Python + Selenium： expected_conditions介绍

最新推荐文章于 2024-06-07 18:18:10 发布

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最新推荐文章于 2024-06-07 18:18:10 发布

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**本文为转载文章，由于不明确出处，故未标明**

expected_conditions是Selenium的一个模块，selenium.webdriver.support.expected_conditions，可以对网页上元素是否存在，可点击等等进行判断，一般用于断言或与WebDriverWait配合使用。上一次介绍WebDriverWait的时候就曾经提过，WebDriverWait中的until()和until_not()中的方法，必须是可调用的方法，我们可以自己写一个类（正如上次介绍中的实例那样），也可以使用匿名函数，再就是可以使用expected_conditions。
下面是今天举例中使用的网页，请保存为test.html，放在与脚本相同的文件夹中。

<html>
    <head>
        <title>this is title</title>
    <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;</span>script</span> <span class="token attr-name">type</span><span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation">=</span><span class="token punctuation">'</span>text/javascript<span class="token punctuation">'</span></span> <span class="token attr-name">src</span><span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation">=</span><span class="token punctuation">"</span>http://ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/jquery/1.8.0/jquery.min.js<span class="token punctuation">"</span></span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span><span class="token script language-javascript"></span><span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;/</span>script</span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span>
    <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;</span>script</span> <span class="token attr-name">type</span><span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation">=</span><span class="token punctuation">'</span>text/javascript<span class="token punctuation">'</span></span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span><span class="token script language-javascript">
        <span class="token keyword">function</span> <span class="token function">myFunction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span>
            window<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">alert</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">'this is alert'</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
        <span class="token punctuation">}</span>

        <span class="token function">$</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>document<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">ready</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">function</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span>
            <span class="token function">$</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"#button3"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">click</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">function</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span>
                <span class="token function">$</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">'#p2'</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">hide</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
            <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
            <span class="token function">$</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"#button4"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">click</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">function</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span>
                <span class="token function">$</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">'#p1'</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">remove</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
            <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
        <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
    </span><span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;/</span>script</span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span>
<span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;/</span>head</span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span>
<span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;</span>body</span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span>
    <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;</span>h1</span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span>head 1<span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;/</span>h1</span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span>
    <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;</span>p</span> <span class="token attr-name">id</span><span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation">=</span><span class="token punctuation">'</span>p1<span class="token punctuation">'</span></span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span>paragraph<span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;/</span>p</span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span>
    <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;</span>p</span> <span class="token attr-name">id</span><span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation">=</span><span class="token punctuation">'</span>p2<span class="token punctuation">'</span></span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span>paragraph2<span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;/</span>p</span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span>
    <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;</span>button</span> <span class="token attr-name">type</span><span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation">=</span><span class="token punctuation">'</span>button<span class="token punctuation">'</span></span> <span class="token attr-name">onclick</span><span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation">=</span><span class="token punctuation">'</span>myFunction()<span class="token punctuation">'</span></span> <span class="token attr-name">id</span><span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation">=</span><span class="token punctuation">'</span>button1<span class="token punctuation">'</span></span> <span class="token attr-name">class</span><span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation">=</span><span class="token punctuation">'</span>test<span class="token punctuation">'</span></span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span>this is button1<span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;/</span>button</span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span>
    <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;</span>button</span> <span class="token attr-name">type</span><span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation">=</span><span class="token punctuation">'</span>button<span class="token punctuation">'</span></span> <span class="token attr-name">id</span><span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation">=</span><span class="token punctuation">'</span>button2<span class="token punctuation">'</span></span> <span class="token attr-name">disabled</span><span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation">=</span><span class="token punctuation">'</span>disabled<span class="token punctuation">'</span></span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span>this is button2<span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;/</span>button</span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span>
    <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;</span>button</span> <span class="token attr-name">type</span><span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation">=</span><span class="token punctuation">'</span>button<span class="token punctuation">'</span></span> <span class="token attr-name">id</span><span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation">=</span><span class="token punctuation">'</span>button3<span class="token punctuation">'</span></span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span>this is button3<span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;/</span>button</span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span>
    <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;</span>button</span> <span class="token attr-name">type</span><span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation">=</span><span class="token punctuation">'</span>button<span class="token punctuation">'</span></span> <span class="token attr-name">id</span><span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation">=</span><span class="token punctuation">'</span>button4<span class="token punctuation">'</span></span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span>this is button4<span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;/</span>button</span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span>
    <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;</span>label</span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span><span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;</span>input</span> <span class="token attr-name">type</span><span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation">=</span><span class="token punctuation">'</span>checkbox<span class="token punctuation">'</span></span> <span class="token attr-name">id</span><span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation">=</span><span class="token punctuation">'</span>checkbox1<span class="token punctuation">'</span></span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span>checkbox<span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;/</span>label</span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span>
    <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;</span>br</span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span>
    <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;</span>a</span> <span class="token attr-name">href</span><span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation">=</span><span class="token punctuation">"</span>https://www.baidu.com/<span class="token punctuation">"</span></span> <span class="token attr-name">target</span><span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation">=</span><span class="token punctuation">'</span>_blank<span class="token punctuation">'</span></span> <span class="token attr-name">id</span><span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation">=</span><span class="token punctuation">'</span>link<span class="token punctuation">'</span></span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span>baidu<span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;/</span>a</span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span>
    <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;</span>br</span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span>
    <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;</span>iframe</span> <span class="token attr-name">src</span><span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation">=</span><span class="token punctuation">"</span>https://www.baidu.com/<span class="token punctuation">"</span></span> <span class="token attr-name">width</span><span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation">=</span><span class="token punctuation">'</span>750px<span class="token punctuation">'</span></span> <span class="token attr-name">height</span><span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation">=</span><span class="token punctuation">'</span>350px<span class="token punctuation">'</span></span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span><span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;/</span>iframe</span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span>
<span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;/</span>body</span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span>

