NVIDIA显卡驱动安装
1.安装GCC和G++
还是需要安装的,不然大概率安装驱动是会报错的。首先,建议把ubuntu镜像换成华为的,个人感觉这个还是蛮快的
执行
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get upgrade
sudo apt-get install build-essential manpages-dev
sudo apt-get install gcc-7 g+-7
sudo apt-get install make
为安装的GCC和G++设置优先级
sudo update-alternatives --install /usr/bin/gcc gcc /usr/bin/gcc-7 70
sudo update-alternatives --install /usr/bin/g++ g++ /usr/bin/gcc-7 70
如果不想设置优先级,可以用建立软连接的方法
sudo rm /usr/bin/gcc
sudo ln -s /usr/bin/gcc-7 /usr/bin/gcc
sudo rm /usr/bin/g++
sudo ln -s /usr/bin/g++-7 /usr/bin/g++
然后再在bashrc文件中添加:
sudo gedit ~/.bashrc
alias gcc="/usr/bin/gcc-7"
alias g++="/usr/bin/g++-7"
source ~/.bashrc
2.禁用nouveau(ubuntu自带显卡驱动)
sudo gedit /etc/modprobe.d/blacklist.conf
请在末尾加上以下两行,并保存:
blacklist nouveau
options nouveau modeset=0
然后再执行
sudo update-initramfs -u
重启电脑后,验证是否禁用nouveau,输入
lsmod | grep nouveau
什么都没有返回,则表示成功;
3.关闭图形界面(非常重要)
不然的话,大概率是会安装失败的
sudo telinit 3
输入用户名和密码后,进入驱动所在文件夹
cd Downloads
sudo bash Nvidia_550.run
一路回车就行了
然后重启图形界面
sudo service gdm3 restart
CUDA 和CUDNN安装
CUDA对应版本需要根据下面的表进行查找
Cuda版本和显卡架构算力的对应表
CUDA SDKVersion(s) | Tesla | Fermi | Kepler(Early) | Kepler(Late) | Maxwell | Pascal | Volta | Turing | Ampere | Ada Lovelace | Hopper | Blackwell |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 1.0-1.1 | |||||||||||
1.1 | 1.0–1.1+x | |||||||||||
2 | 1.0–1.1+x | |||||||||||
2.1–2.3.1 | 1.0 – 1.3 | |||||||||||
3.0–3.1 | 1.0 | 2.0 | ||||||||||
3.2 | 1.0 | 2.1 | ||||||||||
4.0–4.2 | 1.0 | 2.1 | ||||||||||
5.0–5.5 | 1.0 | 3.5 | ||||||||||
6.0 | 1.0 | 3.2 | 3.5 | |||||||||
6.5 | 1.1 | 3.7 | 5.x | |||||||||
7.0–7.5 | 2.0 | 5.x | ||||||||||
8.0 | 2.0 | 6.x | ||||||||||
9.0–9.2 | 3.0 | 7.0–7.2 | ||||||||||
10.0–10.2 | 3.0 | 7.5 | ||||||||||
11.0 | 3.5 | 8.0 | ||||||||||
11.1–11.4 | 3.5 | 8.6 | ||||||||||
11.5–11.7.1 | 3.5 | 8.7 | ||||||||||
11.8 | 3.5 | 8.9 | 9.0 | |||||||||
12.0 – 12.4 | 5.0 | 9.0 |
显卡和算力对照表
由于不同显卡算力不同,所以对应的cuda版本也是不同的,例如3090显卡算力是8.6,这时候最低的cuda版本就是11.1,所以如果安装低于这两个版本的CUDA,则会无法使用pytorch_gpu。这时候一定要参照下面这个表格,根据自己显卡的算力来选择CUDA版本。
算 力 (version) | 微架构 | GPU代号 | GeForce | Quadro、NVS | Tesla | Tegra、Jetson |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1.0 | Tesla | G80 | GeForce 8800 Ultra, GeForce 8800 GTX, GeForce 8800 GTS(G80) | Quadro FX 5600, Quadro FX 4600, Quadro Plex 2100 S4 | Tesla C870, Tesla D870, Tesla S870 | |
