题目
设
f
(
x
)
f(x)
f(x)在
[
0
,
1
]
[0,1]
[0,1]上连续，且
∫
0
1
f
(
x
)
d
x
=
∫
0
1
x
f
(
x
)
d
x
=
1
，
\int_0^1 {f\left( x \right)dx} = \int_0^1 {xf\left( x \right)dx} = 1，
∫01f(x)dx=∫01xf(x)dx=1，
试证明：
∫
0
1
f
2
(
x
)
d
x
≥
4
\int_0^1 {{f^2}\left( x \right)dx} \ge 4
∫01f2(x)dx≥4.
来源
证明
注意到
∫
0
1
[
f
(
x
)
−
6
x
+
2
]
2
d
x
≥
0
\int_0^1 {{{\left[ {f\left( x \right) - 6x + 2} \right]}^2}dx \ge 0}
∫01[f(x)−6x+2]2dx≥0
则
∫
0
1
[
f
(
x
)
−
6
x
+
2
]
2
d
x
=
∫
0
1
[
f
2
(
x
)
−
12
x
f
(
x
)
+
4
f
(
x
)
+
36
x
2
−
24
x
+
4
]
d
x
=
∫
0
1
f
2
(
x
)
d
x
−
4
≥
0
\int_0^1 {{{\left[ {f\left( x \right) - 6x + 2} \right]}^2}dx} = \int_0^1 {\left[ {{f^2}\left( x \right) - 12xf\left( x \right) + 4f\left( x \right) + 36{x^2} - 24x + 4} \right]dx} = \int_0^1 {{f^2}\left( x \right)dx} - 4 \ge 0
∫01[f(x)−6x+2]2dx=∫01[f2(x)−12xf(x)+4f(x)+36x2−24x+4]dx=∫01f2(x)dx−4≥0
即证得
∫
0
1
f
2
(
x
)
d
x
≥
4.
\int_0^1 {{f^2}\left( x \right)dx} \ge 4.
∫01f2(x)dx≥4.
注意到的根源：
假设
∫
0
1
[
f
(
x
)
+
a
x
+
b
]
2
d
x
≥
0
\int_0^1 {{{\left[ {f\left( x \right) + ax + b} \right]}^2}dx} \ge 0
∫01[f(x)+ax+b]2dx≥0
则
∫
0
1
f
2
(
x
)
d
x
+
∫
0
1
[
2
a
x
f
(
x
)
+
2
b
f
(
x
)
+
2
a
b
x
+
a
2
x
2
+
b
2
]
d
x
≥
0
\int_0^1 {{f^2}\left( x \right)dx} + \int_0^1 {\left[ {2axf\left( x \right) + 2bf\left( x \right) + 2abx + {a^2}{x^2} + {b^2}} \right]dx} \ge 0
∫01f2(x)dx+∫01[2axf(x)+2bf(x)+2abx+a2x2+b2]dx≥0
即
∫
0
1
f
2
(
x
)
d
x
≥
−
2
a
−
2
b
−
a
b
−
a
2
3
−
b
2
\int_0^1 {{f^2}\left( x \right)dx} \ge - 2a - 2b - ab - {{{a^2}} \over 3} - {b^2}
∫01f2(x)dx≥−2a−2b−ab−3a2−b2
设
g
(
a
,
b
)
=
2
a
+
2
b
+
a
b
+
a
2
3
+
b
2
g\left( {a,b} \right) = 2a + 2b + ab + {{{a^2}} \over 3} + {b^2}
g(a,b)=2a+2b+ab+3a2+b2
则
∂
g
(
a
,
b
)
∂
a
=
2
+
b
+
2
3
a
，
∂
g
(
a
,
b
)
∂
b
=
2
+
a
+
2
b
{{\partial g\left( {a,b} \right)} \over {\partial a}} = 2 + b + {2 \over 3}a，{{\partial g\left( {a,b} \right)} \over {\partial b}} = 2 + a + 2b
∂a∂g(a,b)=2+b+32a，∂b∂g(a,b)=2+a+2b
并设上面的式子分别为0，得到
a
=
−
6
,
b
=
2
a=-6,b=2
a=−6,b=2
B
=
∂
g
(
a
,
b
)
∂
a
∂
b
=
1
,
A
=
∂
2
g
(
a
,
b
)
∂
a
2
=
2
3
,
C
=
∂
2
g
(
a
,
b
)
∂
b
2
=
2
B = {{\partial g\left( {a,b} \right)} \over {\partial a\partial b}} = 1,A = {{{\partial ^2}g\left( {a,b} \right)} \over {\partial {a^2}}} = {2 \over 3} ,C = {{{\partial ^2}g\left( {a,b} \right)} \over {\partial {b^2}}} = 2
B=∂a∂b∂g(a,b)=1,A=∂a2∂2g(a,b)=32,C=∂b2∂2g(a,b)=2
此时
A
C
−
B
2
>
0
AC-B^2>0
AC−B2>0且
A
>
0
A>0
A>0，
g
(
−
6
,
2
)
g(-6,2)
g(−6,2)为极小值，则
∫
0
1
f
2
(
x
)
d
x
≥
max
[
−
g
(
a
,
b
)
]
=
−
min
g
(
a
,
b
)
=
−
g
(
−
6
,
2
)
=
4.
\int_0^1 {{f^2}\left( x \right)dx} \ge \max \left[ { - g\left( {a,b} \right)} \right] = - \min g\left( {a,b} \right) = - g\left( { - 6,2} \right) = 4.
∫01f2(x)dx≥max[−g(a,b)]=−ming(a,b)=−g(−6,2)=4.
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