</html>

介绍说明

expected_conditions中包含了很多的类，我们今天讲解一部分，并附有详细脚本说明。

1. selenium.webdriver.support.expected_conditions.alert_is_present

判断alert是否存在，若存在则切换到alert，若不存在则返回false

# coding = utf-8
from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.support.wait import WebDriverWait
from selenium.webdriver.support import expected_conditions as EC
import os

driver = webdriver.Chrome()
driver.implicitly_wait(5)
file = “file:///” + os.path.abspath(“test.html”)
driver.get(“https://www.baidu.com”)
alert = EC.alert_is_present()
if alert(driver):
print(alert(driver).text) #若alert存在打印alert上text
alert(driver).accept() #若存在点击alert上的【确认按钮】
else :
print(alert(driver)) #若不存在，打印会显示False
print(‘no alert’)
driver.quit()

2. selenium.webdriver.support.expected_conditions.element_selection_state_to_be(element, is_selected)

判断某元素的选中状态是否与预期相同，相同则返回True，不同则返回False

# coding = utf-8
from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.support.wait import WebDriverWait
from selenium.webdriver.support import expected_conditions as EC
import os

driver = webdriver.Chrome()
driver.implicitly_wait(5)
file = “file:///” + os.path.abspath(“test.html”)
driver.get(“https://www.baidu.com”)
checkbox = driver.find_element_by_id(‘checkbox1’)
for n in range(2): #循环2次
checkbox.click() #第一次点击checkbox，checkbox为选中状态，第二次循环再点击则不在选中状态
element = EC.element_selection_state_to_be(checkbox,True) #第一次返回结果True，第二次为False
print(element(driver))
driver.quit()

3. selenium.webdriver.support.expected_conditions.element_located_to_be_selected(locator)

判断某元素是否被选中，locator为一个(by, path)元祖，这个(by, path)的by是Selenium的一个类(selenium.webdriver.common.by.By)，包括CLASS_NAME，CSS_SELECTOR，ID，LINK_TEXT，NAME，PARTIAL_LINK_TEXT，TAG_NAME和XPATH，和我们元素定位中使用的方法相同

