}
int main()
{
int input = 1;
do
{
printf("*************************\n");
printf(" 1:add 2:sub \n");
printf(" 3:mul 4:div \n");
printf(" 0:exit \n");
printf("*************************\n");
printf("请选择:");
scanf("%d", &input);
switch (input)
{
case 1:
calc(add);
break;
case 2:
calc(sub);
break;
case 3:
calc(mul);
break;
case 4:
calc(div);
break;
case 0:
printf("退出程序\n");
break;
default:
printf("选择错误\n");
break;
}
} while (input);
return 0;
}
2. qsort使用举例
1)排序整型数据
#include <stdio.h>
//qosrt函数的使用者得实现一个比较函数
int int_cmp(const void * p1, const void * p2)
{
return (*( int *)p1 - *(int *) p2);
}
int main()
{
int arr[] = { 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 2, 4, 6, 8, 0 };
int i = 0;
qsort(arr, sizeof(arr) / sizeof(arr[0]), sizeof (int), int_cmp);
for (i = 0; i< sizeof(arr) / sizeof(arr[0]); i++)
{
printf( "%d ", arr[i]);
}
printf("\n");
return 0;
}
2)排序结构数据
struct Stu //学生
{
char name[20];//名字
int age;//年龄
};
//假设按照年龄来比较
int cmp_stu_by_age(const void* e1, const void* e2)
{
return ((struct Stu*)e1)->age - ((struct Stu*)e2)->age;
}
//strcmp - 是库函数,是专门用来比较两个字符串的大小的
//假设按照名字来比较
int cmp_stu_by_name(const void* e1, const void* e2)
{
return strcmp(((struct Stu*)e1)->name, ((struct Stu*)e2)->name);
}
//按照年龄来排序
void test2()
{
struct Stu s[] = { {"zhangsan", 20}, {"lisi", 30}, {"wangwu", 15} };
int sz = sizeof(s) / sizeof(s[0]);
qsort(s, sz, sizeof(s[0]), cmp_stu_by_age);
}
//按照名字来排序
void test3()
{
struct Stu s[] = { {"zhangsan", 20}, {"lisi", 30}, {"wangwu", 15} };
int sz = sizeof(s) / sizeof(s[0]);
qsort(s, sz, sizeof(s[0]), cmp_stu_by_name);
}
//void qsort (void* base, size_t num, size_t size, int (*compar)(const void*,const void*));
int main()
{
test2();
test3();
return 0;
}
3. qsort函数的模拟实现(冒泡)
#include <stdio.h>
int int_cmp(const void * p1, const void * p2)
{
return (*( int *)p1 - *(int *) p2);//强制类型转换 int* 一次访问4个字节
}
void _swap(void *p1, void * p2, int size)
{
int i = 0;
for (i = 0; i< size; i++)
{
char tmp = *((char *)p1 + i);//每次交换1字节 交换size字节
*(( char *)p1 + i) = *((char *) p2 + i);
*(( char *)p2 + i) = tmp;
}
}
void bubble(void *base, int count , int size, int(*cmp )(void *, void *))
{
int i = 0;
int j = 0;
for (i = 0; i< count - 1; i++)
{
for (j = 0; j<count-i-1; j++) //(char *) base + j*size 访问base往后 j*size 字节
{
if (cmp ((char *) base + j*size , (char *)base + (j + 1)*size) > 0)
{
_swap(( char *)base + j*size, (char *)base + (j + 1)*size, size);
}
}
}
}
int main()
{
int arr[] = { 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 2, 4, 6, 8, 0 };
int i = 0;
bubble(arr, sizeof(arr) / sizeof(arr[0]), sizeof (int), int_cmp);
for (i = 0; i< sizeof(arr) / sizeof(arr[0]); i++)
{
printf( "%d ", arr[i]);
}
printf("\n");
return 0;
}
谢谢观看