1.1 | G92, G94, G96, G98, G84, G86 | GeForce GTS 250, GeForce 9800 GX2, GeForce 9800 GTX, GeForce 9800 GT, GeForce 8800 GTS(G92), GeForce 8800 GT, GeForce 9600 GT, GeForce 9500 GT, GeForce 9400 GT, GeForce 8600 GTS, GeForce 8600 GT, GeForce 8500 GT, GeForce G110M, GeForce 9300M GS, GeForce 9200M GS, GeForce 9100M G, GeForce 8400M GT, GeForce G105M | Quadro FX 4700 X2, Quadro FX 3700, Quadro FX 1800, Quadro FX 1700, Quadro FX 580, Quadro FX 570, Quadro FX 470, Quadro FX 380, Quadro FX 370, Quadro FX 370 Low Profile, Quadro NVS 450, Quadro NVS 420, Quadro NVS 290, Quadro NVS 295, Quadro Plex 2100 D4, Quadro FX 3800M, Quadro FX 3700M, Quadro FX 3600M, Quadro FX 2800M, Quadro FX 2700M, Quadro FX 1700M, Quadro FX 1600M, Quadro FX 770M, Quadro FX 570M, Quadro FX 370M, Quadro FX 360M, Quadro NVS 320M, Quadro NVS 160M, Quadro NVS 150M, Quadro NVS 140M, Quadro NVS 135M, Quadro NVS 130M, Quadro NVS 450, Quadro NVS 420,[48] Quadro NVS 295 | |||
1.2 | GT218, GT216, GT215 | GeForce GT 340*, GeForce GT 330*, GeForce GT 320*, GeForce 315*, GeForce 310*, GeForce GT 240, GeForce GT 220, GeForce 210, GeForce GTS 360M, GeForce GTS 350M, GeForce GT 335M, GeForce GT 330M, GeForce GT 325M, GeForce GT 240M, GeForce G210M, GeForce 310M, GeForce 305M | Quadro FX 380 Low Profile, Quadro FX 1800M, Quadro FX 880M, Quadro FX 380M, Nvidia NVS 300, NVS 5100M, NVS 3100M, NVS 2100M, ION | |||
1.3 | GT200, GT200b | GeForce GTX 295, GTX 285, GTX 280, GeForce GTX 275, GeForce GTX 260 | Quadro FX 5800, Quadro FX 4800, Quadro FX 4800 for Mac, Quadro FX 3800, Quadro CX, Quadro Plex 2200 D2 | Tesla C1060, Tesla S1070, Tesla M1060 | ||
2.0 | Fermi | GF100, GF110 | GeForce GTX 590, GeForce GTX 580, GeForce GTX 570, GeForce GTX 480, GeForce GTX 470, GeForce GTX 465, GeForce GTX 480M | Quadro 6000, Quadro 5000, Quadro 4000, Quadro 4000 for Mac, Quadro Plex 7000, Quadro 5010M, Quadro 5000M | Tesla C2075, Tesla C2050/C2070, Tesla M2050/M2070/M2075/M2090 | |
2.1 | GF104, GF106 GF108, GF114, GF116, GF117, GF119 | GeForce GTX 560 Ti, GeForce GTX 550 Ti, GeForce GTX 460, GeForce GTS 450, GeForce GTS 450*, GeForce GT 640 (GDDR3), GeForce GT 630, GeForce GT 620, GeForce GT 610, GeForce GT 520, GeForce GT 440, GeForce GT 440*, GeForce GT 430, GeForce GT 430*, GeForce GT 420*, GeForce GTX 675M, GeForce GTX 670M, GeForce GT 635M, GeForce GT 630M, GeForce GT 625M, GeForce GT 720M, GeForce GT 620M, GeForce 710M, GeForce 610M, GeForce 820M, GeForce GTX 580M, GeForce GTX 570M, GeForce GTX 560M, GeForce GT 555M, GeForce GT 550M, GeForce GT 540M, GeForce GT 525M, GeForce GT 520MX, GeForce GT 520M, GeForce GTX 485M, GeForce GTX 470M, GeForce GTX 460M, GeForce GT 445M, GeForce GT 435M, GeForce GT 420M, GeForce GT 415M, GeForce 710M, GeForce 410M | Quadro 2000, Quadro 2000D, Quadro 600, Quadro 4000M, Quadro 3000M, Quadro 2000M, Quadro 1000M, NVS 310, NVS 315, NVS 5400M, NVS 5200M, NVS 4200M | |||
