Pyecharts3D图：常见的3D图
文章目录
前言
本文主要展示Pyecharts画常见的3D图。
一、3D柱状图
1. 穿孔卡片
import pyecharts.options as opts
from pyecharts.charts import Bar3D
"""
Gallery 使用 pyecharts 1.1.0
参考地址: https://echarts.apache.org/examples/editor.html?c=bar3d-punch-card&gl=1
目前无法实现的功能:
1、光照和阴影暂时无法设置
"""
hours = [
"12a",
"1a",
"2a",
"3a",
"4a",
"5a",
"6a",
"7a",
"8a",
"9a",
"10a",
"11a",
"12p",
"1p",
"2p",
"3p",
"4p",
"5p",
"6p",
"7p",
"8p",
"9p",
"10p",
"11p",
]
days = ["Saturday", "Friday", "Thursday", "Wednesday", "Tuesday", "Monday", "Sunday"]
data = [
[0, 0, 5],
[0, 1, 1],
[0, 2, 0],
[0, 3, 0],
[0, 4, 0],
[0, 5, 0],
[0, 6, 0],
[0, 7, 0],
[0, 8, 0],
[0, 9, 0],
[0, 10, 0],
[0, 11, 2],
[0, 12, 4],
[0, 13, 1],
[0, 14, 1],
[0, 15, 3],
[0, 16, 4],
[0, 17, 6],
[0, 18, 4],
[0, 19, 4],
[0, 20, 3],
[0, 21, 3],
[0, 22, 2],
[0, 23, 5],
[1, 0, 7],
[1, 1, 0],
[1, 2, 0],
[1, 3, 0],
[1, 4, 0],
[1, 5, 0],
[1, 6, 0],
[1, 7, 0],
[1, 8, 0],
[1, 9, 0],
[1, 10, 5],
[1, 11, 2],
[1, 12, 2],
[1, 13, 6],
[1, 14, 9],
[1, 15, 11],
[1, 16, 6],
[1, 17, 7],
[1, 18, 8],
[1, 19, 12],
[1, 20, 5],
[1, 21, 5],
[1, 22, 7],
[1, 23, 2],
[2, 0, 1],
[2, 1, 1],
[2, 2, 0],
[2, 3, 0],
[2, 4, 0],
[2, 5, 0],
[2, 6, 0],
[2, 7, 0],
[2, 8, 0],
[2, 9, 0],
[2, 10, 3],
[2, 11, 2],
[2, 12, 1],
[2, 13, 9],
[2, 14, 8],
[2, 15, 10],
[2, 16, 6],
[2, 17, 5],
[2, 18, 5],
[2, 19, 5],
[2, 20, 7],
[2, 21, 4],
[2, 22, 2],
[2, 23, 4],
[3, 0, 7],
[3, 1, 3],
[3, 2, 0],
[3, 3, 0],
[3, 4, 0],
[3, 5, 0],
[3, 6, 0],
[3, 7, 0],
[3, 8, 1],
[3, 9, 0],
[3, 10, 5],
[3, 11, 4],
[3, 12, 7],
[3, 13, 14],
[3, 14, 13],
[3, 15, 12],
[3, 16, 9],
[3, 17, 5],
[3, 18, 5],
[3, 19, 10],
[3, 20, 6],
[3, 21, 4],
[3, 22, 4],
[3, 23, 1],
[4, 0, 1],
[4, 1, 3],
[4, 2, 0],
[4, 3, 0],
[4, 4, 0],
[4, 5, 1],
[4, 6, 0],
[4, 7, 0],
[4, 8, 0],
[4, 9, 2],
[4, 10, 4],
[4, 11, 4],
[4, 12, 2],
[4, 13, 4],
[4, 14, 4],
[4, 15, 14],
[4, 16, 12],
[4, 17, 1],
[4, 18, 8],
[4, 19, 5],
[4, 20, 3],
[4, 21, 7],
[4, 22, 3],
[4, 23, 0],
[5, 0, 2],
[5, 1, 1],
[5, 2, 0],
[5, 3, 3],
[5, 4, 0],
[5, 5, 0],
[5, 6, 0],
[5, 7, 0],
[5, 8, 2],
[5, 9, 0],
[5, 10, 4],
[5, 11, 1],
[5, 12, 5],
[5, 13, 10],
[5, 14, 5],
[5, 15, 7],
[5, 16, 11],
[5, 17, 6],
[5, 18, 0],
[5, 19, 5],
[5, 20, 3],
[5, 21, 4],
[5, 22, 2],
[5, 23, 0],
[6, 0, 1],
[6, 1, 0],
[6, 2, 0],
[6, 3, 0],
[6, 4, 0],
[6, 5, 0],
[6, 6, 0],
[6, 7, 0],
[6, 8, 0],
[6, 9, 0],
[6, 10, 1],
[6, 11, 0],
[6, 12, 2],
[6, 13, 1],
[6, 14, 3],
[6, 15, 4],
[6, 16, 0],
[6, 17, 0],
[6, 18, 0],
[6, 19, 0],
[6, 20, 1],
[6, 21, 2],
[6, 22, 2],
[6, 23, 6],
]
data = [[d[1], d[0], d[2]] for d in data]
(
Bar3D(init_opts=opts.InitOpts(width="1600px", height="800px"))
.add(
series_name="",
data=data,
xaxis3d_opts=opts.Axis3DOpts(type_="category", data=hours),
yaxis3d_opts=opts.Axis3DOpts(type_="category", data=days),
zaxis3d_opts=opts.Axis3DOpts(type_="value"),
)
.set_global_opts(
visualmap_opts=opts.VisualMapOpts(
max_=20,
