定义一个使用引用计数的类

 行为像值的类

行为像指针的类

class HasPtr {
public:
    HasPtr(const string& s = string()):ps(new string(s)),i(0),use(new size_t(1)){}
    HasPtr(const HasPtr& p) : ps(p.ps), i(p.i), use(p.use) { ++* use; }
    HasPtr& operator=(const HasPtr&);
    HasPtr& operator=(const string&);
    string& operator*() { return *ps; }
    ~HasPtr() { if (--*use == 0) { delete ps; delete use; } }
private:
    string* ps;//指向ps的内容
    int i;
    size_t* use;//用来记录有多少个对象共享*ps对象
};
HasPtr& HasPtr::operator=(const HasPtr&rhs) {
    if (this == &rhs) {
        return *this;
    }
    ++* rhs.use;
    if (-- * use == 0) {
        delete ps;
        delete use;
    }
    ps = rhs.ps;
    i = rhs.i;
    use = rhs.use;
    return *this;
}
HasPtr& HasPtr::operator=(const string& s) {
    *ps = s;
    return *this;
}
int main() {

    HasPtr h("hi mom");
    HasPtr h2 = h;
    h = "hi dad!";
    cout << "h: " << *h << endl;
    cout << "h2: " << *h2 << endl;
}

 

 

课后习题那个还真的比较难

 

 

Message的设计

#include<vector>
#include<string>
#include<set>
class Message {
	friend class Folder;
public:
	explicit Message(const std::string & str = ""): contents(str){}

	//拷贝控制成员
	Message(const Message&);
	Message& operator=(const Message&);
	~Message();

	//从给定Folder集合中添加/删除本Message
	void save(Folder&);
	void remove(Folder&);
private:
	std::string contents; //实际的消息文本
	std::set<Folder*> folder; //包含本Message的Folder

	//拷贝构造函数，拷贝复制函数，和析构函数所使用的工具函数
	//将本Message给添加到指向参数的Folder
	void add_to_Folder(const Message&);
	//从folders中的每个Folder中的删除本Message
	void remove_from_Folders();
};
void Message::save(Folder& f) {
	folder.insert(&f);
	f.addMsg(this);
}
void Message::remove(Folder& f) {
	folder.remove(&f);
	f.remMsg(this);
}

void  Message::add_to_Folder(const Message&m){
	for (auto f : m.folder) {
		f->addMsg(this);
	}
}
Message::Message(const Message& m) : contents(m.contents),folder(m.folder){
	add_to_Folder(m);
}
void  Message::remove_from_Folders(){
	for (auto f : folder) {
		f->remMsg(this);
	}
}
Message::~Message() {
	remove_from_Folders();
}
Message& Message::operator=(const Message& rhs) {
	remove_from_Folders();
	contents = rhs.contents;
	folder = rhs.folder;
	add_to_Folder(rhs);
	return *this;
}