PyTorch入门实战教程笔记（二十四）：卷积神经网络实现 2

PyTorch入门实战教程笔记（二十四）：卷积神经网络实现 2：ResNet实现CIFAR10

CIFAR10数据集介绍

关于CIFAR-10数据集，可以访问它的官网进行下载：
http://www.cs.toronto.edu/~kriz/cifar.html。
CIFAR包含常见的10类物体的照片，照片的size 为32×32，每一类照片有6000张，所以一共6万张照片，我们把6万张照片随机选出5万张照片作为training，剩余的1万张作为test.

CIFAR10代码实战准备

1. 数据集的加载与使用，加载数据要用到的函数类：DataLoader、datasets、transforms，从对应的包中导入。过iter方法把DataLoader迭代器先得到，使用迭代器.next()方法得到一个batch，来验证数据的shape和label的shape，得到最终结果：x: torch.Size([32, 3, 32, 32]) label: torch.Size([32])。详细代码：

import  torch
from    torch.utils.data import DataLoader
from    torchvision import datasets
from    torchvision import transforms

def main():
    batchsz = 32

    #当前目录下新建文件夹'cifar'，train = True，transform对数据进行变换，download=True自动下载数据集
    cifar_train = datasets.CIFAR10('cifar', True, transform=transforms.Compose([
        transforms.Resize((32, 32)),
        transforms.ToTensor(),
        transforms.Normalize(mean=[0.485, 0.456, 0.406],
                             std=[0.229, 0.224, 0.225])
    ]), download=True)
    #DataLoader方便一次加载多个，第一个参数为数据集cifar_train，第二个参数batch_size为每次批处理数量，
    #根据显卡设置batch_size，不要太小。第三个参数shuffle为打乱，设置成True。
    cifar_train = DataLoader(cifar_train, batch_size=batchsz, shuffle=True)

    cifar_test = datasets.CIFAR10('cifar', False, transform=transforms.Compose([
        transforms.Resize((32, 32)),
        transforms.ToTensor(),
        transforms.Normalize(mean=[0.485, 0.456, 0.406],
                             std=[0.229, 0.224, 0.225])
    ]), download=True)
    cifar_test = DataLoader(cifar_test, batch_size=batchsz, shuffle=True)

    #通过iter方法把DataLoader迭代器先得到，使用迭代器.next()方法得到一个batch。
    x, label = iter(cifar_train).next()
    print('x:', x.shape, 'label:', label.shape)

if __name__ == '__main__':
    main()

2. 新建一个类resnet，所有的pytorch的神经结构类都要继承自nn.Module这个类，使用from torch import nn，将其导入。新建类的初始化方法，调用super(ResBlk, self).init()，调用类的初始化方法类初始化父类。我们前面已经说了，最关键是resnet的基本单元，接下来参考下图来写这个基本单元。
   
   根据上图，我们应该这个单元块的输入，输出，所以定义函数传入参数：def init(self, ch_in, ch_out, stride=1)，
   然后通过super(ResBlk, self).init()初始化，使用nn.Conv2d()建立self.conv1层，通过nn.BatchNorm2d实现一个BN层bn1，把数据分布缩放到一定的范围，有利于训练。接着同样构造conv2, bn2。同样道理，新建一个forward()函数，通过F.relu(self.bn1(self.conv1(x)))实现relu。接下来考虑shotcut，有一个问题，如果ch_in和ch_out一样的话，能够直接相加，如果不一样，就需要输入再加一个单元，将ch_in扩展成和ch_out一样。所以我们要有一个if的判断，判断如果不一样，通过self.extra = nn.Sequential()将其扩展为一样的。同时在forward中使用out = self.extra(x) + out。
   此外，随着网络深度的加深，如果stride一直为1，由于padding的存在，会使图片的大小一直不变，所以我们在初始化时，应该设置一下stride参数，并使ResBlk的conv1的stride可以调节，同样，也要调节输入的图片的stride，即nn.Sequential()里面的stride。基本单元模块实现代码如下：