range_color=[
"#313695",
"#4575b4",
"#74add1",
"#abd9e9",
"#e0f3f8",
"#ffffbf",
"#fee090",
"#fdae61",
"#f46d43",
"#d73027",
"#a50026",
],
)
)
.render("bar3d_punch_card.html")
)
2. 堆砌图
import random
from pyecharts import options as opts
from pyecharts.charts import Bar3D
x_data = y_data = list(range(10))
def generate_data():
data = []
for j in range(10):
for k in range(10):
value = random.randint(0, 9)
data.append([j, k, value * 2 + 4])
return data
bar3d = Bar3D()
for _ in range(10):
bar3d.add(
"",
generate_data(),
shading="lambert",
xaxis3d_opts=opts.Axis3DOpts(data=x_data, type_="value"),
yaxis3d_opts=opts.Axis3DOpts(data=y_data, type_="value"),
zaxis3d_opts=opts.Axis3DOpts(type_="value"),
)
bar3d.set_global_opts(title_opts=opts.TitleOpts("Bar3D-堆叠柱状图示例"))
bar3d.set_series_opts(**{"stack": "stack"})
bar3d.render("bar3d_stack.html")
注：小伙伴们最好还是去画一画，会比较有意思，可以自己改改参数啥的。
二、3D折线图
1. 自转图
import math
from pyecharts import options as opts
from pyecharts.charts import Line3D
from pyecharts.faker import Faker
data = []
for t in range(0, 25000):
_t = t / 1000
x = (1 + 0.25 * math.cos(75 * _t)) * math.cos(_t)
y = (1 + 0.25 * math.cos(75 * _t)) * math.sin(_t)
z = _t + 2.0 * math.sin(75 * _t)
data.append([x, y, z])
c = (
Line3D()
.add(
"",
data,
xaxis3d_opts=opts.Axis3DOpts(Faker.clock, type_="value"),
yaxis3d_opts=opts.Axis3DOpts(Faker.week_en, type_="value"),
grid3d_opts=opts.Grid3DOpts(
width=100, depth=100, rotate_speed=150, is_rotate=True
),
)
.set_global_opts(
visualmap_opts=opts.VisualMapOpts(
max_=30, min_=0, range_color=Faker.visual_color
),
title_opts=opts.TitleOpts(title="Line3D-旋转的弹簧"),
)
.render("line3d_autorotate.html")
)
注：这个一定要去画出来看看，截图不动显得不好看，实际上会动的，很有意思。
2. 正交投影
import math
import pyecharts.options as opts
from pyecharts.charts import Line3D
week_en = "Saturday Friday Thursday Wednesday Tuesday Monday Sunday".split()
clock = (
"12a 1a 2a 3a 4a 5a 6a 7a 8a 9a 10a 11a 12p "
"1p 2p 3p 4p 5p 6p 7p 8p 9p 10p 11p".split()
)
data = []
for t in range(0, 25000):
_t = t / 1000
x = (1 + 0.25 * math.cos(75 * _t)) * math.cos(_t)
y = (1 + 0.25 * math.cos(75 * _t)) * math.sin(_t)
z = _t + 2.0 * math.sin(75 * _t)
data.append([x, y, z])
(
Line3D()
.add(
"",
data,
xaxis3d_opts=opts.Axis3DOpts(data=clock, type_="value"),
yaxis3d_opts=opts.Axis3DOpts(data=week_en, type_="value"),
grid3d_opts=opts.Grid3DOpts(width=100, height=100, depth=100),
)
.set_global_opts(
visualmap_opts=opts.VisualMapOpts(
dimension=2,
max_=30,
min_=0,
range_color=[
"#313695",
"#4575b4",
"#74add1",
"#abd9e9",
"#e0f3f8",
"#ffffbf",
"#fee090",
"#fdae61",
"#f46d43",
"#d73027",
"#a50026",
],
)
)
.render("line3d_rectangular_projection.html")
)
注：这个也是，画出来才有意思，静态的没什么感觉。
三、3D散点图
import asyncio
from aiohttp import TCPConnector, ClientSession
import pyecharts.options as opts
from pyecharts.charts import Scatter3D
"""
Gallery 使用 pyecharts 1.1.0