3.0 | Kepler | GK104, GK106, GK107 | GeForce GTX 770, GeForce GTX 760, GeForce GT 740, GeForce GTX 690, GeForce GTX 680, GeForce GTX 670, GeForce GTX 660 Ti, GeForce GTX 660, GeForce GTX 650 Ti BOOST, GeForce GTX 650 Ti, GeForce GTX 650, GeForce GTX 880M, GeForce GTX 870M, GeForce GTX 780M, GeForce GTX 770M, GeForce GTX 765M, GeForce GTX 760M, GeForce GTX 680MX, GeForce GTX 680M, GeForce GTX 675MX, GeForce GTX 670MX, GeForce GTX 660M, GeForce GT 750M, GeForce GT 650M, GeForce GT 745M, GeForce GT 645M, GeForce GT 740M, GeForce GT 730M, GeForce GT 640M, GeForce GT 640M LE, GeForce GT 735M, GeForce GT 730M | Quadro K5000, Quadro K4200, Quadro K4000, Quadro K2000, Quadro K2000D, Quadro K600, Quadro K420, Quadro K500M, Quadro K510M, Quadro K610M, Quadro K1000M, Quadro K2000M, Quadro K1100M, Quadro K2100M, Quadro K3000M, Quadro K3100M, Quadro K4000M, Quadro K5000M, Quadro K4100M, Quadro K5100M, NVS 510, Quadro 410 | Tesla K10, GRID K340, GRID K520, GRID K2 | |
3.2 | GK20A | Tegra K1, Jetson TK1 | ||||
3.5 | GK110, GK208 | GeForce GTX Titan Z, GeForce GTX Titan Black, GeForce GTX Titan, GeForce GTX 780 Ti, GeForce GTX 780, GeForce GT 640 (GDDR5), GeForce GT 630 v2, GeForce GT 730, GeForce GT 720, GeForce GT 710, GeForce GT 740M (64-bit, DDR3), GeForce GT 920M | Quadro K6000, Quadro K5200 | Tesla K40, Tesla K20x, Tesla K20 | ||
3.7 | GK210 | Tesla K80 | ||||
5.0 | Maxwell | GM107, GM108 | GeForce GTX 750 Ti, GeForce GTX 750, GeForce GTX 960M, GeForce GTX 950M, GeForce 940M, GeForce 930M, GeForce GTX 860M, GeForce GTX 850M, GeForce 845M, GeForce 840M, GeForce 830M | Quadro K1200, Quadro K2200, Quadro K620, Quadro M2000M, Quadro M1000M, Quadro M600M, Quadro K620M, NVS 810 | Tesla M10 | |
5.2 | GM200, GM204, GM206 | GeForce GTX Titan X, GeForce GTX 980 Ti, GeForce GTX 980, GeForce GTX 970, GeForce GTX 960, GeForce GTX 950, GeForce GTX 750 SE, GeForce GTX 980M, GeForce GTX 970M, GeForce GTX 965M | Quadro M6000 24GB, Quadro M6000, Quadro M5000, Quadro M4000, Quadro M2000, Quadro M5500, Quadro M5000M, Quadro M4000M, Quadro M3000M | Tesla M4, Tesla M40, Tesla M6, Tesla M60 | ||
5.3 | GM20B | Tegra X1, Jetson TX1, Jetson Nano, DRIVE CX, DRIVE PX | ||||
6.0 | Pascal | GP100 | Quadro GP100 | Tesla P100 | ||
6.1 | GP102, GP104, GP106, GP107, GP108 | Nvidia TITAN Xp, Titan X, GeForce GTX 1080 Ti, GTX 1080, GTX 1070 Ti, GTX 1070, GTX 1060, GTX 1050 Ti, GTX 1050, GT 1030, GT 1010, MX350, MX330, MX250, MX230, MX150, MX130, MX110 | Quadro P6000, Quadro P5000, Quadro P4000, Quadro P2200, Quadro P2000, Quadro P1000, Quadro P400, Quadro P500, Quadro P520, Quadro P600, Quadro P5000(Mobile), Quadro P4000(Mobile), Quadro P3000(Mobile) | Tesla P40, Tesla P6, Tesla P4 | ||
