THOMAS’ CALCULUS 学习笔记（Chapter 10-1）

10-1 Sequences 数列

Representing Sequences

A sequences is a list of numbers$$a_1,a_2,a_3,\dots ,a_n,\dots$$in a given order.
Sequences can be described by writing rules that specify their terms, such as $a_n=\sqrt{n}$, or by listing terms: { a n } = { 1 , 2 , 3 , … , n , …   } . \{ {a_n}\}=\{\sqrt{1},\sqrt{2},\sqrt{3},\dots,\sqrt{n},\dots\}. { an​}={ 1 ​,2 ​,3 ​,…,n ​,…}.We also sometimes write { a n } = { n } n = 1 ∞ . \{a_n\}=\{\sqrt{n}\}^{\infin}_{n=1}. { an​}={ n ​}n=1∞​.

Convergence and Divergence

DEFINITIONS
The sequence { a n } \{a_n\} { an​} converges to the number $L$ if for every positive number $ϵ$ there corresponds an integer $N$ such that for all $n$,$$n>N\Rightarrow |a_n-L|<ϵ$$If no such number $L$ exists, we say that { a n } \{a_n\} { an​} diverges.
 If converges to $L$, we write ${\lim }_{n\to \infty }{a}_n=L$ or simply $a_n\to L,$ and call $L$ the limit of the sequence

How to show that a limit exists by the definition.

Show that the limit $\underset{n\to \infty }{\lim }{a}_n=c$ exists.

Let $ϵ>0$ be given. Solve the inequation $|a_n-c|<ϵ$, we can get $n>f(ϵ)$. ${}^1$Just let $N=f(ϵ)$, when $n>N$, the inequation $|a_n$