Kotlin中常用的设计模式整理

Kotlin 中设计模式有很多种写法，各有个的好处，这里不是统一

工厂模式

Kotlin 中 object 是天生的单例，同时通过伴生对象的语法来创建。，伴生对象也支持扩展函数。

interface Computer {
    val cpu: String

    //增加Factory名字
    companion object Factory {
        operator fun invoke(type: ComputerType): Computer {
            return when (type) {
                ComputerType.PC -> PC()
                ComputerType.SERVER -> Server()
            }
        }
    }
}

class PC(override val cpu: String = "Core") : Computer
class Server(override val cpu: String = "Xeon") : Computer

enum class ComputerType {
    PC, SERVER
}

//调用
fun main(args: Array<String>) {
    Computer.Factory(ComputerType.PC)
}

内联函数的一大特征是可以获取具体的参数类型，实现在抽象工厂上，可以创建一个泛型类对象。

abstract class AbstractFactory {
    abstract fun produce(): Computer

    companion object {
        //普通，调用方式
//        val abstractFactory = AbstractFactory(DellFartory())
//        val produce = abstractFactory.produce()
        operator fun invoke(factory: AbstractFactory): AbstractFactory {
            return factory
        }

        //简化，调用方式
//        val abstractFactory = AbstractFactory<Dell>()
//        val produce = abstractFactory.produce()
        inline operator fun <reified T : Computer> invoke(): AbstractFactory = when (T::class) {
            Dell::class -> DellFartory()
            Asus::class -> AsusFartory()
            Acer::class -> AcerFartory()
            else -> throw IllegalAccessException()
        }
    }
}

构建者模式

Kotlin 中可选参数完全可以替代 Java 的 build 模式，可以利用类的原生特性来规避构造参数过长问题，重点是可以利用 require 方法对参数的值进行约束。

//解决Java构建者模式代码过长
//    Robot(code = "007")
class Robot(
    val code: String,
    val battery: String? = null,
    val height: Int? = null,
    val weight: Int? = null
) {
    init {
        //解决Java构建者模式 build() 判断
        require(weight == null || battery == null) {
            "weight and battery is not null"
        }
    }
}

观察者模式

Kotlin 标准库支持 observable 委托属性，比 Java 更加灵活

import kotlin.properties.Delegates
import kotlin.reflect.KProperty

class StockUpdate {
    val listeners = mutableListOf<StockUpdateListener>()

    //委托属性的元数据 KProperty 对象、旧值、新值
    var price: Int by Delegates.observable(0) { property, oldValue, newValue ->
        listeners.forEach {
            if (newValue != oldValue) {
                it.onRise(price)
            } else {
                it.onFall(price)
            }
        }
    }
}

class StockDisplay : StockUpdateListener {
    override fun onRise(price: Int) {
        TODO("not implemented") //To change body of created functions use File | Settings | File Templates.
    }

    override fun onFall(price: Int) {
        TODO("not implemented") //To change body of created functions use File | Settings | File Templates.
    }
}

interface StockUpdateListener {
    fun onRise(price: Int)
    fun onFall(price: Int)
}

//源码
    public inline fun <T> observable(initialValue: T, crossinline onChange: (property: KProperty<*>, oldValue: T, newValue: T) -> Unit):
            ReadWriteProperty<Any?, T> =
        object : ObservableProperty<T>(initialValue) {
            override fun afterChange(property: KProperty<*>, oldValue: T, newValue: T) = onChange(property, oldValue, newValue)
        }

策略模式

高阶函数的简化版，抽象算法。

class Swimmer(val swimming: () -> Unit) {
    fun swim() {
        swimming()
    }
}

fun a1() {
}

fun a2() {
}

fun main(args: Array<String>) {
    val swimmer = Swimmer(::a1)
    swimmer.swim()
    val swimmer2 = Swimmer(::a2)
    swimmer2.swim()
}

模板方法模式

高阶函数的简化版，替代继承实现。

//高阶函数代替继承
class CivicCenterTask {
    fun execute(askForHelp: () -> Unit) {
        this.lineUp()
        askForHelp()
        this.evaluate()
    }

    private fun lineUp() {
    }

    private fun evaluate() {
    }
}

fun pullSocialSecurity() {
}

fun main(args: Array<String>) {
    val civicCenterTask = CivicCenterTask()
    civicCenterTask.execute(::pullSocialSecurity)
}

迭代器模式

data class Bc(val name: String)
class Bd(val bcs: List<Bc>) {
    operator fun iterator(): Iterator<Bc> = this.bcs.iterator()
}

fun main(args: Array<String>) {
    //便捷遍历
    val bd = Bd(listOf())
    for (bc in bd) {
        println(bc)
    }
}

责任链模式

基于偏函数的责任链模式语法，通过中缀表达式的形式，结合 orElse 方法

/*
声明类对象时需要接受两个构造参数，其中 definetAt 为校验函数， f 为处理函数
当 PartialFunction 类对象执行 invoke 方法时，definetAt 会输入参数 p1 进行有效校验
如果校验结果通过，则执行 f 函数，同时将 p1 作为参数传毒给它，反之抛出异常
 */
class PartialFunction<in P1, out R>(
    private val definetAt: (P1) -> Boolean,
    private val f: (P1) -> R
) : (P1) -> R {
    override fun invoke(p1: P1): R {
        if (definetAt(p1)) {
            return f(p1)
        } else {
            throw IllegalAccessException()
        }
    }

    fun isDefinedAt(p1: P1) = definetAt(p1)
}

/**
 * orElse 方法种可以传入另一个 PartialFunction 类对象 that，它也就是责任链模式中的后继者
 * infix 关键字让 orElse 成为一个中缀函数，从而让责任链调用的语法变得更加直观
 */
infix fun <P1, R> PartialFunction<P1, R>.orElse(that: PartialFunction<P1, R>): PartialFunction<P1, R> {
    return PartialFunction({
        this.isDefinedAt(it) || that.isDefinedAt(it)
    }) {
        when {
            this.isDefinedAt(it) -> this(it)
            else -> that(it)
        }
    }
}

data class ApplyEvent(val money: Int, val title: String)

val groupLeader = {
    val definetAt: (ApplyEvent) -> Boolean = { it.money <= 200 }
    val handler: (ApplyEvent) -> Unit = { println(" groupLeader ... ") }
    PartialFunction(definetAt, handler)
}()

val president = {
    val definetAt: (ApplyEvent) -> Boolean = { it.money <= 500 }
    val handler: (ApplyEvent) -> Unit = { println(" president ... ") }
    PartialFunction(definetAt, handler)
}()

val college = {
    val definetAt: (ApplyEvent) -> Boolean = { true }
    val handler: (ApplyEvent) -> Unit = { println(" college ... ") }
    PartialFunction(definetAt, handler)
}()

fun main(args: Array<String>) {

    val appChain = groupLeader orElse president orElse college
}

装饰着模式

依靠类委托的语法实现。

interface MacBook {
    fun getCost(): Int
}

class MacBookPro : MacBook {
    override fun getCost(): Int = 10
}

class ProcessorUpgradeMacbookPor(val macBook: MacBook) : MacBook by macBook {
    override fun getCost(): Int = macBook.getCost() + 20
}

fun main(args: Array<String>) {
    var macBookPro = MacBookPro()
    var processorUpgradeMacbookPor = ProcessorUpgradeMacbookPor(macBookPro)
    processorUpgradeMacbookPor.getCost()
}