6.2 | GP10B[49] | Tegra X2, Jetson TX2, DRIVE PX 2 | ||||
7.0 | Volta | GV100 | NVIDIA TITAN V | Quadro GV100 | Tesla V100, Tesla V100S | |
7.2 | GV10B[50] | Tegra Xavier, Jetson Xavier NX, Jetson AGX Xavier, DRIVE AGX Xavier, DRIVE AGX Pegasus, Clara AGX | ||||
7.5 | Turing | TU102, TU104, TU106, TU116, TU117 | NVIDIA TITAN RTX, GeForce RTX 2080 Ti, RTX 2080 Super, RTX 2080, RTX 2070 Super, RTX 2070, RTX 2060 Super, RTX 2060 12GB, RTX 2060, GeForce GTX 1660 Ti, GTX 1660 Super, GTX 1660, GTX 1650 Super, GTX 1650, MX550, MX450 | Quadro RTX 8000, Quadro RTX 6000, Quadro RTX 5000, Quadro RTX 4000, T1000, T600, T400 T1200(mobile), T600(mobile), T500(mobile), Quadro T2000(mobile), Quadro T1000(mobile) | Tesla T4 | |
8.0 | Ampere | GA100 | A100 80GB, A100 40GB, A30 | |||
8.6 | GA102, GA103, GA104, GA106, GA107 | GeForce RTX 3090 Ti, RTX 3090, RTX 3080 Ti, RTX 3080 12GB, RTX 3080, RTX 3070 Ti, RTX 3070, RTX 3060 Ti, RTX 3060, RTX 3050, RTX 3050 Ti(mobile), RTX 3050(mobile), RTX 2050(mobile), MX570 | RTX A6000, RTX A5500, RTX A5000, RTX A4500, RTX A4000, RTX A2000 RTX A5000(mobile), RTX A4000(mobile), RTX A3000(mobile), RTX A2000(mobile) | A40, A16, A10, A2 | ||
8.7 | GA10B | Jetson Orin Nano, Jetson Orin NX, Jetson AGX Orin, DRIVE AGX Orin, DRIVE AGX Pegasus OA, Clara Holoscan | ||||
8.9 | Ada Lovelace | AD102, AD103, AD104, AD106, AD107 | GeForce RTX 4090, RTX 4080 Super, RTX 4080, RTX 4070 Ti Super, RTX 4070 Ti, RTX 4070 Super, RTX 4070, RTX 4060 Ti, RTX 4060 | RTX 6000 Ada, RTX 5880 Ada, RTX 5000 Ada, RTX 4500 Ada, RTX 4000 Ada, RTX 4000 SFF | L40S, L40, L20, L4, L2 | |
9.0 | Hopper | GH100 | H200, H100 | |||
10.0 | Blackwell | GB100 | B100 | |||
10.x | Blackwell | GB202 | B40 | |||
安装
查找到对应cuda版本后,直接安装就行,这里展示的是多版本cuda安装,例如,我们同时需要CUDA11.1和CUDA10.2,至于为什么我要安装CUDA10.2,可以参考下面的MMCV版本图,只有CUDA10.2的兼容性是最好的。
首先安装CUDA软件
sudo bash CUDA11.1.run
只需要注意这里不要选,因为驱动已经安装过了,然后选择install就行了。
这时候,我们安装对应版本的CUDNN,如果下载的是deb格式的,
sudo dpkg -i cudnn.deb
而我习惯下载"Installer for linux x86_64(Tar)"格式的文件,解压后,进入目录文件,然后执行:
sudo cp cuda/include/cudnn.h /usr/local/cuda-11.1/include/
sudo cp cuda/lib64/libcudnn* /usr/local/cuda-11.1/lib64/
sudo chmod a+r /usr/local/cuda-11.1/include/cudnn.h
sudo chmod a+r /usr/local/cuda-11.1/lib64/libcudnn*
然后安装另一个版本的CUDA和CUDNN(10.2和11.1版本先后顺序无所谓,但是一定要先安装cuda然后安装对应的cudnn)
sudo bash CUDA10.2.run
sudo cp cuda/include/cudnn.h /usr/local/cuda-10.2/include/
sudo cp cuda/lib64/libcudnn* /usr/local/cuda-10.2/lib64/
sudo chmod a+r /usr/local/cuda-10.2/include/cudnn.h
sudo chmod a+r /usr/local/cuda-10.2/lib64/libcudnn*
过程和上面一样。
