SPI 1 - What is SPI?

SPI is a simple interface that allows one chip to communicate with one or more other chips.

How does it look?

Let's start with a simple example where only two chips have to communicate together.

SPI requires 4 wires to be used in between the two chips.

As you can see, the wires are called SCK, MOSI, MISO and SSEL, and one of the chip is called the SPI master, while the other the SPI slave.

SPI fundamentals

Basically:

  1. It is synchronous.
  2. It is full-duplex serial.
  3. It is not plug-and-play.
  4. There is one (and only one) master, and one (or more) slaves.

In more details:

  1. Synchronous: a clock is generated by the master.
  2. Full-duplex serial: data is serialized, one bit of data is transferred in each direction during each clock period, so two data wires are used (MOSI and MISO).
  3. Not plug-and-play: The master and slave know beforehand the details of the communication (bit order, length of data words exchanged, etc...).
  4. One master: slave(s) cannot initiates communication, only the master can. The slave(s) listen and respond.

Simple transfer

Let's assume that the master and slave expect 8-bits data transfers, with MSB transmitted first.
Here's how would look a single 8-bits data transfer.

The line MOSI is the "master output" while MISO is the "slave output". Since SPI is full-duplex, both lines toggles simultaneously, with different data going from master-to-slave, and slave-to-master.

In more details:

  1. The master pulls SSEL down to indicate to the slave that communication is starting (SSEL is active low).
  2. The master toggles the clock eight times and sends eight data bits on its MOSI line. At the same time it receives eight data bits from the slave on the MISO line.
  3. The master pulls SSEL up to indicate that the transfer is over.

If the master had more than one 8-bits data to send/receive, it could keep sending/receiving and de-assert SSEL only when it is done.

Multiple slaves

An SPI master can communicate with multiples slaves in two ways: by connecting most signals in parallel and adding SSEL lines, or by chaining the slaves.

With the multiple SSEL lines technique, only one SSEL line is activated at a time, and slaves that are not selected must not drive the MISO line.

How fast is it?

SPI can easily achieve a few Mbps (mega-bits-per-seconds). That means it can be used for uncompressed audio, or compressed video.

Links

SPI 1 - What is SPI?

### STM32F407 SPI1 Pinout and Configuration #### Overview of SPI Interface on STM32F407 STM32F407 features multiple SPI interfaces, with this discussion focusing specifically on the configuration and pin layout for SPI1. The device supports various modes including master and slave configurations as well as different frame formats like Motorola which can be set according to specific requirements such as MODE 0/1/2/3 (CPOL, CPHA)[^3]. #### Detailed Pin Assignment for SPI1 For configuring SPI1 on an STM32F407 microcontroller: - **SCK (Serial Clock)**: This signal is used to synchronize data transmission between devices connected via SPI. On STM32F407, SCK for SPI1 maps to GPIO port PA5. - **MISO (Master In Slave Out)**: Used by the master to receive data from a slave device. For SPI1, MISO connects through PA6. - **MOSI (Master Out Slave In)**: Through MOSI, the master sends out data intended for slaves. With respect to SPI1, MOSI corresponds to PA7[^1]. Additionally, it's worth noting that while these are default mappings provided by hardware design, alternative functions may also assign other pins depending upon project needs or constraints within PCB layouts. #### Example Code Snippet Demonstrating Basic Initialization Below demonstrates how one might initialize SPI1 using standard peripheral library calls in C language targeting STM32F407 series MCUs: ```c #include "stm32f4xx_hal.h" void MX_SPI1_Init(void){ hspi1.Instance = SPI1; hspi1.Init.Mode = SPI_MODE_MASTER; hspi1.Init.Direction = SPI_DIRECTION_2LINES; hspi1.Init.DataSize = SPI_DATASIZE_8BIT; hspi1.Init.CLKPolarity = SPI_POLARITY_LOW; hspi1.Init.CLKPhase = SPI_PHASE_1EDGE; hspi1.Init.NSS = SPI_NSS_SOFT; hspi1.Init.BaudRatePrescaler = SPI_BAUDRATEPRESCALER_16; hspi1.Init.FirstBit = SPI_FIRSTBIT_MSB; HAL_SPI_Init(&hspi1); } ``` --related questions-- 1. How does changing CPOL and CPHA parameters affect communication over SPI? 2. What considerations should be taken when selecting alternate function pins for SPI peripherals? 3. Can you explain more about setting up UART interrupts alongside SPI operations on STM32F407? 4. Is there any difference in initializing SPI under CubeMX compared to manual coding approaches?
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