# coding = utf-8
from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.support.wait import WebDriverWait
from selenium.webdriver.support import expected_conditions as EC
from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By #使用By需要导入包
import os

driver = webdriver.Chrome()
driver.implicitly_wait(5)
file = “file:///” + os.path.abspath(“test.html”)
driver.get(file)
locator = (By.ID, ‘checkbox1’) #使用ID来定义这个元祖
for n in range(2): #循环2次，和上面的element_selection_state_to_be(element, is_selected)相同
driver.find_element_by_id(‘checkbox1’).click()
element = EC.element_located_to_be_selected(locator)
print(element(driver))
driver.quit()

4. selenium.webdriver.support.expected_conditions.element_to_be_selected(element)

判断某元素是否被选中，这个与上面是重复的，只是使用的参数不同，不举例了

5. selenium.webdriver.support.expected_conditions.element_located_selection_state_to_be(locator, is_selected)

判断某元素是否与预期相同，相同则返回True，不同则返回False，locator为一个(by, path)元祖，这个就属于前面的结合了，也不举例了

6. selenium.webdriver.support.expected_conditions.element_to_be_clickable(locator)

判断某元素是否可访问并且可启用，比如能够点击，若可以则返回元素本身，否则返回False。locator为一个元祖(by, path)

# coding = utf-8
from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.support.wait import WebDriverWait
from selenium.webdriver.support import expected_conditions as EC
from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By
import os

driver = webdriver.Chrome()
driver.implicitly_wait(5)
file = “file:///” + os.path.abspath(“test.html”)
driver.get(file)
locator = (By.ID, ‘button2’) #button是一个不可点击的按钮
locator2 = (By.ID, ‘p2’) #一个普通的段落
element = EC.element_to_be_clickable(locator)
element2 = EC.element_to_be_clickable(locator2)
print('button2 result : ‘, element(driver)) #打印button2的结果为False
print(’ result : ', element2(driver)) #打印段落结果返回元素本身
driver.quit()

7. selenium.webdriver.support.expected_conditions.frame_to_be_available_and_switch_to_it(locator)

判断某个frame是否可以切换过去，若可以则切换到该frame，否则返回False ，locator为一个元祖(by, path)

# coding = utf-8
from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.support.wait import WebDriverWait
from selenium.webdriver.support import expected_conditions as EC
from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By
import os

driver = webdriver.Chrome()
driver.implicitly_wait(5)
file = “file:///” + os.path.abspath(“test.html”)
driver.get(file)
try :
driver.find_element_by_id(‘kw’).send_keys(‘test’) #给内嵌iframe的百度网页搜索框中输入test
except Exception as msg:
print('error is : ', msg) #由于没有切换到内嵌的iframe，会报错
finally:
locator = (By.XPATH, ‘html/body/iframe’) #定义iframe的locator
element = EC.frame_to_be_available_and_switch_to_it(locator) #判断是否能切换
if element(driver):
driver.find_element_by_id(‘kw’).send_keys(‘test’) #可以切换，再一次在百度输入test
print(‘switch successed’) #打印成功
else :
print(element(driver)) #若不能则返回False
driver.quit()

8. selenium.webdriver.support.expected_conditions.invisibility_of_element_located(locator)

判断某个元素是不是不可访问或者不存在在DOM树中,不存在则返回True，存在则返回True,locator是一个元祖(by, path)

# coding = utf-8
from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.support.wait import WebDriverWait
from selenium.webdriver.support import expected_conditions as EC
from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By
import os

driver = webdriver.Chrome()
driver.implicitly_wait(5)
file = “file:///” + os.path.abspath(“test.html”)
driver.get(file)
locator = (By.ID, ‘button4’) #一个并不存在的元素
element = EC.invisibility_of_element_located(locator)
print(element(driver)) #会返回True
driver.quit()

9. selenium.webdriver.support.expected_conditions.new_window_is_opened(current_handles)