然后是设置cuda路径,注意这里的路径是“/usr/local/cuda”,而非"/usr/local/cuda-10.2"或者"/usr/local/cuda-11.1"之类的
sudo gedit ~/.bashrc
然后在文件后面添加以下内容
export CUDA_HOME=/usr/local/cuda
export PATH=/usr/local/cuda/bin:$PATH
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=/usr/local/cuda/lib64:$LD_LIBRARY_PATH
保存之后,执行
source ~/.bashrc
下面的步骤建议保存,因为有时候要切换CUDA版本,这时候可能会忘记。
切换cuda10.2
sudo rm -rf /usr/local/cuda
sudo ln -s /usr/local/cuda-10.2 /usr/local/cuda
切换cuda11.1
sudo rm -rf /usr/local/cuda
sudo ln -s /usr/local/cuda-11.1 /usr/local/cuda
其他版本的cuda也是这样,没有区别。
Pytorch安装
这里是CUDA和Pytorch版本的对应关系,根据表格内容在官网中选择对应下载代码
torch | torchvision | python | CUDA |
---|---|---|---|
2.2 | 0.17 | >=3.8, <=3.11 | |
2.1.0 | 0.16 | >=3.8, <=3.11 | 11.8, 12.1 |
2.0.0 | >0.14 | >=3.7, <=3.10 | 11.7, 11.8 |
1.13.0 | 0.14 | >=3.7, <=3.11 | 11.6, 11.7 |
1.12.0 | 0.13 | >=3.7, <=3.10 | 10.2, 11.3, 11.6 |
1.11.0 | 0.12.0 | >=3.7, <=3.10 | 10.2, 11.3 |
1.10.2 | 0.11.3 | >=3.6, <=3.9 | 10.2, 11.3 |
1.10.1 | 0.11.2 | >=3.6, <=3.9 | 10.2, 11.3 |
1.10.0 | 0.11.1 | >=3.6, <=3.9 | 10.2, 11.3 |
1.9.1 | 0.10.1 | >=3.6, <=3.9 | 10.2, 11.3 |
1.9.0 | 0.10.0 | >=3.6, <=3.9 | 10.2, 11.3 |
1.8.0 | 0.9.0 | >=3.6, <=3.9 | 9.2, 10.1, 10.2, 11.0 |
1.7.1 | 0.8.2 | >=3.6, <=3.9 | 9.2, 10.1, 10.2, 11.0 |
1.7.0 | 0.8.0 | >=3.6, <=3.8 | 9.2, 10.1, 10.2, 11.0 |
1.6.0 | 0.7.0 | >=3.6, <=3.8 | 9.2, 10.1, 10.2 |
1.5.1 | 0.6.1 | >=3.5, <=3.8 | 9.2, 10.1, 10.2 |
1.5.0 | 0.6.0 | >=3.5, <=3.8 | 9.2, 10.1, 10.2 |
1.4.0 | 0.5.0 | ==2.7, >=3.5, <=3.8 | 9.2, 10.0 |
1.3.1 | 0.4.2 | ==2.7, >=3.5, <=3.7 | 9.2, 10.0 |
1.3.0 | 0.4.1 | ==2.7, >=3.5, <=3.7 | 9.2, 10.0 |
1.2.0 | 0.4.0 | ==2.7, >=3.5, <=3.7 | 9.2, 10.0 |
1.1.0 | 0.3.0 | ==2.7, >=3.5, <=3.7 | 9.0, 10.0 |
<=1.0.1 | 0.2.2 | ==2.7, >=3.5, <=3.7 | 9.0, 10.0 |
MMCV-full版本对照表
以下打✅的表示存在mmcv-full的版本,而且要注意,mmcv2.0.0以后的版本不再区分mmcv和mmcv-full,MMCV2.x 中,mmcv-full被重命名为mmcv,mmcv被重名为 mmcv-lite。
包名 | <2.0 | >=2.0 |
---|---|---|
mmcv-full | 包含CUDA算子 | 没有这个包 |
mmcv | 不包含CUDA算子 | 包含CUDA算子 |
mmcv-lite | 没有这个包 | 不包含CUDA算子 |
之前的版本MMCV1.x 中,据官网描述,mmcv和mmcv-full不能同时安装,不然会报错,且mmcv-full只能在pytorch的1.x.0版本上进行编译。 |
Cuda版本 | torch1.11 | torch1.10 | torch1.9 | torch1.8 | torch1.7 | torch1.6 | torch1.5 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
11.5 | ✅ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ |
11.3 | ✅ | ✅ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ |
11.1 | ❌ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ |
11.0 | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ | ✅ | ❌ | ❌ |
10.2 | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ |
9.2 | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ |
在官网中中输入自己的各种版本,然后按要求安装