一、代词
代词用法注意点
- 名词性所有格代词可作主语、宾语、表语,可用于双重所有格。例如:
This isn’t my book. It’s his. Mine is in the bag. /Is she a friend of yours ?
Do you think this bag of mine beautiful ?/She lost some pencils of hers. - 反身代词可用于某些固定搭配。
例如:①(all)by oneself 自己单干,独立干:
The boy usually finishes his homework by himself.
②of oneself 自动地,自行地:
Mary will correct her mistakes in the exercises of herself.
③for oneself 替/为自己:You have to choose for yourself. - 指示代词this/these一般用来指时间和空间上较近的人或物;that/those 常指时间和空间上较远的人或物。
进行比较时,that可代替不可数名词或单数名词以避免重复;those 可代替复数名词以免重复。例如:
The water of the well is cleaner than that of the river.
The Christmas cards are much better than those you bought yesterday. - 相互代词each other ,one another.前者通常指两者之间的“相互”,后者侧重三者或三者以上的“相互”,也可指两者之间的“相互”。
- 不定代词
①some多用于肯定句;any多用于否定句,疑问句或条件句中。另外some可用于表示请求、提议或者希望得到肯定回答的疑问句中,修饰可数名词,表示“任何、无论哪一个”
例如:
If you have any ink ,please give me some.
Edison became quite expert at it and could find work in any town he went to.
②all 与 none
all表示“三者或三者以上全部”,可以修饰可数、不可数名词。none用于表示对三个或三个以上的人或物的否定,意思是“没有什么人,没有什么东西”,可作主语和宾语。
none of…后的谓语可以是单数或复数形式。
none可以简略回答以How many或How much开头的疑问句。
例如:
None of them have/has failed.
—— How many books are there on the desk ? —— None.
注意:no one (=nobody)不同于none ,作主语时只能跟单数谓语,不可跟of短语连用,
回答以who开头的问句,不能回答How many/much …开头的问句。
例如:
—— Who is in the room ? —— no one(=Nobody).
——Is there any oil in the glass ? —— None.
③other ,another ,the other ,others ,the others
other表示“没有范围的,其他的”,与名词复数连用。如:other books/boys/…
another泛指很多中的“另一个”,可作代词或形容词用,代替或修饰单数可数名词。
例如:
I dont like this hat ,please show me another.
the other可作代词或形容词用,指已知的事物或人中的“另一个”,或另一方中的“全部其他的”。
例如:
I have two sisters.One is a student and the other is a worker./I can see only two teachers in the office.Where are the other teachers ?
others泛指其他的人或物;the others特指其余的人或物。others常和some对比使用。
例如:
Thirty students in our class are boys ,the others are girls.
Some are carrying water ,others are watering the trees.
④one作为不定代词,泛指“任何人”(包括说话人在内),还可用来代替上文出现过的可数名词(指人或物),并有