一、定时器的概念以及作用
1.定时器的概念以及作用
在芯片中使用晶振作为计时单位,通过对晶振的计数来实现计时,当时间达到定时器设定的时长后,会跳入对应的函数执行对应的操作。
定时器的主要作用是产生一个时基,通俗的讲就是从某一时刻开始,经过一段指定的时间,触发一个中断或超时回调事件,可以在中断或者超时回调函数中处理数据。
2.定时器的工作原理
1)自动计数模式:在时钟条件下,系统自动计数到最大值溢出,代表一次定时完成
(2)调制计数模式:用户自定义定时时间,系统计时到自定义时间,代表一次定时完成
向上计数:向上计数到设定值后重新计数,周期循环,如图:
连续计数:向上计数到最大值后重新计数,周期循环,如图:
上/下计数:向上计数到设定值后,又从设定值向下计数,如图:
3.定时器的分类:
SysTick定时器:系统时钟滴答定时器(定时作用)。
可用作操作系统任务调度时间片
RTC:实时时钟
WatchDog:看门狗时钟,用于异常复位
外设定时器:
基本定时器:定时作用,用作其他定时器功能的时基
通用定时器:输入捕获、输出比较、PWM(输出比较模式中的一种特例)
高级定时器:通用定时器、带死区控制的PWM、三路移相波形(三相电机控制)
二、使用定时器实验串口通信实验
1.题目要求
设置一个5秒的定时器,每隔5秒从串口发送“hello windows!”
2.工程设置
(1)设置定时器
(2)开启定时器的中断
(3)设置SYS为串口通信:
(4)时钟设置
(5)生成工程文件并且打开
3.代码编写
(1)点开main.c文件并且将其所有代码如替换为如下代码
/* USER CODE BEGIN Header */
/**
******************************************************************************
* @file : main.c
* @brief : Main program body
******************************************************************************
* @attention
*
* Copyright (c) 2022 STMicroelectronics.
* All rights reserved.
*
* This software is licensed under terms that can be found in the LICENSE file
* in the root directory of this software component.
* If no LICENSE file comes with this software, it is provided AS-IS.
*
******************************************************************************
*/
/* USER CODE END Header */
/* Includes ------------------------------------------------------------------*/
#include "main.h"
#include "tim.h"
#include "usart.h"
#include "gpio.h"
/* Private includes ----------------------------------------------------------*/
/* USER CODE BEGIN Includes */
/* USER CODE END Includes */
/* Private typedef -----------------------------------------------------------*/
/* USER CODE BEGIN PTD */
/* USER CODE END PTD */
/* Private define ------------------------------------------------------------*/
/* USER CODE BEGIN PD */
/* USER CODE END PD */
/* Private macro -------------------------------------------------------------*/
/* USER CODE BEGIN PM */
/* USER CODE END PM */
/* Private variables ---------------------------------------------------------*/
/* USER CODE BEGIN PV */
/* USER CODE END PV */
/* Private function prototypes -----------------------------------------------*/
void SystemClock_Config(void);
static void MX_NVIC_Init(void);
/* USER CODE BEGIN PFP */
/* USER CODE END PFP */
/* Private user code ---------------------------------------------------------*/
/* USER CODE BEGIN 0 */
/* USER CODE END 0 */
/**
* @brief The application entry point.
* @retval int
*/
int main(void)
{
/* USER CODE BEGIN 1 */
/* USER CODE END 1 */
/* MCU Configuration--------------------------------------------------------*/
/* Reset of all peripherals, Initializes the Flash interface and the Systick. */
HAL_Init();
/* USER CODE BEGIN Init */
/* USER CODE END Init */
/* Configure the system clock */
SystemClock_Config();
/* USER CODE BEGIN SysInit */
/* USER CODE END SysInit */
/* Initialize all configured peripherals */
MX_GPIO_Init();
MX_TIM2_Init();
MX_USART1_UART_Init();
/* Initialize interrupts */
MX_NVIC_Init();
/* USER CODE BEGIN 2 */
HAL_TIM_Base_Start_IT(&htim2); //定时器启动
/* USER CODE END 2 */
/* Infinite loop */
/* USER CODE BEGIN WHILE */
while (1)
{
/* USER CODE END WHILE */
/* USER CODE BEGIN 3 */
}
/* USER CODE END 3 */
}
/**
* @brief System Clock Configuration
* @retval None
*/
void SystemClock_Config(void)
{
RCC_OscInitTypeDef RCC_OscInitStruct = {0};
RCC_ClkInitTypeDef RCC_ClkInitStruct = {0};
/** Initializes the RCC Oscillators according to the specified parameters
* in the RCC_OscInitTypeDef structure.
