形如
∫
(
x
−
a
)
(
b
−
x
)
d
x
\int {\sqrt {\left( {x - a} \right)\left( {b - x} \right)} dx}
∫(x−a)(b−x)dx
∫
b
−
x
x
−
a
d
x
\int {\sqrt {{{b - x} \over {x - a}}} dx}
∫x−ab−xdx
∫
1
(
x
−
a
)
(
b
−
x
)
d
x
\int {{1 \over {\sqrt {\left( {x - a} \right)\left( {b - x} \right)} }}dx}
∫(x−a)(b−x)1dx
又或者将它们变为定积分,也是同样的,我们可以观察到
(
x
−
a
)
+
(
b
−
x
)
=
b
−
a
\left( {x - a} \right) + \left( {b - x} \right) = b - a
(x−a)+(b−x)=b−a是一个定值,我们令
x
−
a
=
(
b
−
a
)
sin
2
t
x - a = \left( {b - a} \right){\sin ^2}t
x−a=(b−a)sin2t
b
−
x
=
(
b
−
a
)
cos
2
t
b - x = \left( {b - a} \right){\cos ^2}t
b−x=(b−a)cos2t
e x 1. ex1. ex1.
∫ a b 1 ( x − a ) ( b − x ) d x = ∫ 0 π 2 ( b − a ) ⋅ 2 sin t cos t ( b − a ) sin t cos t d t = π \int_a^b {{1 \over {\sqrt {\left( {x - a} \right)\left( {b - x} \right)} }}dx} = \int_0^{{\pi \over 2}} {{{\left( {b - a} \right) \cdot 2\sin t\cos t} \over {\left( {b - a} \right)\sin t\cos t}}dt} = \pi ∫ab(x−a)(b−x)1dx=∫02π(b−a)sintcost(b−a)⋅2sintcostdt=π
e x 2. ex2. ex2.
∫ a b b − x x − a d x = b − a 2 π \int_a^b {\sqrt {{{b - x} \over {x - a}}} dx} = {{b - a} \over 2}\pi ∫abx−ab−xdx=2b−aπ
方法和 e x . 1 ex.1 ex.1相同,这里只给出结果
e x 3. ex3. ex3.
∫ a b ( x − a ) ( b − x ) d x = ( b − a ) 2 8 π \int_a^b {\sqrt {\left( {x - a} \right)\left( {b - x} \right)} dx} = {{{{\left( {b - a} \right)}^2}} \over 8}\pi ∫ab(x−a)(b−x)dx=8(b−a)2π
方法和 e x . 1 ex.1 ex.1相同,这里只给出结果
对 e x 3. ex3. ex3.的其他思考
(
x
−
a
)
(
b
−
x
)
=
(
b
−
a
2
)
2
−
(
x
−
a
+
b
2
)
2
\sqrt {\left( {x - a} \right)\left( {b - x} \right)} = \sqrt {{{\left( {{{b - a} \over 2}} \right)}^2} - {{\left( {x - {{a + b} \over 2}} \right)}^2}}
(x−a)(b−x)=(2b−a)2−(x−2a+b)2
我们令
x
−
a
+
b
2
=
b
−
a
2
sin
t
x - {{a + b} \over 2} = {{b - a} \over 2}\sin t
x−2a+b=2b−asint
即可.