import  torch
from    torch import  nn
from    torch.nn import functional as F

class ResBlk(nn.Module):
    """
    resnet block
    """
    def __init__(self, ch_in, ch_out, stride=1):
        """
        :param ch_in:
        :param ch_out:
        """
        super(ResBlk, self).__init__()
        # we add stride support for resbok, which is distinct from tutorials.
        self.conv1 = nn.Conv2d(ch_in, ch_out, kernel_size=3, stride=stride, padding=1)
        self.bn1 = nn.BatchNorm2d(ch_out)
        self.conv2 = nn.Conv2d(ch_out, ch_out, kernel_size=3, stride=1, padding=1)
        self.bn2 = nn.BatchNorm2d(ch_out)

        self.extra = nn.Sequential()
        if ch_out != ch_in:
            # [b, ch_in, h, w] => [b, ch_out, h, w]
            self.extra = nn.Sequential(
                nn.Conv2d(ch_in, ch_out, kernel_size=1, stride=stride),
                nn.BatchNorm2d(ch_out)
            )

    def forward(self, x):
        """
        :param x: [b, ch, h, w]
        :return:
        """
        out = F.relu(self.bn1(self.conv1(x)))
        out = self.bn2(self.conv2(out))
        # short cut.
        # extra module: [b, ch_in, h, w] => [b, ch_out, h, w]
        # element-wise add:
        out = self.extra(x) + out
        out = F.relu(out)
        
        return out

做完ResBlk类，我们开始构建一个ResNet18的类，参考下图：

通过super(ResNet18, self).init()初始化，然后建立第一层conv1，接着跟4个blocks，使用前面定义的ResBlk类，如：self.blk1 = ResBlk(64, 128, stride=2)，最后一层输出层为线性层 。在forward中，先将构建的conv1(x)在上激活函数，然后连续四个x = self.blk n (x), 然后通过x = F.adaptive_avg_pool2d(x, [1, 1])做一个全局平均池化，因为使用线性层要打平，所以使用x = x.view(x.size(0), -1)将其打平之后，在调用x = self.outlayer(x)。详细代码如下：

class ResNet18(nn.Module):

    def __init__(self):
        super(ResNet18, self).__init__()
        self.conv1 = nn.Sequential(
            nn.Conv2d(3, 64, kernel_size=3, stride=3, padding=0),
            nn.BatchNorm2d(64)
        )
        # followed 4 blocks
        # [b, 64, h, w] => [b, 128, h ,w]
        self.blk1 = ResBlk(64, 128, stride=2)
        # [b, 128, h, w] => [b, 256, h, w]
        self.blk2 = ResBlk(128, 256, stride=2)
        # # [b, 256, h, w] => [b, 512, h, w]
        self.blk3 = ResBlk(256, 512, stride=2)
        # # [b, 512, h, w] => [b, 1024, h, w]
        self.blk4 = ResBlk(512, 512, stride=2)

        self.outlayer = nn.Linear(512*1*1, 10)
    def forward(self, x):
        """
        :param x:
        :return:
        """
        x = F.relu(self.conv1(x))

        # [b, 64, h, w] => [b, 1024, h, w]
        x = self.blk1(x)
        x = self.blk2(x)
        x = self.blk3(x)
        x = self.blk4(x)
        # print('after conv:', x.shape) #[b, 512, 2, 2]
        # [b, 512, h, w] => [b, 512, 1, 1]
        x = F.adaptive_avg_pool2d(x, [1, 1])
        # print('after pool:', x.shape)
        x = x.view(x.size(0), -1)
        x = self.outlayer(x)

        return x

综上，resnet18.py文件的整体代码如下：

import  torch
from    torch import  nn
from    torch.nn import functional as F

class ResBlk(nn.Module):
    """
    resnet block
    """
    def __init__(self, ch_in, ch_out, stride=1):
        """
        :param ch_in:
        :param ch_out:
        """
        super(ResBlk, self).__init__()
        # we add stride support for resbok, which is distinct from tutorials.
        self.conv1 = nn.Conv2d(ch_in, ch_out, kernel_size=3, stride=stride, padding=1)
        self.bn1 = nn.BatchNorm2d(ch_out)
        self.conv2 = nn.Conv2d(ch_out, ch_out, kernel_size=3, stride=1, padding=1)
        self.bn2 = nn.BatchNorm2d(ch_out)

