数据结构——栈

栈（stack）又名堆栈，它是一种运算受限的线性表。限定仅在表尾进行插入和删除操作的线性表。这一端被称为栈顶，相对地，把另一端称为栈底。向一个栈插入新元素又称作进栈、入栈或压栈，它是把新元素放到栈顶元素的上面，使之成为新的栈顶元素；从一个栈删除元素又称作出栈或退栈，它是把栈顶元素删除掉，使其相邻的元素成为新的栈顶元素。

 

先附上老师的代码

#include <stdio.h>
#include <malloc.h>

#define STACK_MAX_SIZE 10

/**
 * Linear stack of integers. The key is data.
 */
typedef struct CharStack {
    int top;

    int data[STACK_MAX_SIZE]; //The maximum length is fixed.
} *CharStackPtr;

/**
 * Output the stack.
 */
void outputStack(CharStackPtr paraStack) {
    for (int i = 0; i <= paraStack->top; i ++) {
        printf("%c ", paraStack->data[i]);
    }// Of for i
    printf("\r\n");
}// Of outputStack

/**
 * Initialize an empty char stack. No error checking for this function.
 * @param paraStackPtr The pointer to the stack. It must be a pointer to change the stack.
 * @param paraValues An int array storing all elements.
 */
CharStackPtr charStackInit() {
	CharStackPtr resultPtr = (CharStackPtr)malloc(sizeof(CharStack));
	resultPtr->top = -1;

	return resultPtr;
}//Of charStackInit

/**
 * Push an element to the stack.
 * @param paraValue The value to be pushed.
 */
void push(CharStackPtr paraStackPtr, int paraValue) {
    // Step 1. Space check.
    if (paraStackPtr->top >= STACK_MAX_SIZE - 1) {
        printf("Cannot push element: stack full.\r\n");
        return;
    }//Of if

    // Step 2. Update the top.
	paraStackPtr->top ++;

	// Step 3. Push element.
    paraStackPtr->data[paraStackPtr->top] = paraValue;
}// Of push

/**
 * Pop an element from the stack.
 * @return The poped value.
 */
char pop(CharStackPtr paraStackPtr) {
    // Step 1. Space check.
    if (paraStackPtr->top < 0) {
        printf("Cannot pop element: stack empty.\r\n");
        return '\0';
    }//Of if

    // Step 2. Update the top.
	paraStackPtr->top --;

	// Step 3. Push element.
    return paraStackPtr->data[paraStackPtr->top + 1];
}// Of pop

/**
 * Test the push function.
 */
void pushPopTest() {
    printf("---- pushPopTest begins. ----\r\n");

	// Initialize.
    CharStackPtr tempStack = charStackInit();
    printf("After initialization, the stack is: ");
	outputStack(tempStack);

	// Pop.
	for (char ch = 'a'; ch < 'm'; ch ++) {
		printf("Pushing %c.\r\n", ch);
		push(tempStack, ch);
		outputStack(tempStack);
	}//Of for i

	// Pop.
	for (int i = 0; i < 3; i ++) {
		ch = pop(tempStack);
		printf("Pop %c.\r\n", ch);
		outputStack(tempStack);
	}//Of for i

    printf("---- pushPopTest ends. ----\r\n");
}// Of pushPopTest

/**
 The entrance.
 */
void main() {
	pushPopTest();
}// Of main

运行结果

---- pushPopTest begins. ----
After initialization, the stack is:
Pushing a.
a
Pushing b.
a b
Pushing c.
a b c
Pushing d.
a b c d
Pushing e.
a b c d e
Pushing f.
a b c d e f
Pushing g.
a b c d e f g
Pushing h.
a b c d e f g h
Pushing i.
a b c d e f g h i
Pushing j.
a b c d e f g h i j
Pushing k.
Cannot push element: stack full.
a b c d e f g h i j
Pushing l.
Cannot push element: stack full.
a b c d e f g h i j
Pop j.
a b c d e f g h i
Pop i.
a b c d e f g h
Pop h.
a b c d e f g
---- pushPopTest ends. ----
Press any key to continue

 我的代码

#include<bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;

#define MaxSize 100 //定义栈中元素的最大个数
typedef struct SqStack{
    int data[MaxSize]; //存放栈中的元素
    int top; //栈顶指针
}SqStack;

//初始化
void InitStack(SqStack &S){
    S.top = -1;
}

//判栈空
bool Empty(SqStack S){
    if(S.top == -1){
        return true;
    }else{
        return false;
    }
}

//入栈
void Push(SqStack &S, int x){
    if(S.top == MaxSize-1){
        cout<<"栈满"<<endl;
        return;
    }
    S.data[++S.top] = x;
}

//出栈
void Pop(SqStack &S, int &x){
    if(S.top == -1){
        cout<<"栈空"<<endl;
        return;
    }
    x = S.data[S.top--];
}

//读栈顶元素
int GetTop(SqStack S){
    if(S.top == -1){
        cout<<"栈空"<<endl;
        return -1;
    }else{
        return S.data[S.top];
    }
}

//遍历栈
void PrintStack(SqStack S){
    while(S.top != -1){
        cout<<S.data[S.top--]<<" ";
    }
    cout<<endl;
}

//销毁栈
void DestroyStack(SqStack &S){
    S.top = -1;
}

int main(){
    SqStack S;
    InitStack(S);
    Push(S,1);//入栈
    Push(S,2);
    Push(S,3);
    Push(S,4);
    cout<<"栈顶元素为："<<GetTop(S)<<endl;
    cout<<"出栈顺序为：";
    PrintStack(S);
    int x;
    Pop(S,x);
    cout<<x<<"出栈"<<endl;
    cout<<"栈中剩余元素：";
    PrintStack(S);
    Pop(S,x);
    cout<<x<<"出栈"<<endl;
    cout<<"栈中剩余元素：";
    PrintStack(S);
    if(!Empty(S)){
        cout<<"当前栈不为空"<<endl;
    }else{
        cout<<"当前栈为空"<<endl;
    }
    return 0;
}

运行结果

栈顶元素为：4
出栈顺序为：4 3 2 1
4出栈
栈中剩余元素：3 2 1
3出栈
栈中剩余元素：2 1
当前栈不为空