OpenGL 入门

OpenGL（Open Graphics Library，开放式图形库）是用于渲染 2D、3D 矢量图形的跨语言、跨平台的应用程序编程接口。这个接口由近350个不同的函数调用组成，用来绘制从简单的图形到复杂的三维景象。OpenGL常用于CAD、虚拟现实、科学可视化程序和电子游戏开发。

这里使用 freeglut 库进行学习

• glBegin()
  • GL_POINTS: individual points
  • GL_LINES: pairs of vertices interpreted as individual line segments
  • GL_LINE_STRIP: series of connected line segments
  • GL_LINE_LOOP: same as above, with a segment added between last and fist vertives.
  • GL_TRIANGLES: triples of vertices interpreted as triangles
  • GL_TRIANGLE_STRIP: linked strip of triangles
  • GL_TRIANGLE_FAN: inked fan of triangles
  • GL_QUADS: quadruples of vertices interpreted as four-sided polygons.
  • GL_QUAD_STRIP: linked strip of quadrilaterals
  • GL_POLYGON: boundary of a simple, convex polygon

示例：

glBegin(GL_POINTS);
glVertex2f(100.0f, 100.0f);
glEnd();

glBegin(GL_LINES);
glVertex2f(100.0f, 100.0f);
glVertex2f(200.0f, 140.0f);
glEnd();

OpenGL transformation functions (GL_MODELVIEW)

• glTranslate(x, y, z): 沿 (x, y, z) 方向平移
• glRotate(x, y, z): 以 (x, y, z) 为轴旋转
• glScale(x, y, z): 从原点向外缩放，(x, y, z) 为各方向缩放比例
• glMatrixMode: Specify current matrix for geometric-viewing, projection, texture or colour transformations
• glLoadIdentity: Set current matrix to identity
• glLoadMatrix: Set elements of current matrix
• glMultMatrix
• glGetIntegerv: Get max stack depth or current number of matrices in the stack for selected matrix mode
• glPushMatrix: Copy the top matrix in the stack and store copy in the second stack position
• glPopMatrix: Erase top matrix in stack and move second matrix to top stack
• glPixelZoom: Specify 2D scaling parameters for raster operations

Note that the last matrix specified in the program is the first applied.

Projection Functions (GL_PROJECTION)

• gluLookAt(eye_position, look_at, look_up): 相机和参考点的坐标，look_up 是向上向量，用来投影出 y 轴正方向。
• glOrtho(left, right, bottom, top, near, far)
• glFrustum(left, right, bottom, top, near, far)
• gluPerspective(fov, aspect, near, far): less often used than glFrustum()