        self.extra = nn.Sequential()
        if ch_out != ch_in:
            # [b, ch_in, h, w] => [b, ch_out, h, w]
            self.extra = nn.Sequential(
                nn.Conv2d(ch_in, ch_out, kernel_size=1, stride=stride),
                nn.BatchNorm2d(ch_out)
            )

    def forward(self, x):
        """
        :param x: [b, ch, h, w]
        :return:
        """
        out = F.relu(self.bn1(self.conv1(x)))
        out = self.bn2(self.conv2(out))
        # short cut.
        # extra module: [b, ch_in, h, w] => [b, ch_out, h, w]
        # element-wise add:
        out = self.extra(x) + out
        out = F.relu(out)
        
        return out

class ResNet18(nn.Module):

    def __init__(self):
        super(ResNet18, self).__init__()

        self.conv1 = nn.Sequential(
            nn.Conv2d(3, 64, kernel_size=3, stride=3, padding=0),
            nn.BatchNorm2d(64)
        )
        # followed 4 blocks
        # [b, 64, h, w] => [b, 128, h ,w]
        self.blk1 = ResBlk(64, 128, stride=2)
        # [b, 128, h, w] => [b, 256, h, w]
        self.blk2 = ResBlk(128, 256, stride=2)
        # # [b, 256, h, w] => [b, 512, h, w]
        self.blk3 = ResBlk(256, 512, stride=2)
        # # [b, 512, h, w] => [b, 1024, h, w]
        self.blk4 = ResBlk(512, 512, stride=2)

        self.outlayer = nn.Linear(512*1*1, 10)

    def forward(self, x):
        """
        :param x:
        :return:
        """
        x = F.relu(self.conv1(x))
        # [b, 64, h, w] => [b, 1024, h, w]
        x = self.blk1(x)
        x = self.blk2(x)
        x = self.blk3(x)
        x = self.blk4(x)

        # print('after conv:', x.shape) #[b, 512, 2, 2]
        # [b, 512, h, w] => [b, 512, 1, 1]
        x = F.adaptive_avg_pool2d(x, [1, 1])
        # print('after pool:', x.shape)
        x = x.view(x.size(0), -1)
        x = self.outlayer(x)
        
        return x

def main():

    blk = ResBlk(64, 128, stride=4)
    tmp = torch.randn(2, 64, 32, 32)
    out = blk(tmp)
    print('block:', out.shape)

    x = torch.randn(2, 3, 32, 32)
    model = ResNet18()
    out = model(x)
    print('resnet:', out.shape)

if __name__ == '__main__':
    main()

resnet18 训练cifar10实战

1. 前期准备：我们需要优化器optim，所以from torch import nn, optim，并且将上述的resnet5网络导入到主文件，from resnet import ResNet18。接下来配置：将需要运算的通过.to(device)装换到GPU上去，并且使用nn.CrossEntropyLoss().to(device)的loss，
   和优化器：optimizer = optim.Adam(model.parameters(), lr=1e-3)，如下：

    device = torch.device('cuda')
    model = ResNet18().to(device)

    criteon = nn.CrossEntropyLoss().to(device)
    optimizer = optim.Adam(model.parameters(), lr=1e-3)
    print(model)

2. 训练代码：通过for batchidx, (x, label) in enumerate(cifar_train)来对一个batch迭代一次(一次batch 32张图片)。并且将（x,label）都加载到GPU上，执行logits = model(x)，将数据送入模型，然后计算loss，在backward之前一定要将梯度清零，调用optimizer.step()，进行梯度更新。

    for epoch in range(1):   #1改为1000

        model.train()
        for batchidx, (x, label) in enumerate(cifar_train):
            # 这里是对一个batch迭代一次，一次batch 32张图片
            # [b, 3, 32, 32], [b]
            x, label = x.to(device), label.to(device)

            logits = model(x)
            # logits: [b, 10], label: [b], loss: tensor scalar
            loss = criteon(logits, label)

