OpenGL官网:https://www.opengl.org/
zlib下载:http://www.zlib.net/
libpng下载:http://www.libpng.org/pub/png/libpng.html
GLEW下载:http://glew.sourceforge.net/index.html
GLFW下载:http://www.glfw.org/download.html
LearnOpenGL-CN:https://learnopengl-cn.readthedocs.io/zh/latest/
OpenGL入门学习:http://www.cppblog.com/doing5552/archive/2009/01/08/71532.html
OpenGL 常用函数解析:http://www.tuicool.com/articles/FBR3Ezq
OpenGL Step by Step:http://ogldev.atspace.co.uk/index.html
一步步学OpenGL :http://blog.csdn.net/column/details/13062.html
OpenGL ES 2.0 完全入门(二):矩形、图片、读取显存等:
https://blog.piasy.com/2016/06/14/Open-gl-es-android-2-part-2/
《OpenGL ES编程指南》源代码:http://www.opengles-book.com/samplecode.html
OpenGL原理介绍:http://www.twinklingstar.cn/2015/1532/introduce-to-opengl/#1_OpenGL
三维图像技术与OpenGL基础理论http://blog.csdn.net/yarkey09/article/details/38026413
===========================
Small Flows
===========================
【OpenGL Programming On macOS using glfw 】0: Build a Simple OpenGL Program
2016-11-18 09:06 阅读(101) 评论(2)
【cocos2d-x 2.x 学习与应用总结】14: 自定义shader绘制混合颜色的矩形
2016-01-25 23:12 阅读(361) 评论(0)
【cocos2d-x 2.x 学习与应用总结】13: 借助CCGLProgram实现自定义绘制
2016-01-21 01:42 阅读(309) 评论(0)
【cocos2d-x 2.x 学习与应用总结】12: cocos2d-x预定义shader源码
2016-01-20 21:24 阅读(319) 评论(0)
【cocos2d-x 2.x 学习与应用总结】11: 理解CCGLProgram
2016-01-20 01:09 阅读(550) 评论(0)
【cocos2d-x 2.x 学习与应用总结】10: cocos2d-x自带的shader及其使用
2016-01-19 22:16 阅读(480) 评论(0)
【C++ OpenGL ES 2.0编程笔记】1: OpenGL ES 2.0 渲染管线和EGL
2016-01-08 00:46 阅读(535) 评论(0)
【C++ OpenGL ES 2.0编程笔记】8: 使用VBO和IBO绘制立方体
2016-01-07 00:54 阅读(1098) 评论(0)
【C++ OpenGL ES 2.0编程笔记】5: mipmap
2016-01-05 23:58 阅读(562) 评论(0)
【C++ OpenGL ES 2.0编程笔记】4: 纹理贴图-图片叠加效果实现
2016-01-04 21:44 阅读(1630) 评论(0)
// OpenGL_Test.cpp : 定义控制台应用程序的入口点。
//
#include "stdafx.h"
#include <windows.h>
#include <glew.h>
#include "glut.h"
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <math.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string>
#include "png.h"
#include "zlib.h"
#include <glfw3.h>
#pragma comment(lib, "glut.lib")
#pragma comment(lib, "glut32.lib")
#pragma comment(lib, "libpng16.lib")
#pragma comment(lib, "zlib.lib")
#pragma comment (lib,"glew32d.lib")
#pragma comment (lib,"glfw3.lib")
#pragma comment (lib,"glfw3dll.lib")
///* Makes pngtest verbose so we can find problems. */
//#ifndef PNG_DEBUG
//# define PNG_DEBUG 2
//#endif
//
//#if PNG_DEBUG > 1
//# define pngtest_debug(m) ((void)fprintf(stderr, m "\n"))
//# define pngtest_debug1(m,p1) ((void)fprintf(stderr, m "\n", p1))
//# define pngtest_debug2(m,p1,p2) ((void)fprintf(stderr, m "\n", p1, p2))
//#else
//# define pngtest_debug(m) ((void)0)
//# define pngtest_debug1(m,p1) ((void)0)
//# define pngtest_debug2(m,p1,p2) ((void)0)
//#endif
//
//unsigned char* buffer = NULL;
//png_uint_32 width, height;
//int color_type;
//
获取每一行所用的字节数,需要凑足4的倍数
//int getRowBytes(int width){
// //刚好是4的倍数
// if ((width * 3) % 4 == 0){
// return width * 3;
// }
// else{
// return ((width * 3) / 4 + 1) * 4;
// }
//}
//
//
//void readpng__001(char* name)
//
//{
//
// // 前边几句是扯淡,初始化各种结构
//
// FILE* file = fopen(name, "rb");
//
