在圆柱坐标曲面所围的区域上求解时,应采用柱坐标系
(
r
,
θ
,
z
)
(r,\theta,z)
(r,θ,z),此时
Δ
3
=
1
r
∂
∂
r
(
r
∂
∂
r
)
+
1
r
2
∂
2
∂
θ
2
+
∂
2
∂
z
2
\Delta_3=\frac{1}{r}\frac{\partial}{\partial r}(r\frac{\partial}{\partial r})+\frac{1}{r^2}\frac{\partial ^2}{\partial \theta^2}+\frac{\partial^2}{\partial z^2}
Δ3=r1∂r∂(r∂r∂)+r21∂θ2∂2+∂z2∂2
设
v
(
r
,
θ
,
z
)
=
R
(
r
)
Θ
θ
Z
(
z
)
v(r,\theta,z)=R(r)\Theta\theta Z(z)
v(r,θ,z)=R(r)ΘθZ(z),代入Helmholtz方程(1),两边除以
R
Θ
Z
R\Theta Z
RΘZ,有
1
r
(
r
R
′
)
′
R
+
1
r
2
Θ
′
′
Θ
+
Z
′
′
Z
+
k
2
=
0
\frac{\frac{1}{r}(rR')'}{R}+\frac{1}{r^2}\frac{\Theta''}{\Theta}+\frac{Z''}{Z}+k^2=0
Rr1(rR′)′+r21ΘΘ′′+ZZ′′+k2=0
逐层剥离,得常微分方程
Z
′
′
+
μ
Z
=
0
Θ
′
′
+
σ
Θ
=
0
1
r
(
r
R
′
)
′
+
(
k
2
−
μ
−
σ
r
2
)
R
=
0
(
4
)
Z''+\mu Z=0 \\ \Theta''+\sigma \Theta=0 \\ \frac{1}{r}(rR')'+(k^2-\mu-\frac{\sigma}{r^2})R=0 \quad(4)
Z′′+μZ=0Θ′′+σΘ=0r1(rR′)′+(k2−μ−r2σ)R=0(4)
如果改记
λ
=
k
2
−
μ
,
σ
=
v
2
\lambda=k^2-\mu,\sigma=v^2
λ=k2−μ,σ=v2,方程(4)可改写为S-L型方程
(
r
R
′
)
′
+
(
λ
r
−
v
2
r
)
R
=
0
(5)
(rR')'+(\lambda r-\frac{v^2}{r})R=0 \tag{5}
(rR′)′+(λr−rv2)R=0(5)
当
λ
>
0
\lambda>0
λ>0时,作自变量代换
x
=
λ
r
x=\sqrt{\lambda}r
x=λr,记
y
(
x
)
=
R
(
x
r
)
y(x)=R(\frac{x}{\sqrt{r}})
y(x)=R(rx),方程(5)变为
x
2
y
′
′
+
x
y
′
+
(
x
2
−
v
2
)
y
=
0
x^2y''+xy'+(x^2-v^2)y=0
x2y′′+xy′+(x2−v2)y=0
称为v阶贝塞尔(Bessel)方程。
Helmholtz方程在柱坐标系下的变量分离及Bessel方程的导出 | 特殊函数(二) |偏微分方程(二十四)
最新推荐文章于 2022-07-14 17:04:35 发布