通过是否增加了句柄数量判断是否打开新窗口，有新窗口则返回True，没有新窗口返回False

# coding = utf-8
from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.support.wait import WebDriverWait
from selenium.webdriver.support import expected_conditions as EC
import os

driver = webdriver.Chrome()
driver.implicitly_wait(5)
file = “file:///” + os.path.abspath(“test.html”)
driver.get(file)
current_handles = driver.window_handles #获得当前所有句柄数量
new_window = EC.new_window_is_opened(current_handles)
print('before click, is there new window? ', new_window(driver)) #没有新窗口，会打印False
driver.find_element_by_id(‘link’).click() #点击一个链接
new_window_2 = EC.new_window_is_opened(current_handles) #再次获得当前所有句柄数量
print('after click, is there new window? ',new_window_2(driver)) #有新窗口，会打印True
driver.quit()

10. selenium.webdriver.support.expected_conditions.number_of_windows_to_be(num_windows)

判断窗口数量是否是特定数值，是该数值则返回True，否则返回False

# coding = utf-8
from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.support.wait import WebDriverWait
from selenium.webdriver.support import expected_conditions as EC
from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By
import os

driver = webdriver.Chrome()
driver.implicitly_wait(5)
file = “file:///” + os.path.abspath(“test.html”)
driver.get(file)
windows = EC.number_of_windows_to_be(2) #期望窗口我们设置2个
print('now there is 2 windows? ', windows(driver)) #初始化页面只有一个窗口，会返回False
driver.find_element_by_id(‘link’).click() #点击一下页面内的链接
print('now there is 2 windows? ',windows(driver)) #页面点击后有2个窗口了，会返回True
driver.quit()

11. selenium.webdriver.support.expected_conditions.presence_of_all_elements_located(locator)

判断定位的元素范围内，至少有一个元素存在于页面当中，存在则以list形式返回元素本身，不存在则报错

# coding = utf-8
from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.support.wait import WebDriverWait
from selenium.webdriver.support import expected_conditions as EC
from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By
import os

driver = webdriver.Chrome()
driver.implicitly_wait(5)
file = “file:///” + os.path.abspath(“test.html”)
driver.get(file)
locator = (By.CLASS_NAME, ‘test’) #定位所有class='test’的元素
element = EC.presence_of_all_elements_located(locator)
print(element(driver))
driver.quit()

12. selenium.webdriver.support.expected_conditions.presence_of_element_located(locator)

判断一个元素存在于页面DOM树中，存在则返回元素本身，不存在则报错。这个和上面的基本一样，不举例了。

13. selenium.webdriver.support.expected_conditions.staleness_of(element)

判断某个元素是否不再附加于于DOM树中，不再附加的话返回True，依旧存在返回False

# coding = utf-8
from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.support.wait import WebDriverWait
from selenium.webdriver.support import expected_conditions as EC
import os

driver = webdriver.Chrome()
driver.implicitly_wait(5)
file = “file:///” + os.path.abspath(“inner.html”)
driver.get(file)
element = EC.staleness_of(driver.find_element_by_id(‘p1’))
print(element(driver)) #第一个存在于DOM树中，返回False
driver.find_element_by_id(‘button4’).click() #点击按钮移除
print(element(driver)) #返回True
driver.quit()

14. selenium.webdriver.support.expected_conditions.text_to_be_present_in_element(locator, text_)

判断给定文本是否出现在特定元素中，若存在则返回True，不存在返回False

# coding = utf-8
from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.support.wait import WebDriverWait
from selenium.webdriver.support import expected_conditions as EC
from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By
import os

driver = webdriver.Chrome()
driver.implicitly_wait(5)
file = “file:///” + os.path.abspath(“test.html”)
driver.get(file)
locator = (By.ID, ‘p2’)
element = EC.text_to_be_present_in_element(locator, ‘para’) #查看文本中是否包含’para’
print(element(driver)) #返回True
driver.quit()

15. selenium.webdriver.support.expected_conditions.text_to_be_present_in_element_value(locator, text_)

判断某文本是否是存在于特定元素的value值中，存在则返回True，不存在则返回False，对于查看没有value值的元素，也会返回False

# coding = utf-8
from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.support.wait import WebDriverWait
from selenium.webdriver.support import expected_conditions as EC
from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By
import os

driver = webdriver.Chrome()
driver.implicitly_wait(5)
file = “file:///” + os.path.abspath(“test.html”)
driver.get(file)
locator = (By.ID, ‘p2’)
element = EC.text_to_be_present_in_element_value(locator, ‘para’) #查看的value值中是否包含’para’
print(element(driver)) # 没有value值，所以会返回False
driver.quit()