// png_structp png_ptr = png_create_read_struct(PNG_LIBPNG_VER_STRING, 0, 0, 0);
//
// png_infop info_ptr = png_create_info_struct(png_ptr);
//
// setjmp(png_jmpbuf(png_ptr));
//
// // 这句很重要
//
// png_init_io(png_ptr, file);
//
// // 读文件了
//
// png_read_png(png_ptr, info_ptr, PNG_TRANSFORM_EXPAND, 0);
//
// // 得到文件的宽高色深
//
// int m_width = png_get_image_width(PngPtr, InfoPtr);
// int m_height = png_get_image_height(PngPtr, InfoPtr);
//
// int color_type = png_get_color_type(PngPtr, InfoPtr);
//
// // 申请个内存玩玩,这里用的是c++语法,甭想再c上编过
//
// int size = m_height * m_width * 4;
//
// unsigned char* bgra = new unsigned char[size];
//
// int pos = 0;
//
// // row_pointers里边就是传说中的rgba数据了
//
// png_bytep* row_pointers = png_get_rows(PngPtr, InfoPtr);
//
// // 拷贝!!注意,如果你读取的png没有A通道,就要3位3位的读。还有就是注意字节对其的问题,最简单的就是别用不能被4整除的宽度就行了。读过你实在想用,就要在这里加上相关的对齐处理。
//
// for (int i = 0; i < m_height; i++)
// {
// for (int j = 0; j < (4 * m_width); j += 4)
// {
// bgra[pos++] = row_pointers[i][j + 2]; // blue
// bgra[pos++] = row_pointers[i][j + 1]; // green
// bgra[pos++] = row_pointers[i][j]; // red
// bgra[pos++] = row_pointers[i][j + 3]; // alpha
// }
// }
//
// // 好了,你可以用这个数据作任何的事情了。。。把它显示出来或者打印出来都行。
//
// png_destroy_read_struct(&png_ptr, &info_ptr, 0);
//
// fclose(file);
//
// return;
//
//}
//
//
//int main(int c, char** v) {
//
// png_structp png_ptr;
// png_infop info_ptr;
// int bit_depth;
// FILE *fp;
//
// printf("lpng[%s], zlib[%s]\n", PNG_LIBPNG_VER_STRING, ZLIB_VERSION);
//
// if ((fp = fopen("1.png", "rb")) == NULL) {
// return EXIT_FAILURE;
// }
// png_ptr = png_create_read_struct(PNG_LIBPNG_VER_STRING, NULL, NULL, NULL);
// if (png_ptr == NULL)
// {
// fclose(fp);
// return EXIT_FAILURE;
// }
// info_ptr = png_create_info_struct(png_ptr);
// if (info_ptr == NULL)
// {
// fclose(fp);
// png_destroy_read_struct(&png_ptr, NULL, NULL);
// return EXIT_FAILURE;
// }
// if (setjmp(png_jmpbuf(png_ptr))) {
// /* Free all of the memory associated with the png_ptr and info_ptr */
// png_destroy_read_struct(&png_ptr, &info_ptr, NULL);
// fclose(fp);
// /* If we get here, we had a problem reading the file */
// return EXIT_FAILURE;
// }
// /* Set up the input control if you are using standard C streams */
// png_init_io(png_ptr, fp);
// //读取png文件
// png_read_png(png_ptr, info_ptr, PNG_TRANSFORM_EXPAND, 0);
// //获取png图片相关信息
// png_get_IHDR(png_ptr, info_ptr, &width, &height, &bit_depth, &color_type, NULL, NULL, NULL);
// printf("width[%d], height[%d], bit_depth[%d], color_type[%d]\n",
// width, height, bit_depth, color_type);
//
// //获得所有png数据
// png_bytep* row_pointers = png_get_rows(png_ptr, info_ptr);
// //计算buffer大小
// unsigned int bufSize = 0;
// if (color_type == PNG_COLOR_TYPE_RGB) {
// bufSize = getRowBytes(width) * height;
// }
// else if (color_type == PNG_COLOR_TYPE_RGBA) {
// bufSize = width * height * 4;
// }
// else{
// return EXIT_FAILURE;
// }
// //申请堆空间
// buffer = (unsigned char*)malloc(bufSize);
// int i;
// for (i = 0; i < height; i++) {
// //拷贝每行的数据到buffer,
// //opengl原点在下方,拷贝时要倒置一下
// if (color_type == PNG_COLOR_TYPE_RGB){
