题目
∫ 0 + ∞ e − x ( ∣ sin x ∣ + ∣ cos x ∣ ) d x = _ _ _ _ _ _ . \int_0^{{\rm{ + }}\infty } {{e^{ - x}}(\left| {\sin x} \right| + \left| {\cos x} \right|)dx = \_\_\_\_\_\_.} ∫0+∞e−x(∣sinx∣+∣cosx∣)dx=______.
来源
证明
令 I = ∫ 0 + ∞ e − x ( ∣ sin x ∣ + ∣ cos x ∣ ) d x , I = \int_0^{{\rm{ + }}\infty } {{e^{ - x}}(\left| {\sin x} \right| + \left| {\cos x} \right|)dx}, I=∫0+∞e−x(∣sinx∣+∣cosx∣)dx, I I I分为两部分求解， I 1 = ∫ 0 + ∞ e − x ∣ sin x ∣ d x , {I_1} = \int_0^{{\rm{ + }}\infty } {{e^{ - x}}\left| {\sin x} \right|dx}, I1=∫0+∞e−x∣sinx∣dx, I 2 = ∫ 0 + ∞ e − x ∣ cos x ∣ d x , {I_2} = \int_0^{{\rm{ + }}\infty } {{e^{ - x}}\left| {\cos x} \right|dx} , I2=∫0+∞e−x∣cosx∣dx,
方法一
I 1 = ∫ 0 + ∞ e − x ∣ sin x ∣ d x = ∑ k = 0 ∞ ∫ k π ( k + 1 ) π e − x ∣ sin x ∣ d x = ∑ k = 0 ∞ ∫ 0 π e − ( x + k π ) ∣ sin ( x + k π ) ∣ d x = ∑ k = 0 ∞ e − k π ∫ 0 π e − x sin x d x = 1 2 ⋅ 1 + e − π 1 − e − π {I_1} = \int_0^{{\rm{ + }}\infty } {{e^{ - x}}\left| {\sin x} \right|dx} {\rm{ = }}\sum\limits_{k = 0}^\infty {\int_{k\pi }^{(k + 1)\pi } {{e^{ - x}}\left| {\sin x} \right|dx} } = \sum\limits_{k = 0}^\infty {\int_0^\pi {{e^{ - (x + k\pi )}}\left| {\sin (x + k\pi )} \right|dx} } = \sum\limits_{k = 0}^\infty {{e^{ - k\pi }}\int_0^\pi {{e^{ - x}}\sin xdx} } = {1 \over 2} \cdot {{1 + {e^{ - \pi }}} \over {1 - {e^{ - \pi }}}} I1=∫0+∞e−x∣sinx∣dx=k=0∑∞∫kπ(k+1)πe−x∣sinx∣dx=k=0∑∞∫0πe−(x+kπ)∣sin(x+kπ)∣dx=k=0∑∞e−kπ∫0πe−xsinxdx=21⋅1−e−π1+e−π
∫ 0 π e − x sin x d x \int_0^\pi {{e^{ - x}}\sin xdx} ∫0πe−xsinxdx利用分部积分求解，具体过程自行计算。
I 2 = ∫ 0 + ∞ e − x ∣ cos x ∣ d x = ∑ k = 0 ∞ ∫ k π ( k + 1 ) π e − x ∣ cos x ∣ d x = ∑ k = 0 ∞ ∫ 0 π e − ( x + k π ) ∣ cos ( x + k π ) ∣ d x = ∑ k = 0 ∞ e − k π ∫ 0 π e − x ∣ cos x ∣ d x = 1 1 − e − π ⋅ ( 1 e π 2 + 1 2 − 1 2 e π ) {I_2} = \int_0^{{\rm{ + }}\infty } {{e^{ - x}}\left| {\cos x} \right|dx} {\rm{ = }}\sum\limits_{k = 0}^\infty {\int_{k\pi }^{(k + 1)\pi } {{e^{ - x}}\left| {\cos x} \right|dx} } = \sum\limits_{k = 0}^\infty {\int_0^\pi {{e^{ - (x + k\pi )}}\left| {\cos (x + k\pi )} \right|dx} } = \sum\limits_{k = 0}^\infty {{e^{ - k\pi }}\int_0^\pi {{e^{ - x}}\left| {\cos x} \right|dx} } = {1 \over {1 - {e^{ - \pi }}}} \cdot \left( {{1 \over {{e^{{\pi \over 2}}}}} + {1 \over 2} - {1 \over {2{e^\pi }}}} \right) I2=∫0+∞e−x∣cosx∣dx=k=0∑∞∫kπ(k+1)πe−x∣cosx∣dx=k=0∑∞∫0πe−(x+kπ)∣cos(x+kπ)∣dx=k=0∑∞e−kπ∫0πe−x∣cosx∣dx=1−e−π1⋅(e2π1+21−2eπ1)