16. selenium.webdriver.support.expected_conditions.title_contains(title)

判断网页title是否包含特定文本（英文区分大小写），若包含则返回True，不包含返回False

# coding = utf-8
from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.support.wait import WebDriverWait
from selenium.webdriver.support import expected_conditions as EC
import os

driver = webdriver.Chrome()
driver.implicitly_wait(5)
file = “file:///” + os.path.abspath(“test.html”)
driver.get(file)
element = EC.title_contains(‘This’) #查看网页title是否包含’This’
print(element(driver)) #网页的title是’this is title’，由于区分大小写，所以返回False
driver.quit()

17. selenium.webdriver.support.expected_conditions.title_is(title)

判断网页title是否是特定文本（英文区分大小写），若完全相同则返回True，否则返回False

# coding = utf-8
from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.support.wait import WebDriverWait
from selenium.webdriver.support import expected_conditions as EC
import os

driver = webdriver.Chrome()
driver.implicitly_wait(5)
file = “file:///” + os.path.abspath(“test.html”)
driver.get(file)
element = EC.title_is(‘this is title’) #查看网页title是否是’this is title’
print(element(driver)) #完全匹配，返回True
driver.quit()

18. selenium.webdriver.support.expected_conditions.url_changes(url)

判断网页是否更改了，若更改了则返回True，若没有更改则返回False
本例中需要切换窗口才能获得新窗口的URL（driver需要你帮助它切换，不会打开新窗口就自动切换）

# coding = utf-8
from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.support.wait import WebDriverWait
from selenium.webdriver.support import expected_conditions as EC
import os

driver = webdriver.Chrome()
driver.implicitly_wait(5)
file = “file:///” + os.path.abspath(“test.html”)
driver.get(file)
current_window = driver.current_window_handle #获取当前窗口句柄
driver.find_element_by_id(‘link’).click() #点击link迁移到新窗口
all_windows = driver.window_handles # 获取所有窗口句柄
for w in all_windows: # 利用for循环，切换到新窗口
if w != current_window:
driver.switch_to_window(w)
element = EC.url_changes(file) #与初始网址对比查看新窗口网址是否变化
print(element(driver)) #网址变更，返回True
driver.quit()

19. selenium.webdriver.support.expected_conditions.url_contains(url)

判断网址是否包含特定文本（区分大小写），包含则返回True，不包含则返回False

# coding = utf-8
from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.support.wait import WebDriverWait
from selenium.webdriver.support import expected_conditions as EC
import os

driver = webdriver.Chrome()
driver.implicitly_wait(5)
file = “file:///” + os.path.abspath(“test.html”)
driver.get(file)
delement = EC.url_contains(‘Test’) #查看网页是否包含’Test’
print(element(driver)) #区分大小写，所以返回False
driver.quit()

20. selenium.webdriver.support.expected_conditions.url_matches(pattern)

判断网址是否符合特定格式，符合则返回True，不符合则返回False

# coding = utf-8
from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.support.wait import WebDriverWait
from selenium.webdriver.support import expected_conditions as EC
import os

driver = webdriver.Chrome()
driver.implicitly_wait(5)
file = “file:///” + os.path.abspath(“test.html”)
driver.get(file)
current_window = driver.current_window_handle
driver.find_element_by_id(‘link’).click()
all_windows = driver.window_handles
for w in all_windows: # 利用for循环，切换到新窗口
if w != current_window:
driver.switch_to_window(w)
pattern = r’(https)?/[\w-]+(.[\w-]+)+([\w-.,@?^{=%&:/~+#]*[\w-@?}=%&/~+#])?’ #使用正则表达式，规定网址格式（格使要求以https开头）
element = EC.url_matches(pattern) #查看是否以https开头
print(element(driver)) #符合则返回True
driver.quit()

21. selenium.webdriver.support.expected_conditions.url_to_be(url)