// memcpy(buffer + getRowBytes(width) * i, row_pointers[height - i - 1], width * 3);
// }
// else if (color_type == PNG_COLOR_TYPE_RGBA){
// memcpy(buffer + i * width * 4, row_pointers[height - i - 1], width * 4);
// }
// }
// png_destroy_read_struct(&png_ptr, &info_ptr, 0);
// fclose(fp);
// return 0;
//}
//int window_width = 600;
//int window_height = 600;
//
//int pic_width;
//int pic_height;
//int size;
//
//GLuint texName;
//unsigned char *content;
//
//void init()
//{
// //glewInit();
//
// glPixelStorei(GL_UNPACK_ALIGNMENT, 1);
// glGenTextures(1, &texName);
// glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, texName);
//
// glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_WRAP_S, GL_REPEAT);
// glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_WRAP_T, GL_REPEAT);
// glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_MAG_FILTER, GL_NEAREST);
// glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_MIN_FILTER, GL_NEAREST);
// glTexImage2D(GL_TEXTURE_2D, 0, GL_RGBA, pic_width, pic_height, 0, GL_RGBA, GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE, content);
//}
//
//void display_func()
//{
// glMatrixMode(GL_PROJECTION);
// glLoadIdentity();
// gluOrtho2D(0.0, 1.0f, 0.0, 1.0f);
//
// glViewport(0, 0, window_width, window_height);
// glClearColor(1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0);
// glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT);
//
// glEnable(GL_TEXTURE_2D);
// glTexEnvf(GL_TEXTURE_ENV, GL_TEXTURE_ENV_MODE, GL_REPLACE);
// glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, texName);
// //glTranslated(0.2f, 0.0f, 0.2f);
// glRotated(30.0f, 0.2f, 0.0f, 0.0f);
//
// glBegin(GL_QUADS);
// glTexCoord2f(0.0f, 1.0f); glVertex2f(0.0f, 0.0f);
// glTexCoord2f(1.0f, 1.0f); glVertex2f(1.0f, 0.0f);
// glTexCoord2f(1.0f, 0.0f); glVertex2f(1.0f, 1.0f);
// glTexCoord2f(0.0f, 0.0f); glVertex2f(0.0f, 1.0f);
//
// glEnd();
// glutSwapBuffers();
//}
//
//void reshape_func(int width, int height)
//{
// window_width = width;
// window_height = height;
// glutReshapeWindow(window_width, window_height);
//}
//
//int main(int argc, char **argv)
//{
// FILE* file = fopen("1.png", "rb");
// png_structp png_ptr = png_create_read_struct(PNG_LIBPNG_VER_STRING, 0, 0, 0);
// png_infop info_ptr = png_create_info_struct(png_ptr);
// setjmp(png_jmpbuf(png_ptr));
// png_init_io(png_ptr, file);
// png_read_png(png_ptr, info_ptr, PNG_TRANSFORM_EXPAND, 0);
//
// pic_width = png_get_image_width(png_ptr, info_ptr);
// pic_height = png_get_image_height(png_ptr, info_ptr);
// int color_type = png_get_color_type(png_ptr, info_ptr);
//
// size = pic_height * pic_width * 4;
// int pos = 0;
// content = (unsigned char *)malloc(sizeof(unsigned char)*size);
//
// png_bytep* row_pointers = png_get_rows(png_ptr, info_ptr);
//
// for (int i = 0; i < pic_height; i++)
// {
// for (int j = 0; j < pic_width; j++)
// {
// content[i*pic_width * 4 + j * 4 + 0] = row_pointers[i][j * 4 + 0];
// content[i*pic_width * 4 + j * 4 + 1] = row_pointers[i][j * 4 + 1];