参考地址: https://echarts.apache.org/examples/editor.html?c=scatter3d&gl=1&theme=dark
目前无法实现的功能:
1、暂时无法对 Grid3D 设置 轴线和轴坐标的 style (非白色背景下有问题)
"""
async def get_json_data(url: str) -> dict:
async with ClientSession(connector=TCPConnector(ssl=False)) as session:
async with session.get(url=url) as response:
return await response.json()
# 获取官方的数据
data = asyncio.run(
get_json_data(
url="https://echarts.apache.org/examples/data/asset/data/nutrients.json"
)
)
# 列名映射
field_indices = {
"calcium": 3,
"calories": 12,
"carbohydrate": 8,
"fat": 10,
"fiber": 5,
"group": 1,
"id": 16,
"monounsat": 14,
"name": 0,
"polyunsat": 15,
"potassium": 7,
"protein": 2,
"saturated": 13,
"sodium": 4,
"sugars": 9,
"vitaminc": 6,
"water": 11,
}
# 配置 config
config_xAxis3D = "protein"
config_yAxis3D = "fiber"
config_zAxis3D = "sodium"
config_color = "fiber"
config_symbolSize = "vitaminc"
# 构造数据
data = [
[
item[field_indices[config_xAxis3D]],
item[field_indices[config_yAxis3D]],
item[field_indices[config_zAxis3D]],
item[field_indices[config_color]],
item[field_indices[config_symbolSize]],
index,
]
for index, item in enumerate(data)
]
(
Scatter3D(
init_opts=opts.InitOpts(width="1440px", height="720px")
) # bg_color="black"
.add(
series_name="",
data=data,
xaxis3d_opts=opts.Axis3DOpts(
name=config_xAxis3D,
type_="value",
# textstyle_opts=opts.TextStyleOpts(color="#fff"),
),
yaxis3d_opts=opts.Axis3DOpts(
name=config_yAxis3D,
type_="value",
# textstyle_opts=opts.TextStyleOpts(color="#fff"),
),
zaxis3d_opts=opts.Axis3DOpts(
name=config_zAxis3D,
type_="value",
# textstyle_opts=opts.TextStyleOpts(color="#fff"),
),
grid3d_opts=opts.Grid3DOpts(width=100, height=100, depth=100),
)
.set_global_opts(
visualmap_opts=[
opts.VisualMapOpts(
type_="color",
is_calculable=True,
dimension=3,
pos_top="10",
max_=79 / 2,
range_color=[
"#1710c0",
"#0b9df0",
"#00fea8",
"#00ff0d",
"#f5f811",
"#f09a09",
"#fe0300",
],
),
opts.VisualMapOpts(
type_="size",
is_calculable=True,
dimension=4,
pos_bottom="10",
max_=2.4 / 2,
range_size=[10, 40],
),
]
)
.render("scatter3d.html")
)
其实三D的散点图，在空间上来看不就是个球了嘛，还可以的。
四、3D曲面图
import math
from typing import Union
import pyecharts.options as opts
from pyecharts.charts import Surface3D
"""
Gallery 使用 pyecharts 1.1.0
参考地址: https://echarts.apache.org/examples/editor.html?c=surface-wave&gl=1
目前无法实现的功能:
1、暂时无法设置光滑表面 wireframe
2、暂时无法把 visualmap 进行隐藏
"""
def float_range(start: int, end: int, step: Union[int, float], round_number: int = 2):
"""
浮点数 range
:param start: 起始值
:param end: 结束值
:param step: 步长
:param round_number: 精度
:return: 返回一个 list
"""
temp = []
while True:
if start < end:
temp.append(round(start, round_number))
start += step
else:
break
return temp
def surface3d_data():
for t0 in float_range(-3, 3, 0.05):
y = t0
for t1 in float_range(-3, 3, 0.05):
x = t1
z = math.sin(x ** 2 + y ** 2) * x / 3.14
yield [x, y, z]
(
Surface3D(init_opts=opts.InitOpts(width="1600px", height="800px"))