判断网页是否为特定网页（必须完全符合），是则返回True，否则返回False

# coding = utf-8
from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.support.wait import WebDriverWait
from selenium.webdriver.support import expected_conditions as EC
import os

driver = webdriver.Chrome()
driver.implicitly_wait(5)
file = “file:///” + os.path.abspath(“test.html”)
driver.get(file)
current_window = driver.current_window_handle
driver.find_element_by_id(‘link’).click()
all_windows = driver.window_handles
for w in all_windows: #切换到新窗口
if w != current_window:
driver.switch_to_window(w)
url = ‘https://www.baidu.com’ #查看的特定网址
element = EC.url_to_be(url) #判断是否符合
print(element(driver)) # 结果返回False
print(driver.current_url) #打印当前网址’.quit()

22. selenium.webdriver.support.expected_conditions.visibility_of_element_located(locator)

判断特定元素是否存在于DOM树中并且可见，可见意为元素的高和宽都大于0，元素存在返回元素本身，否则返回False
这个类和presence_of_element_located(locator)有点像，但后者只强调元素存在于DOM树中，可见不可见无所谓，而前者要求必须高和宽必须都大于0，因此后者在性能上会稍微快一点点

# coding = utf-8
from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.support.wait import WebDriverWait
from selenium.webdriver.support import expected_conditions as EC
from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By
import os

driver = webdriver.Chrome()
driver.implicitly_wait(5)
file = “file:///” + os.path.abspath(“test.html”)
driver.get(file)
locator = (By.ID, ‘p2’) #定位第二个
presence_element = EC.presence_of_element_located(locator) #persence寻找第二个
visibility_element = EC.visibility_of_element_located(locator) #visibility寻找第二个
driver.find_element_by_id(‘button3’).click() #点击按钮，隐藏第二个
print('presence result : ',presence_element(driver)) #打印presence结果，存在于DOM树中，返回元素本身
print('visibility result : ', visibility_element(driver)) #打印visibility结果，元素隐藏，高和宽都为0，因此返回False
driver.quit()

23. selenium.webdriver.support.expected_conditions.visibility_of(element)

同上面一样，不过参数从locator的元组变为元素

# coding = utf-8
from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.support.wait import WebDriverWait
from selenium.webdriver.support import expected_conditions as EC
from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By
import os

driver = webdriver.Chrome()
driver.implicitly_wait(5)
file = “file:///” + os.path.abspath(“test.html”)
driver.get(file)
driver.find_element_by_id(‘button3’).click()#点击按钮，隐藏第二个
element = EC.visibility_of(driver.find_element_by_id(‘p2’))
print(element(driver)) #元素隐藏，所以返回False
driver.quit()

24. selenium.webdriver.support.expected_conditions.visibility_of_all_elements_located(locator)

判断locator定位的所有元素都存在于DOM树中并且可见，可见意为元素高和宽都大于0，存在则以list形式返回元素，否则返回False

# coding = utf-8
from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.support.wait import WebDriverWait
from selenium.webdriver.support import expected_conditions as EC
from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By
import os

driver = webdriver.Chrome()
driver.implicitly_wait(5)
file = “file:///” + os.path.abspath(“test.html”)
driver.get(file)
locator = (By.TAG_NAME, ‘p’)
element = EC.visibility_of_all_elements_located(locator)
print(element(driver)) #以list形式返回所有元素
driver.find_element_by_id(‘button3’).click()
print(element(driver)) #由于一个元素隐藏了，返回False
driver.quit()

25. selenium.webdriver.support.expected_conditions.visibility_of_any_elements_located(locator)

判断locator定位的所有元素中，至少有一个存在于DOM树中并且可见，可见意为元素高和宽都大于0，list形式返回存在的元素，一个元素都不存在的情况下返回空list

# coding = utf-8
from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.support.wait import WebDriverWait
from selenium.webdriver.support import expected_conditions as EC
from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By
import os

driver = webdriver.Chrome()
driver.implicitly_wait(5)
file = “file:///” + os.path.abspath(“test.html”)
driver.get(file)
locator = (By.TAG_NAME, ‘p’)
driver.find_element_by_id(‘button3’).click() #点击隐藏第二个
element = EC.visibility_of_any_elements_located(locator)
print(element(driver)) #返回第一个元素
driver.quit()