// content[i*pic_width * 4 + j * 4 + 2] = row_pointers[i][j * 4 + 2];
// content[i*pic_width * 4 + j * 4 + 3] = row_pointers[i][j * 4 + 3];
// }
// }
//
// png_destroy_read_struct(&png_ptr, &info_ptr, 0);
// fclose(file);
//
// window_width = pic_width;
// window_height = pic_height;
//
// glutInit(&argc, argv);
// glutInitDisplayMode(GLUT_RGB | GLUT_DOUBLE);
// glutInitWindowSize(window_width, window_height);
// glutCreateWindow("Picture");
//
// init();
//
// glutDisplayFunc(display_func);
// glutReshapeFunc(reshape_func);
//
// glutMainLoop();
//
// free(content);
//
// return 0;
//}
// OGLTtest.cpp : 定义控制台应用程序的入口点。
//
#define GLEW_STATIC
class gl_texture_t{
public:
GLsizei width;
GLsizei height;
GLenum format;
GLint internalFormat;
GLuint id;
GLubyte *texels;
};
/* Texture id for the demo */
gl_texture_t *ReadPNGFromFile(const char *filename);
GLuint loadPNGTexture(const char *filename);
void GetPNGtextureInfo(int color_type, gl_texture_t *texinfo);
using namespace std;
unsigned int LoadTex(string Image)
{
unsigned int Texture = 0;
FILE* img = NULL;
fopen_s(&img, Image.c_str(), "rb");
unsigned long bWidth = 0;
unsigned long bHeight = 0;
unsigned long size = 0;
fseek(img, 18, SEEK_SET);
fread(&bWidth, 4, 1, img);
fread(&bHeight, 4, 1, img);
fseek(img, 0, SEEK_END);
size = ftell(img) - 54;
unsigned char *data = (unsigned char*)malloc(size);
fseek(img, 54, SEEK_SET); // image data
fread(data, size, 1, img);
fclose(img);
unsigned int t2 = 0;
glGenTextures(1, &Texture);
glGenTextures(1, &t2);
glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, Texture);
glTexImage2D(GL_TEXTURE_2D, 0, 3, bWidth, bHeight, 0, GL_BGR_EXT, GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE, data);
glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_MIN_FILTER, GL_LINEAR);
glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_MAG_FILTER, GL_LINEAR);
if (data)
free(data);
return Texture;
}
int main(void)
{
GLFWwindow* window;
/* Initialize the library */
if (!glfwInit())
return -1;
/* Create a windowed mode window and its OpenGL context */
window = glfwCreateWindow(480, 640, "Hello World", NULL, NULL);
if (!window)
{
glfwTerminate();
return -1;
}
/* Make the window's context current */
glfwMakeContextCurrent(window);
//unsigned int img = LoadTex("d:\\b0.bmp");
unsigned int img = loadPNGTexture("1.png");
unsigned int mask_img = LoadTex("1.bmp");
//unsigned int tid = ATLLoadTexture(L"d:\\b0.png");
/* Loop until the user closes the window */
int a = 10;
while (!glfwWindowShouldClose(window))
{
glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT | GL_DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT | GL_STENCIL_BUFFER_BIT);
glClearColor(0.0, 0.8, 0.0, 0.5);
glEnable(GL_BLEND);
glBlendFunc(GL_SRC_ALPHA, GL_ONE_MINUS_SRC_ALPHA);
//glTranslated(0.2,0.2,0);
//glRotated(a, 0.2, 0.2, 0.2);
//a += 10;
glEnable(GL_STENCIL_TEST);
glDepthMask(GL_FALSE);
//根据掩码图设置模板缓冲区的值
glStencilFunc(GL_NEVER, 1, 1);
glStencilOp(GL_REPLACE , GL_KEEP, GL_KEEP);
glEnable(GL_TEXTURE_2D);
glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, mask_img);
