import cv2
import numpy as np
#用来进行图像的堆栈代码,可以复制使用
def stackImages(scale,imgArray):
rows = len(imgArray)
cols = len(imgArray[0])
rowsAvailable = isinstance(imgArray[0], list)
width = imgArray[0][0].shape[1]
height = imgArray[0][0].shape[0]
if rowsAvailable:
for x in range ( 0, rows):
for y in range(0, cols):
if imgArray[x][y].shape[:2] == imgArray[0][0].shape [:2]:
imgArray[x][y] = cv2.resize(imgArray[x][y], (0, 0), None, scale, scale)
else:
imgArray[x][y] = cv2.resize(imgArray[x][y], (imgArray[0][0].shape[1], imgArray[0][0].shape[0]), None, scale, scale)
if len(imgArray[x][y].shape) == 2: imgArray[x][y]= cv2.cvtColor( imgArray[x][y], cv2.COLOR_GRAY2BGR)
imageBlank = np.zeros((height, width, 3), np.uint8)
hor = [imageBlank]*rows
hor_con = [imageBlank]*rows
for x in range(0, rows):
hor[x] = np.hstack(imgArray[x])
ver = np.vstack(hor)
else:
for x in range(0, rows):
if imgArray[x].shape[:2] == imgArray[0].shape[:2]:
imgArray[x] = cv2.resize(imgArray[x], (0, 0), None, scale, scale)
else:
imgArray[x] = cv2.resize(imgArray[x], (imgArray[0].shape[1], imgArray[0].shape[0]), None,scale, scale)
if len(imgArray[x].shape) == 2: imgArray[x] = cv2.cvtColor(imgArray[x], cv2.COLOR_GRAY2BGR)
hor= np.hstack(imgArray)
ver = hor
return ver
#轮廓contour
# 特征feature
# 面积area
# 弧长perimeter
# 图像矩image moment
def getContours(img):
#img是二值图像
contours,hierarchy = cv2.findContours(img,cv2.RETR_EXTERNAL,cv2.CHAIN_APPROX_NONE)#返回值一个是轮廓本身,还有一个是每条轮廓对应的属性。
for cnt in contours:
area = cv2.contourArea(cnt)#求得轮廓的面积
#输出轮廓的面积
print('轮廓的面积',area)
if area>500:
cv2.drawContours(imgContour, cnt, -1, (255, 0, 0), 3)
#计算轮廓周长
peri = cv2.arcLength(cnt,True)#这个函数的第二参数可以用来指定对象的形状是闭合(True),还是打开的(一条曲线)
print('轮廓的周长',peri)
#轮廓近似
approx = cv2.approxPolyDP(cnt,0.02*peri,True)#输出的是多边形的顶点坐标
print(approx)
#输出坐标的个数
print(len(approx))
objCor = len(approx)
#获得图像的最小矩形信息
x, y, w, h = cv2.boundingRect(approx)
#判断输出坐标的个数
if objCor ==3: objectType ="sjx"
elif objCor == 4:
aspRatio = w/float(h)
if aspRatio >0.98 and aspRatio <1.02: objectType= "zfx"
else:objectType="jx "
elif objCor>4: objectType= "y"
else:objectType="None"
#画出三角形并和文本
cv2.rectangle(imgContour,(x,y),(x+w,y+h),(0,255,0),2)
cv2.putText(imgContour,objectType,(x+(w//2)-10,y+(h//2)-10),cv2.FONT_HERSHEY_COMPLEX,0.7,(0,0,0),2)
img = cv2.imread('shapes.png')
imgContour = img.copy()
imgGray = cv2.cvtColor(img,cv2.COLOR_BGR2GRAY)
imgBlur = cv2.GaussianBlur(imgGray,(7,7),1)
imgCanny = cv2.Canny(imgBlur,50,50)
getContours(imgCanny)
imgBlank = np.zeros_like(img)
imgStack = stackImages(0.8,([img,imgGray,imgBlur],
[imgCanny,imgContour,imgBlank]))
cv2.imshow("Stack", imgStack)
cv2.waitKey(0)
通过对opencv基础知识的学习,我们利用简单的函数进行对物体形状及轮廓进行识别和显示,基本操作是:
对图片进行一系列操作(灰度化,模糊化,二值化,提取边缘轮廓),并进行轮廓的寻找和绘制,通过轮廓可以获得角点的坐标并进行形状的判断,最后输出相应的形状类型。
原图片如下:
仅供学习参考,如有不足,敬请指正!