分类网络：AlexNet

AlexNet 网络的优点：

1. 首次使用GPU加速

2. 随机drop掉一些神经元，有效降低了过拟合

点击下载花分类数据集

---

model.py

import torch.nn as nn
import torch

# AlexNet 网络的优点：
# 1. 首次使用GPU加速
# 2. 随机drop掉一些神经元，有效降低了过拟合


class AlexNet(nn.Module):
    def __init__(self, num_classes=1000, init_weights=False):
        super(AlexNet, self).__init__()
        self.features = nn.Sequential(
            nn.Conv2d(3, 48, kernel_size=11, stride=4, padding=2),  # input[3, 224, 224]  output[48, 55, 55]
            nn.ReLU(inplace=True),
            nn.MaxPool2d(kernel_size=3, stride=2),                  # output[48, 27, 27]
            nn.Conv2d(48, 128, kernel_size=5, padding=2),           # output[128, 27, 27]
            nn.ReLU(inplace=True),
            nn.MaxPool2d(kernel_size=3, stride=2),                  # output[128, 13, 13]
            nn.Conv2d(128, 192, kernel_size=3, padding=1),          # output[192, 13, 13]
            nn.ReLU(inplace=True),
            nn.Conv2d(192, 192, kernel_size=3, padding=1),          # output[192, 13, 13]
            nn.ReLU(inplace=True),
            nn.Conv2d(192, 128, kernel_size=3, padding=1),          # output[128, 13, 13]
            nn.ReLU(inplace=True),
            nn.MaxPool2d(kernel_size=3, stride=2),                  # output[128, 6, 6]
        )
        self.classifier = nn.Sequential(
            # 使神经元随机失活
            nn.Dropout(p=0.5),
            nn.Linear(128 * 6 * 6, 2048),
            nn.ReLU(inplace=True),
            nn.Dropout(p=0.5),
            nn.Linear(2048, 2048),
            nn.ReLU(inplace=True),
            nn.Linear(2048, num_classes),
        )
        # 对卷积核的权重和偏置的数值进行初始化
        if init_weights:
            self._initialize_weights()

    def forward(self, x):
        x = self.features(x)
        # 展平处理，方便送入全连接层
        x = torch.flatten(x, start_dim=1)
        x = self.classifier(x)
        return x

    def _initialize_weights(self):
        for m in self.modules():
            if isinstance(m, nn.Conv2d):
                nn.init.kaiming_normal_(m.weight, mode='fan_out', nonlinearity='relu')
                if m.bias is not None:
                    nn.init.constant_(m.bias, 0)
            elif isinstance(m, nn.Linear):
                nn.init.normal_(m.weight, 0, 0.01)
                nn.init.constant_(m.bias, 0)

---

train.py

import os
import json

import torch
import torch.nn as nn
from torchvision import transforms, datasets, utils
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import numpy as np
import torch.optim as optim
from tqdm import tqdm

from model import AlexNet


def main():
    device = torch.device("cuda:0" if torch.cuda.is_available() else "cpu")
    print("using {} device.".format(device))

    data_transform = {
        "train": transforms.Compose([transforms.RandomResizedCrop(224),  # 随机裁剪
                                     transforms.RandomHorizontalFlip(),  # 随机翻转
                                     transforms.ToTensor(),
                                     # 对图像标准化处理
                                     transforms.Normalize((0.5, 0.5, 0.5), (0.5, 0.5, 0.5))]),
        "val": transforms.Compose([transforms.Resize((224, 224)),  # cannot 224, must (224, 224)
                                   transforms.ToTensor(),
                                   transforms.Normalize((0.5, 0.5, 0.5), (0.5, 0.5, 0.5))])}

    data_root = os.path.abspath(os.path.join(os.getcwd(), "../.."))  # get data root path
    image_path = os.path.join(data_root, "data_set", "flower_data")  # flower data set path
    assert os.path.exists(image_path), "{} path does not exist.".format(image_path)
    # 拿到训练集的图片地址
    train_dataset = datasets.ImageFolder(root=os.path.join(image_path, "train"),
                                         transform=data_transform["train"])
    # 得到训练集图片的个数
    train_num = len(train_dataset)

    # {'daisy':0, 'dandelion':1, 'roses':2, 'sunflower':3, 'tulips':4}
    flower_list = train_dataset.class_to_idx
    # {"0": "daisy", "1": "dandelion", "2": "roses", "3": "sunflowers", "4": "tulips"}
    cla_dict = dict((val, key) for key, val in flower_list.items())
    # write dict into json file
    json_str = json.dumps(cla_dict, indent=4)
    with open('class_indices.json', 'w') as json_file:
        json_file.write(json_str)

    batch_size = 32
    nw = min([os.cpu_count(), batch_size if batch_size > 1 else 0, 8])  # number of workers
    print('Using {} dataloader workers every process'.format(nw))