glBegin(GL_QUADS);
glTexCoord2f(0.0f, 0.0f); glVertex3f(-1.0f, -1.0f, 1.0f);
glTexCoord2f(1.0f, 0.0f); glVertex3f(1.0f, -1.0f, 1.0f);
glTexCoord2f(1.0f, 1.0f); glVertex3f(1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f);
glTexCoord2f(0.0f, 1.0f); glVertex3f(-1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f);
glEnd();
glStencilFunc(GL_EQUAL, 1, 0xff);
glStencilOp(GL_KEEP, GL_KEEP, GL_KEEP);
//glEnable(GL_ALPHA_TEST);//非必须
//glAlphaFunc(GL_GREATER, 0.1);
glEnable(GL_TEXTURE_2D);
glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, img);
glBegin(GL_QUADS);
glTexCoord2f(0.0f, 0.0f); glVertex3f(-0.5f, -0.5f, 1.0f);
glTexCoord2f(1.0f, 0.0f); glVertex3f(.5f, -.5f, 1.0f);
glTexCoord2f(1.0f, 1.0f); glVertex3f(0.5f, 0.5f, 1.0f);
glTexCoord2f(0.0f, 1.0f); glVertex3f(-0.5f, 0.5f, 1.0f);
glEnd();
/* Swap front and back buffers */
glfwSwapBuffers(window);
/* Poll for and process events */
glfwPollEvents();
Sleep(200);
}
glfwTerminate();
return 0;
}
//以下函数引用别人的。
gl_texture_t * ReadPNGFromFile(const char *filename)
{
gl_texture_t *texinfo;
png_byte magic[8];
png_structp png_ptr;
png_infop info_ptr;
int bit_depth, color_type;
FILE *fp = NULL;
png_bytep *row_pointers = NULL;
png_uint_32 w, h;
int i;
/* Open image file */
fopen_s(&fp, filename, "rb");
if (!fp)
{
fprintf(stderr, "error: couldn't open \"%s\"!\n", filename);
return NULL;
}
/* Read magic number */
fread(magic, 1, sizeof(magic), fp);
/* Check for valid magic number */
if (!png_check_sig(magic, sizeof(magic)))
{
fprintf(stderr, "error: \"%s\" is not a valid PNG image!\n", filename);
fclose(fp);
return NULL;
}
/* Create a png read struct */
png_ptr = png_create_read_struct(PNG_LIBPNG_VER_STRING, NULL, NULL, NULL);
if (!png_ptr)
{
fclose(fp);
return NULL;
}
/* Create a png info struct */
info_ptr = png_create_info_struct(png_ptr);
if (!info_ptr)
{
fclose(fp);
png_destroy_read_struct(&png_ptr, NULL, NULL);
return NULL;
}
/* Create our OpenGL texture object */
texinfo = (gl_texture_t *)malloc(sizeof(gl_texture_t));
/* Initialize the setjmp for returning properly after a libpng error occured */
if (setjmp(png_jmpbuf(png_ptr)))
{
fclose(fp);
png_destroy_read_struct(&png_ptr, &info_ptr, NULL);
if (row_pointers) free(row_pointers);
if (texinfo) {
if (texinfo->texels)
free(texinfo->texels);
free(texinfo);
}
return NULL;
}
/* Setup libpng for using standard C fread() function with our FILE pointer */
png_init_io(png_ptr, fp);
/* Tell libpng that we have already read the magic number */
png_set_sig_bytes(png_ptr, sizeof(magic));
/* Read png info */
png_read_info(png_ptr, info_ptr);
/* Get some usefull information from header */
bit_depth = png_get_bit_depth(png_ptr, info_ptr);
color_type = png_get_color_type(png_ptr, info_ptr);
/* Convert index color images to RGB images */
if (color_type == PNG_COLOR_TYPE_PALETTE)
png_set_palette_to_rgb(png_ptr);
/* Convert 1-2-4 bits grayscale images to 8 bits grayscale. */
if (color_type == PNG_COLOR_TYPE_GRAY && bit_depth < 8)
png_set_expand_gray_1_2_4_to_8(png_ptr);
if (png_get_valid(png_ptr, info_ptr, PNG_INFO_tRNS))