.add(
series_name="",
shading="color",
data=list(surface3d_data()),
xaxis3d_opts=opts.Axis3DOpts(type_="value"),
yaxis3d_opts=opts.Axis3DOpts(type_="value"),
grid3d_opts=opts.Grid3DOpts(width=100, height=40, depth=100),
)
.set_global_opts(
visualmap_opts=opts.VisualMapOpts(
dimension=2,
max_=1,
min_=-1,
range_color=[
"#313695",
"#4575b4",
"#74add1",
"#abd9e9",
"#e0f3f8",
"#ffffbf",
"#fee090",
"#fdae61",
"#f46d43",
"#d73027",
"#a50026",
],
)
)
.render("surface_wave.html")
)
注：这其实就是一个数学上的方程，看起来还有点可怕，哈哈。
五、3D地图
1. 3D大陆+折线图
from pyecharts import options as opts
from pyecharts.charts import Map3D
from pyecharts.globals import ChartType
example_data = [
[[119.107078, 36.70925, 1000], [116.587245, 35.415393, 1000]],
[[117.000923, 36.675807], [120.355173, 36.082982]],
[[118.047648, 36.814939], [118.66471, 37.434564]],
[[121.391382, 37.539297], [119.107078, 36.70925]],
[[116.587245, 35.415393], [122.116394, 37.509691]],
[[119.461208, 35.428588], [118.326443, 35.065282]],
[[116.307428, 37.453968], [115.469381, 35.246531]],
]
c = (
Map3D()
.add_schema(
maptype="山东",
itemstyle_opts=opts.ItemStyleOpts(
color="rgb(5,101,123)",
opacity=1,
border_width=0.8,
border_color="rgb(62,215,213)",
),
light_opts=opts.Map3DLightOpts(
main_color="#fff",
main_intensity=1.2,
is_main_shadow=False,
main_alpha=55,
main_beta=10,
ambient_intensity=0.3,
),
view_control_opts=opts.Map3DViewControlOpts(center=[-10, 0, 10]),
post_effect_opts=opts.Map3DPostEffectOpts(is_enable=False),
)
.add(
series_name="",
data_pair=example_data,
type_=ChartType.LINES3D,
effect=opts.Lines3DEffectOpts(
is_show=True,
period=4,
trail_width=3,
trail_length=0.5,
trail_color="#f00",
trail_opacity=1,
),
linestyle_opts=opts.LineStyleOpts(is_show=False, color="#fff", opacity=0),
)
.set_global_opts(title_opts=opts.TitleOpts(title="Map3D-Lines3D"))
.render("map3d_with_lines3d.html")
)
注：一定要去画画看，很有既视感。
2. 3D大陆+散点图
from pyecharts import options as opts
from pyecharts.charts import Map3D
from pyecharts.globals import ChartType
from pyecharts.commons.utils import JsCode
example_data = [
("黑龙江", [127.9688, 45.368, 100]),
("内蒙古", [110.3467, 41.4899, 100]),
("吉林", [125.8154, 44.2584, 100]),
("辽宁", [123.1238, 42.1216, 100]),
("河北", [114.4995, 38.1006, 100]),
("天津", [117.4219, 39.4189, 100]),
("山西", [112.3352, 37.9413, 100]),
("陕西", [109.1162, 34.2004, 100]),
("甘肃", [103.5901, 36.3043, 100]),
("宁夏", [106.3586, 38.1775, 100]),
("青海", [101.4038, 36.8207, 100]),
("新疆", [87.9236, 43.5883, 100]),
("西藏", [91.11, 29.97, 100]),
("四川", [103.9526, 30.7617, 100]),
("重庆", [108.384366, 30.439702, 100]),
("山东", [117.1582, 36.8701, 100]),
("河南", [113.4668, 34.6234, 100]),
("江苏", [118.8062, 31.9208, 100]),
("安徽", [117.29, 32.0581, 100]),
("湖北", [114.3896, 30.6628, 100]),
("浙江", [119.5313, 29.8773, 100]),
("福建", [119.4543, 25.9222, 100]),
("江西", [116.0046, 28.6633, 100]),
