unity进阶学习笔记：声音管理器

在创建声音管理器之前，我们先创建一个空的类Manager用于保存所有的管理器单例，这样之后要用到管理器时，直接调用Manager类即可。每创建一个管理器类，都要在Manager类进行注册

using System.Collections;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using UnityEngine;

public class Manager
{
    public static AudioManager m_Audio = AudioManager.Instance;
}

声音管理器完整代码：

using System.Collections;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using UnityEngine;

public class AudioManager : ManagerBase<AudioManager>
{

    // environment sound
    private AudioSource envPlayer;
    // sound effect
    private AudioSource sePlayer;
    // music
    private AudioSource Player;

    // Start is called before the first frame update
    void Start()
    {
        envPlayer = gameObject.AddComponent<AudioSource>();
        sePlayer = gameObject.AddComponent<AudioSource>();
        Player = gameObject.AddComponent<AudioSource>();
        // do not destroy audio manager when switching scene
        GameObject.DontDestroyOnLoad(gameObject);
    }

    // play music
    public void PlayMusic(string name, float volume = 1) {
        AudioClip clip = Resources.Load<AudioClip>(name);
        PlayMusic(clip, volume);
    }

    public void PlayMusic(AudioClip clip, float volume = 1) {
        Player.volume = volume;
        Player.clip = clip;
        if (Player.isPlaying) {
            Player.Stop();
        }
        Player.Play();
    }

    public void StopMusic() {
        Player.Stop();
    }

    public void ChangeMusicVolume(float volume) {
        Player.volume = volume;
    }


    // play environment sound
    public void PlayEnvMusic(string name, float volume = 1) {
        AudioClip clip = Resources.Load<AudioClip>(name);
        PlayEnvMusic(clip, volume);
    }

    public void PlayEnvMusic(AudioClip clip, float volume = 1) {
        envPlayer.volume = volume;
        envPlayer.clip = clip;
        if (envPlayer.isPlaying) {
            envPlayer.Stop();
        }
        envPlayer.Play();
    }

    public void StopEnvMusic() {
        envPlayer.Stop();
    }

    public void ChangeEnvMusicVolume(float volume) {
        envPlayer.volume = volume;
    }


    // play sound effect
    public void PlaySeSound(string name, float volume = 1) {
        AudioClip clip = Resources.Load<AudioClip>(name);
        PlaySeSound(clip, volume);
    }

    public void PlaySeSound(AudioClip clip, float volume = 1) {
        sePlayer.PlayOneShot(clip, volume);
    }

    // play sound effect on an object
    public void PlaySeSoundOnObject(string name, GameObject go, float volume = 1) {
        AudioClip clip = Resources.Load<AudioClip>(name);
        PlaySeSoundOnObject(clip, go, volume);
    }

    public void PlaySeSoundOnObject(AudioClip clip, GameObject go, float volume = 1) {
        AudioSource player = go.GetComponent<AudioSource>();
        if (player == null) {
            player = go.AddComponent<AudioSource>();
        }
        player.volume = volume;
        player.PlayOneShot(clip);
    }

    public override byte GetMessageType() {
        return MessageType.Type_Audio;
    }
}

代码解读：
1

    // environment sound
    private AudioSource envPlayer;
    // sound effect
    private AudioSource sePlayer;
    // music
    private AudioSource Player;

    // Start is called before the first frame update
    void Start()
    {
        envPlayer = gameObject.AddComponent<AudioSource>();
        sePlayer = gameObject.AddComponent<AudioSource>();
        Player = gameObject.AddComponent<AudioSource>();
        // do not destroy audio manager when switching scene
        GameObject.DontDestroyOnLoad(gameObject);
    }

我们的声音管理器设置三个播放器，envPlayer，sePlayer，Player，分别用于管理游戏环境音乐，音效，和背景音乐。在Start方法中对三个管理器进行初始化，这样我们就不需要专门在游戏物体上挂载AudioSource组件。同时我们希望声音管理器不会在切换游戏场景时被删除，使用GameObject.DontDestroyOnLoad(gameObject);实现

2

    // play music
    public void PlayMusic(string name, float volume = 1) {
        AudioClip clip = Resources.Load<AudioClip>(name);
        PlayMusic(clip, volume);
    }

    public void PlayMusic(AudioClip clip, float volume = 1) {
        Player.volume = volume;
        Player.clip = clip;
        if (Player.isPlaying) {
            Player.Stop();
        }
        Player.Play();
    }

    public void StopMusic() {
        Player.Stop();
    }

    public void ChangeMusicVolume(float volume) {
        Player.volume = volume;
    }

在播放音乐的方法PlayMusic中，我们考虑了两种情况：直接得到AudioClip对象，或者得到音乐名称在Resources文件夹下面查找对应的AudioClip。

如果直接得到AudioClip，我们在设置好音量和clip后判断一下播放器是否在播放其他音乐，如果是的话先关闭正在播放的音乐，然后开始播放新的clip。当然这里我们也可以根据具体游戏需求改变播放逻辑

如果传入的是音乐名，就从Resources加载对于音乐，然后调用第二个PlayMusic方法

同时我们设置了关闭音乐和改变音量方法

环境音的设置和背景音乐完全一样，故不再赘述

    // play sound effect
    public void PlaySeSound(string name, float volume = 1) {
        AudioClip clip = Resources.Load<AudioClip>(name);
        PlaySeSound(clip, volume);
    }

    public void PlaySeSound(AudioClip clip, float volume = 1) {
        sePlayer.PlayOneShot(clip, volume);
    }

    // play sound effect on an object
    public void PlaySeSoundOnObject(string name, GameObject go, float volume = 1) {
        AudioClip clip = Resources.Load<AudioClip>(name);
        PlaySeSoundOnObject(clip, go, volume);
    }

    public void PlaySeSoundOnObject(AudioClip clip, GameObject go, float volume = 1) {
        AudioSource player = go.GetComponent<AudioSource>();
        if (player == null) {
            player = go.AddComponent<AudioSource>();
        }
        player.volume = volume;
        player.PlayOneShot(clip);
    }

对于音效设置，我们额外加入了方法PlaySeSoundOnObject。该方法是考虑到在3D游戏中，有些时候声音源并不是直接在玩家身上，而是远处的一个游戏物体上面，声音会随距离递减。PlaySeSoundOnObject方法传入要作为声音源的游戏物体，判断该物体是否存在AudioSource，如果不存在加上该组件，然后让该物体上面的AudioSource播放音效