膨胀和腐蚀之外的其他形态学变换

目的：

    基于OpenCV 函数 cv::morphologyEx 实现如下形态学变换:

•         Opening（开运算）
•         Closing（闭运算）
•         Morphological Gradient（形态学梯度）
•         Top Hat（顶帽变换）
•         Black Hat（）

原理

Opening

• 操作步骤先腐蚀后膨胀

  dst=open(src,element)=dilate(erode(src,element))
• 用于移除小的objects (假设前提 objects 是 亮的　前景是黑的)

• 如下图所示。图中左侧是原图，右侧是应用开运算后的结果. 可以看到字母角落处的小空间消失了.

  
  

Closing

• 操作步骤先膨胀后腐蚀.

  dst=close(src,element)=erode(dilate(src,element))

• 用来移除小的孔洞 (黑色的区域).

  
  

Morphological Gradient

• 结果为膨胀变换和腐蚀变换的差

  dst=morphgrad(src,element)=dilate(src,element)−erode(src,element)

• 用来找出对象的边缘

  
  

Top Hat

• 结果为输入图像和开运算结果的差.

  dst=tophat(src,element)=src−open(src,element)
  
  

Black Hat

•  结果为闭运算和输入图像的差
  

  dst=blackhat(src,element)=close(src,element)−src

代码

/**
 * @file Morphology_2.cpp
 * @brief Advanced morphology Transformations sample code
 * @author OpenCV team
 */

#include "opencv2/imgproc.hpp"
#include "opencv2/imgcodecs.hpp"
#include "opencv2/highgui.hpp"

using namespace cv;

/// Global variables
Mat src, dst;

int morph_elem = 0;
int morph_size = 0;
int morph_operator = 0;
int const max_operator = 4;
int const max_elem = 2;
int const max_kernel_size = 21;

const char* window_name = "Morphology Transformations Demo";


/** Function Headers */
void Morphology_Operations( int, void* );

/**
 * @function main
 */
int main( int, char** argv )
{
  //![load]
  src = imread( argv[1], IMREAD_COLOR ); // Load an image

  if( src.empty() )
    { return -1; }
  //![load]

  //![window]
  namedWindow( window_name, WINDOW_AUTOSIZE ); // Create window
  //![window]

  //![create_trackbar1]
  /// Create Trackbar to select Morphology operation
  createTrackbar("Operator:\n 0: Opening - 1: Closing  \n 2: Gradient - 3: Top Hat \n 4: Black Hat", window_name, &morph_operator, max_operator, Morphology_Operations );
  //![create_trackbar1]

  //![create_trackbar2]
  /// Create Trackbar to select kernel type
  createTrackbar( "Element:\n 0: Rect - 1: Cross - 2: Ellipse", window_name,
                  &morph_elem, max_elem,
                  Morphology_Operations );
  //![create_trackbar2]

  //![create_trackbar3]
  /// Create Trackbar to choose kernel size
  createTrackbar( "Kernel size:\n 2n +1", window_name,
                  &morph_size, max_kernel_size,
                  Morphology_Operations );
  //![create_trackbar3]

  /// Default start
  Morphology_Operations( 0, 0 );

  waitKey(0);
  return 0;
}

//![morphology_operations]
/**
 * @function Morphology_Operations
 */
void Morphology_Operations( int, void* )
{
  // Since MORPH_X : 2,3,4,5 and 6
  //![operation]
  int operation = morph_operator + 2;
  //![operation]

  Mat element = getStructuringElement( morph_elem, Size( 2*morph_size + 1, 2*morph_size+1 ), Point( morph_size, morph_size ) );

  /// Apply the specified morphology operation
  morphologyEx( src, dst, operation, element );
  imshow( window_name, dst );
}
//![morphology_operations]

例子