            # backprop
            optimizer.zero_grad()
            loss.backward()
            optimizer.step()

        # 使用 .item()将最后一个标量loss转换成Numpy打印出来
        print(epoch, 'loss:', loss.item())

3. 测试代码：因为测试过程不需要梯度更新，为了保险起见，使用with torch.no_grad()，通过for x, label in cifar_test，来加载测试数据，将x传入模型：logits = model(x)，然后将预测值最高的序列号作为预测结果，通过eq函数与真实label对比，将batch中正确的相加和，再最终累加，通过total_correct / total_num求得精度。

        model.eval()
        with torch.no_grad():
            # test
            total_correct = 0
            total_num = 0
            for x, label in cifar_test:
                # [b, 3, 32, 32], [b]
                x, label = x.to(device), label.to(device)

                # [b, 10]
                logits = model(x)
                # [b]
                pred = logits.argmax(dim=1)
                # [b] vs [b] => scalar tensor
                correct = torch.eq(pred, label).float().sum().item()
                total_correct += correct
                total_num += x.size(0)
                # print(correct)

            acc = total_correct / total_num
            print(epoch, 'test acc:', acc)

4. 将上述的完整的完整的 resnet.py和下面完整的 main.py放入一个工程下，运行main.py，即可实现数据加载、训练、测试全过程。完整的 main.py代码如下：

import  torch
from    torch.utils.data import DataLoader
from    torchvision import datasets
from    torchvision import transforms
from    torch import nn, optim

from    resnet import ResNet18

def main():
    batchsz = 32

    #当前目录下新建文件夹'cifar'，train = True，transform对数据进行变换，download=True自动下载数据集
    cifar_train = datasets.CIFAR10('cifar', True, transform=transforms.Compose([
        transforms.Resize((32, 32)),
        transforms.ToTensor(),
        transforms.Normalize(mean=[0.485, 0.456, 0.406],
                             std=[0.229, 0.224, 0.225])
    ]), download=True)
    #DataLoader方便一次加载多个，第一个参数为数据集cifar_train，第二个参数batch_size为每次批处理数量，
    #根据显卡设置，不要太小。第三个参数shuffle为打乱，设置成True。
    cifar_train = DataLoader(cifar_train, batch_size=batchsz, shuffle=True)

    cifar_test = datasets.CIFAR10('cifar', False, transform=transforms.Compose([
        transforms.Resize((32, 32)),
        transforms.ToTensor(),
        transforms.Normalize(mean=[0.485, 0.456, 0.406],
                             std=[0.229, 0.224, 0.225])
    ]), download=True)
    cifar_test = DataLoader(cifar_test, batch_size=batchsz, shuffle=True)

    #通过iter方法把DataLoader迭代器先得到，使用迭代器.next()方法得到一个batch。
    x, label = iter(cifar_train).next()
    print('x:', x.shape, 'label:', label.shape)


    device = torch.device('cuda')
    model = ResNet18().to(device)

    criteon = nn.CrossEntropyLoss().to(device)
    optimizer = optim.Adam(model.parameters(), lr=1e-3)
    print(model)

    for epoch in range(1000):   

        model.train()
        for batchidx, (x, label) in enumerate(cifar_train):
            # 这里是对一个batch迭代一次，一次batch 32张图片
            # [b, 3, 32, 32], [b]
            x, label = x.to(device), label.to(device)

            logits = model(x)
            # logits: [b, 10], label: [b], loss: tensor scalar
            loss = criteon(logits, label)

            # backprop
            optimizer.zero_grad()
            loss.backward()
            optimizer.step()

        # 使用 .item()将最后一个标量loss转换成Numpy打印出来
        print(epoch, 'loss:', loss.item())


        model.eval()
        with torch.no_grad():
            # test
            total_correct = 0
            total_num = 0
            for x, label in cifar_test:
                # [b, 3, 32, 32], [b]
                x, label = x.to(device), label.to(device)

                # [b, 10]
                logits = model(x)
                # [b]
                pred = logits.argmax(dim=1)
                # [b] vs [b] => scalar tensor
                correct = torch.eq(pred, label).float().sum().item()
                total_correct += correct
                total_num += x.size(0)
                # print(correct)

            acc = total_correct / total_num
            print(epoch, 'test acc:', acc)



if __name__ == '__main__':
    main()