∫ 0 π e − x ∣ cos x ∣ d x = ∫ 0 π 2 e − x cos x d x − ∫ π 2 π e − x cos x d x = 1 e π 2 + 1 2 − 1 2 e π \int_0^\pi {{e^{ - x}}\left| {\cos x} \right|dx} = \int_0^{{\pi \over 2}} {{e^{ - x}}\cos xdx} - \int_{{\pi \over 2}}^\pi {{e^{ - x}}\cos xdx} = {1 \over {{e^{{\pi \over 2}}}}} + {1 \over 2} - {1 \over {2{e^\pi }}} ∫0πe−x∣cosx∣dx=∫02πe−xcosxdx−∫2ππe−xcosxdx=e2π1+21−2eπ1
方法二：先做平移后计算
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{I_1} = \int_0^{{\rm{ + }}\infty } {{e^{ - x}}\left| {\sin x} \right|dx} {\rm{ = }}\int_\pi ^{{\rm{ + }}\infty } {{e^{ - (x - \pi )}}\left| {\sin (x - \pi )} \right|dx} = {e^\pi }\int_\pi ^{{\rm{ + }}\infty } {{e^{ - x}}\left| {\sin x} \right|dx} = {e^\pi }\left( {\int_0^{{\rm{ + }}\infty } {{e^{ - x}}\left| {\sin x} \right|dx} - \int_0^\pi {{e^{ - x}}\left| {\sin x} \right|dx} } \right) = {1 \over 2} \cdot {{1 + {e^{ - \pi }}} \over {1 - {e^{ - \pi }}}}
I1=∫0+∞e−x∣sinx∣dx=∫π+∞e−(x−π)∣sin(x−π)∣dx=eπ∫π+∞e−x∣sinx∣dx=eπ(∫0+∞e−x∣sinx∣dx−∫0πe−x∣sinx∣dx)=21⋅1−e−π1+e−π
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{I_2} = \int_0^{{\rm{ + }}\infty } {{e^{ - x}}\left| {\cos x} \right|dx} {\rm{ = }}\int_\pi ^{{\rm{ + }}\infty } {{e^{ - (x - \pi )}}\left| {\cos (x - \pi )} \right|dx} = {e^\pi }\int_\pi ^{{\rm{ + }}\infty } {{e^{ - x}}\left| {\cos x} \right|dx} = {e^\pi }\left( {\int_0^{{\rm{ + }}\infty } {{e^{ - x}}\left| {\cos x} \right|dx} - \int_0^\pi {{e^{ - x}}\left| {\cos x} \right|dx} } \right) = {1 \over {1 - {e^{ - \pi }}}} \cdot \left( {{1 \over {{e^{{\pi \over 2}}}}} + {1 \over 2} - {1 \over {2{e^\pi }}}} \right)
I2=∫0+∞e−x∣cosx∣dx=∫π+∞e−(x−π)∣cos(x−π)∣dx=eπ∫π+∞e−x∣cosx∣dx=eπ(∫0+∞e−x∣cosx∣dx−∫0πe−x∣cosx∣dx)=1−e−π1⋅(e2π1+21−2eπ1)
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\therefore I = {I_1} + {I_2} = {{{e^\pi }} \over {{e^\pi } - 1}}\left( {1 + {1 \over {{e^{{\pi \over 2}}}}}} \right).
∴I=I1+I2=eπ−1eπ(1+e2π1).
注：
若连续函数满足
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f(t) = f(t + T) \Rightarrow \int_0^{ + \infty } {f(t){e^{ - st}}dt = {1 \over {1 - {e^{ - sT}}}}} \int_0^T {f(t){e^{ - st}}dt.}
f(t)=f(t+T)⇒∫0+∞f(t)e−stdt=1−e−sT1∫0Tf(t)e−stdt.
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