*/
RCC_OscInitStruct.OscillatorType = RCC_OSCILLATORTYPE_HSE;
RCC_OscInitStruct.HSEState = RCC_HSE_ON;
RCC_OscInitStruct.HSEPredivValue = RCC_HSE_PREDIV_DIV1;
RCC_OscInitStruct.HSIState = RCC_HSI_ON;
RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PLLState = RCC_PLL_ON;
RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PLLSource = RCC_PLLSOURCE_HSE;
RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PLLMUL = RCC_PLL_MUL9;
if (HAL_RCC_OscConfig(&RCC_OscInitStruct) != HAL_OK)
{
Error_Handler();
}
/** Initializes the CPU, AHB and APB buses clocks
*/
RCC_ClkInitStruct.ClockType = RCC_CLOCKTYPE_HCLK|RCC_CLOCKTYPE_SYSCLK
|RCC_CLOCKTYPE_PCLK1|RCC_CLOCKTYPE_PCLK2;
RCC_ClkInitStruct.SYSCLKSource = RCC_SYSCLKSOURCE_PLLCLK;
RCC_ClkInitStruct.AHBCLKDivider = RCC_SYSCLK_DIV1;
RCC_ClkInitStruct.APB1CLKDivider = RCC_HCLK_DIV2;
RCC_ClkInitStruct.APB2CLKDivider = RCC_HCLK_DIV1;
if (HAL_RCC_ClockConfig(&RCC_ClkInitStruct, FLASH_LATENCY_2) != HAL_OK)
{
Error_Handler();
}
}
/**
* @brief NVIC Configuration.
* @retval None
*/
static void MX_NVIC_Init(void)
{
/* TIM2_IRQn interrupt configuration */
HAL_NVIC_SetPriority(TIM2_IRQn, 0, 0);
HAL_NVIC_EnableIRQ(TIM2_IRQn);
}
/* USER CODE BEGIN 4 */
void HAL_TIM_PeriodElapsedCallback(TIM_HandleTypeDef *htim)
{
static uint32_t time_cnt =0;
static uint32_t time_cnt1 =0; //定义变量计算串口的时间
char data[]="hello windows!\n";
if(htim->Instance == TIM2)
{
//串口通信
if(++time_cnt1==80&&++time_cnt1 <96)
{
HAL_UART_Transmit(&huart1, (uint8_t *)data, 15, 0xffff);
time_cnt1=0;
}
//LED灯每隔两秒闪烁流水灯
if(++time_cnt >= 160&&++time_cnt <320)
{
HAL_GPIO_WritePin(GPIOA,GPIO_PIN_5,GPIO_PIN_RESET);//PA5亮灯
HAL_GPIO_WritePin(GPIOB,GPIO_PIN_9,GPIO_PIN_SET);//PB9熄灯
HAL_GPIO_WritePin(GPIOC,GPIO_PIN_14,GPIO_PIN_SET);//PC14熄灯
}
if(++time_cnt >= 320&&++time_cnt <480)
{
HAL_GPIO_WritePin(GPIOA,GPIO_PIN_5,GPIO_PIN_SET);//PA5熄灯
HAL_GPIO_WritePin(GPIOB,GPIO_PIN_9,GPIO_PIN_RESET);//PB9亮灯
HAL_GPIO_WritePin(GPIOC,GPIO_PIN_14,GPIO_PIN_SET);//PC14熄灯
}
if(++time_cnt >= 480&&++time_cnt <640)
{
HAL_GPIO_WritePin(GPIOA,GPIO_PIN_5,GPIO_PIN_SET);//PA5熄灯
HAL_GPIO_WritePin(GPIOB,GPIO_PIN_9,GPIO_PIN_SET);//PB9熄灯
HAL_GPIO_WritePin(GPIOC,GPIO_PIN_14,GPIO_PIN_RESET);//PC14亮灯
// if(++time_cnt >= 560&&++time_cnt <568)
// {
// HAL_UART_Transmit(&huart1, (uint8_t *)data, 15, 0xffff);
// }
}
if(++time_cnt >= 640)
{
time_cnt =0;
HAL_GPIO_WritePin(GPIOC, GPIO_PIN_14, GPIO_PIN_SET);
/*Configure GPIO pin Output Level */
HAL_GPIO_WritePin(GPIOA, GPIO_PIN_5, GPIO_PIN_SET);
/*Configure GPIO pin Output Level */
HAL_GPIO_WritePin(GPIOB, GPIO_PIN_9, GPIO_PIN_SET);
}
}
// if(htim->Instance == TIM2)
// {
// if(++time_cnt1==800&&++time_cnt <960)
// {
// HAL_UART_Transmit(&huart1, (uint8_t *)data, 15, 0xffff);
// time_cnt1=0;
// }
// }
}
/* USER CODE END 4 */
/**
* @brief This function is executed in case of error occurrence.
* @retval None
*/
void Error_Handler(void)
{
/* USER CODE BEGIN Error_Handler_Debug */
/* User can add his own implementation to report the HAL error return state */
__disable_irq();
while (1)
{
}
/* USER CODE END Error_Handler_Debug */
}
#ifdef USE_FULL_ASSERT
/**
* @brief Reports the name of the source file and the source line number
* where the assert_param error has occurred.
* @param file: pointer to the source file name
* @param line: assert_param error line source number
* @retval None
*/
void assert_failed(uint8_t *file, uint32_t line)
{
/* USER CODE BEGIN 6 */
/* User can add his own implementation to report the file name and line number,
ex: printf("Wrong parameters value: file %s on line %d\r\n", file, line) */
/* USER CODE END 6 */
}
#endif /* USE_FULL_ASSERT */
4.最终结果演示:
三、使用定时器实现每隔2秒跳一次的流水灯
1.题目要求
设置一个2秒的定时器,让LED等周期性地闪烁。
2.工程设置
将PA5、PB9、PC14输出设置为高电平