    train_loader = torch.utils.data.DataLoader(train_dataset,
                                               batch_size=batch_size, shuffle=True,
                                               num_workers=0)

    validate_dataset = datasets.ImageFolder(root=os.path.join(image_path, "val"),
                                            transform=data_transform["val"])
    val_num = len(validate_dataset)
    validate_loader = torch.utils.data.DataLoader(validate_dataset,
                                                  batch_size=4, shuffle=False,
                                                  num_workers=0)

    print("using {} images for training, {} images for validation.".format(train_num,
                                                                           val_num))
    # test_data_iter = iter(validate_loader)
    # test_image, test_label = test_data_iter.next()
    #
    # def imshow(img):
    #     img = img / 2 + 0.5  # unnormalize
    #     npimg = img.numpy()
    #     plt.imshow(np.transpose(npimg, (1, 2, 0)))
    #     plt.show()
    #
    # print(' '.join('%5s' % cla_dict[test_label[j].item()] for j in range(4)))
    # imshow(utils.make_grid(test_image))

    net = AlexNet(num_classes=5, init_weights=True)

    net.to(device)
    loss_function = nn.CrossEntropyLoss()
    # pata = list(net.parameters())
    optimizer = optim.Adam(net.parameters(), lr=0.0002)

    epochs = 10
    save_path = './AlexNet.pth'
    # 最优模型的准确率
    best_acc = 0.0
    train_steps = len(train_loader)
    for epoch in range(epochs):
        # train
        net.train()  # 开启训练模式是为了只在训练模式才使神经元随机失活
        running_loss = 0.0
        # tqdm -> 通过进度条将处理情况进行可视化展示
        train_bar = tqdm(train_loader)
        for step, data in enumerate(train_bar):
            images, labels = data
            optimizer.zero_grad()
            outputs = net(images.to(device))
            loss = loss_function(outputs, labels.to(device))
            loss.backward()
            optimizer.step()

            # print statistics
            running_loss += loss.item()

            train_bar.desc = "train epoch[{}/{}] loss:{:.3f}".format(epoch + 1,
                                                                     epochs,
                                                                     loss)

        # validate
        net.eval()
        acc = 0.0  # accumulate accurate number / epoch
        with torch.no_grad():
            val_bar = tqdm(validate_loader)
            for val_data in val_bar:
                val_images, val_labels = val_data
                outputs = net(val_images.to(device))
                predict_y = torch.max(outputs, dim=1)[1]
                acc += torch.eq(predict_y, val_labels.to(device)).sum().item()

        val_accurate = acc / val_num
        print('[epoch %d] train_loss: %.3f  val_accuracy: %.3f' %
              (epoch + 1, running_loss / train_steps, val_accurate))

        if val_accurate > best_acc:
            best_acc = val_accurate
            torch.save(net.state_dict(), save_path)

    print('Finished Training')


if __name__ == '__main__':
    main()

---

predict.py

import os
import json

import torch
from PIL import Image
from torchvision import transforms
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

from model import AlexNet


def main():
    device = torch.device("cuda:0" if torch.cuda.is_available() else "cpu")

    data_transform = transforms.Compose(
        [transforms.Resize((224, 224)),
         transforms.ToTensor(),
         transforms.Normalize((0.5, 0.5, 0.5), (0.5, 0.5, 0.5))])

    # load image
    img_path = "./temp1.jpg"
    assert os.path.exists(img_path), "file: '{}' dose not exist.".format(img_path)
    img = Image.open(img_path)

    plt.imshow(img)
    # [N, C, H, W]
    img = data_transform(img)
    # expand batch dimension
    img = torch.unsqueeze(img, dim=0)

    # read class_indict
    json_path = './class_indices.json'
    assert os.path.exists(json_path), "file: '{}' dose not exist.".format(json_path)

    json_file = open(json_path, "r")
    class_indict = json.load(json_file)

    # create model
    model = AlexNet(num_classes=5).to(device)

    # load model weights
    weights_path = "./AlexNet.pth"
    assert os.path.exists(weights_path), "file: '{}' dose not exist.".format(weights_path)
    model.load_state_dict(torch.load(weights_path))

    model.eval()
    with torch.no_grad():
        # predict class
        # 得到含有五个元素的列表
        output = torch.squeeze(model(img.to(device))).cpu()
        print(output)
        # 将五个元素的值归一化，所有元素的值加起来等于一
        predict = torch.softmax(output, dim=0)
        print(predict)
        # 获得最大的值的下标
        predict_cla = torch.argmax(predict).numpy()
        print(predict_cla)

    print_res = "class: {}   prob: {:.3}".format(class_indict[str(predict_cla)],
                                                 predict[predict_cla].numpy())
    plt.title(print_res)
    print(print_res)
    plt.show()


if __name__ == '__main__':
    main()

---

class_indices.json

{
    "0": "daisy",
    "1": "dandelion",
    "2": "roses",
    "3": "sunflowers",
    "4": "tulips"
}