哈佛大学公开课《Positive Psychology 1504》学习笔记 - Goal Setting

设定目标能提升个人成功概率,有助于聚焦精力、调动内外资源。目标不仅影响业绩,还关联幸福感。目标能增强韧性,使人更专注于未来。有了目标,面对困难时更可能克服挑战。目标的实现也受语言力量影响,有意义的目标更易成真。目标与幸福的关系在于,追求目标的过程比达成目标更能带来幸福感。自我和谐的目标,即符合个人价值观和使命的目标,能带来更深的满足感、减少内部冲突,提高成功的可能性。选择真正想做的事情,能激发动力,带来快乐和健康益处。制定目标时,应书面化、设定期限,使其具体明确,分阶段实施。应对压力时,注重工作与休息的平衡,周期性休息和恢复至关重要,避免过度劳累,保持多层级的恢复。工作时专注工作,休息时全情放松,简化生活,找到个人的最优平衡点,克服拖延,通过奖励和公开承诺促进行动。从物质追求转向幸福感知,目标和行动能提升生活质量。
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1    Goal setting theory and practice
1.    People who set goals generally, controlling from other factors, are more successful, whether it's in business, whether it's in other personal lives. Goals matter. They don't just matter though for the "hard currency". They also matter for the "ultimate currency"- the currency of happiness.
1.1    Goals and Performance
1.1.1    Notes
2.    Quite simply, people who set goals are generally, controlling for other things, more successful.
3.    One of the main reasons is because what goals do is they focus us Very often, we are all over the place; we are not sure where we are going. And if we don't know where we are going, we are unlikely to get there .And the focus gets us directed. It brings forth resources- external and internal resources- that are necessary to get there.
4.    Also, goals contribute to performance and well-being because they strengthen our resilience. Those kids who were successful, despite difficult external circumstances, was the fact that they were resilient, and one of the distinguishing characteristics was they set goals for themselves. They were future-oriented. Not only thinking about the past, being "learned helpless"- learning to be helpless, but focusing on the future.
5.    When we have the what for, every how becomes possible. And we are much more likely to overcome difficulties and hardships, if we have a goal, a mission, something that we care about, something that we want to attain. What we are doing with goals with declaring that we believe we are going to get something.
6.    Setting goals makes it more likely to come true. Because our mind does not like when the reason inconsistency between what is inside and what is outside. It wants there to be match. And if I believe in a goal and I declare a goal, the outside is likely to match that.
7.    The other thing that's at work here is the power of the word: words create worlds. Words have power. They have meaning, especially when the words are meaningful to us when the goals that we declare are meaningful to us, they are much more likely to come true.
8.    The connection between concept and conceive is also real. It creates an image in our mind and the mind doesn't know the difference between the imaginary and the real. And the mind wants consistency- that is what goals do. They help us create consistency.
1.1.2    Reflection
有了目标,自己知道自己想要什么,该往哪个方向走,该付出怎样的努力,这样更容易成功,生活也更加充实,心情也会更加愉悦。
目标可以有长远的(比如人生目标),也有年度的,还有短期的(比如一周或一天想要做的事情)。知道自己想要什么很重要,不管是长期的、中期还是短期的。
1.2    Goals and Happiness
1.2.1    Notes
9.    What does lead to happiness? Understanding the proper role of goals. And understanding that it's not the attaining of a goal that leads to happiness, but the having of a goal that leads to happiness.
10.    We need that goal- this outcome, this future orientation, so that we can enjoy the present more. The goals liberate us to enjoy the here and now.
11.     The key is to learn, to enjoy the process. And one of the roles of the goals is to liberate us so that we can enjoy the process.
12.    Again, happiness is not contingent on our status or the state of our bank account. It's contingent on our state of mind, of how we interpret our reality, of on what we choose to focus on And to be happier is the present that
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