png_set_tRNS_to_alpha(png_ptr);
if (bit_depth == 16) png_set_strip_16(png_ptr);
else if (bit_depth < 8) png_set_packing(png_ptr);
/* Update info structure to apply transformations */
png_read_update_info(png_ptr, info_ptr);
/* Retrieve updated information */
png_get_IHDR(png_ptr, info_ptr, &w, &h, &bit_depth, &color_type, NULL, NULL, NULL);
texinfo->width = w;
texinfo->height = h;
/* Get image format and components per pixel */
GetPNGtextureInfo(color_type, texinfo);
/* We can now allocate memory for storing pixel data */
texinfo->texels = (GLubyte *)malloc(sizeof(GLubyte) * texinfo->width * texinfo->height * texinfo->internalFormat);
/* Setup a pointer array. Each one points at the begening of a row. */
row_pointers = (png_bytep *)malloc(sizeof(png_bytep) * texinfo->height);
for (i = 0; i < texinfo->height; ++i)
{
row_pointers[i] = (png_bytep)(texinfo->texels + ((texinfo->height - (i + 1)) * texinfo->width * texinfo->internalFormat));
}
/* Read pixel data using row pointers */
png_read_image(png_ptr, row_pointers);
/* Finish decompression and release memory */
png_read_end(png_ptr, NULL);
png_destroy_read_struct(&png_ptr, &info_ptr, NULL);
/* We don't need row pointers anymore */
free(row_pointers);
fclose(fp);
return texinfo;
}
GLuint loadPNGTexture(const char *filename)
{
gl_texture_t *png_tex = NULL;
GLuint tex_id = 0;
GLint alignment;
png_tex = ReadPNGFromFile(filename);
if (png_tex && png_tex->texels)
{
/* Generate texture */
glGenTextures(1, &png_tex->id);
glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, png_tex->id);
/* Setup some parameters for texture filters and mipmapping */
glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_MIN_FILTER, GL_LINEAR);
glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_MAG_FILTER, GL_LINEAR);
glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_WRAP_S, GL_REPEAT);
glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_WRAP_T, GL_REPEAT);
glTexEnvf(GL_TEXTURE_ENV, GL_TEXTURE_ENV_MODE, GL_REPLACE);
glGetIntegerv(GL_UNPACK_ALIGNMENT, &alignment);
glPixelStorei(GL_UNPACK_ALIGNMENT, 1);
glTexImage2D(GL_TEXTURE_2D, 0, png_tex->internalFormat, png_tex->width, png_tex->height, 0, png_tex->format, GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE, png_tex->texels);
glPixelStorei(GL_UNPACK_ALIGNMENT, alignment);
tex_id = png_tex->id;
/* OpenGL has its own copy of texture data */
free(png_tex->texels);
free(png_tex);
}
return tex_id;
}
void GetPNGtextureInfo(int color_type, gl_texture_t *texinfo)
{
switch (color_type)
{
case PNG_COLOR_TYPE_GRAY:
texinfo->format = GL_LUMINANCE;
texinfo->internalFormat = 1;
break;
case PNG_COLOR_TYPE_GRAY_ALPHA:
texinfo->format = GL_LUMINANCE_ALPHA;
texinfo->internalFormat = 2;
break;
case PNG_COLOR_TYPE_RGB:
texinfo->format = GL_RGB;
texinfo->internalFormat = 3;
break;
case PNG_COLOR_TYPE_RGB_ALPHA:
texinfo->format = GL_RGBA;
texinfo->internalFormat = 4;
break;
default:
/* Badness */
break;
}
}
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https://blog.csdn.net/taily_duan/article/details/81214815