("湖南", [113.0823, 28.2568, 100]),
("贵州", [106.6992, 26.7682, 100]),
("广西", [108.479, 23.1152, 100]),
("海南", [110.3893, 19.8516, 100]),
("上海", [121.4648, 31.2891, 100]),
]
c = (
Map3D()
.add_schema(
itemstyle_opts=opts.ItemStyleOpts(
color="rgb(5,101,123)",
opacity=1,
border_width=0.8,
border_color="rgb(62,215,213)",
),
map3d_label=opts.Map3DLabelOpts(
is_show=False,
formatter=JsCode("function(data){return data.name + " " + data.value[2];}"),
),
emphasis_label_opts=opts.LabelOpts(
is_show=False,
color="#fff",
font_size=10,
background_color="rgba(0,23,11,0)",
),
light_opts=opts.Map3DLightOpts(
main_color="#fff",
main_intensity=1.2,
main_shadow_quality="high",
is_main_shadow=False,
main_beta=10,
ambient_intensity=0.3,
),
)
.add(
series_name="Scatter3D",
data_pair=example_data,
type_=ChartType.SCATTER3D,
bar_size=1,
shading="lambert",
label_opts=opts.LabelOpts(
is_show=False,
formatter=JsCode("function(data){return data.name + ' ' + data.value[2];}"),
),
)
.set_global_opts(title_opts=opts.TitleOpts(title="Map3D-Scatter3D"))
.render("map3d_with_scatter3d.html")
)
3. 3D大陆+柱状图
from pyecharts import options as opts
from pyecharts.charts import Map3D
from pyecharts.globals import ChartType
from pyecharts.commons.utils import JsCode
example_data = [
("黑龙江", [127.9688, 45.368, 100]),
("内蒙古", [110.3467, 41.4899, 300]),
("吉林", [125.8154, 44.2584, 300]),
("辽宁", [123.1238, 42.1216, 300]),
("河北", [114.4995, 38.1006, 300]),
("天津", [117.4219, 39.4189, 300]),
("山西", [112.3352, 37.9413, 300]),
("陕西", [109.1162, 34.2004, 300]),
("甘肃", [103.5901, 36.3043, 300]),
("宁夏", [106.3586, 38.1775, 300]),
("青海", [101.4038, 36.8207, 300]),
("新疆", [87.9236, 43.5883, 300]),
("西藏", [91.11, 29.97, 300]),
("四川", [103.9526, 30.7617, 300]),
("重庆", [108.384366, 30.439702, 300]),
("山东", [117.1582, 36.8701, 300]),
("河南", [113.4668, 34.6234, 300]),
("江苏", [118.8062, 31.9208, 300]),
("安徽", [117.29, 32.0581, 300]),
("湖北", [114.3896, 30.6628, 300]),
("浙江", [119.5313, 29.8773, 300]),
("福建", [119.4543, 25.9222, 300]),
("江西", [116.0046, 28.6633, 300]),
("湖南", [113.0823, 28.2568, 300]),
("贵州", [106.6992, 26.7682, 300]),
("广西", [108.479, 23.1152, 300]),
("海南", [110.3893, 19.8516, 300]),
("上海", [121.4648, 31.2891, 1300]),
]
c = (
Map3D()
.add_schema(
itemstyle_opts=opts.ItemStyleOpts(
color="rgb(5,101,123)",
opacity=1,
border_width=0.8,
border_color="rgb(62,215,213)",
),
map3d_label=opts.Map3DLabelOpts(
is_show=False,
formatter=JsCode("function(data){return data.name + " " + data.value[2];}"),
),
emphasis_label_opts=opts.LabelOpts(
is_show=False,
color="#fff",
font_size=10,
background_color="rgba(0,23,11,0)",
),
light_opts=opts.Map3DLightOpts(
main_color="#fff",
main_intensity=1.2,
main_shadow_quality="high",
is_main_shadow=False,
main_beta=10,
ambient_intensity=0.3,
),
)
.add(
series_name="bar3D",
data_pair=example_data,
type_=ChartType.BAR3D,
bar_size=1,
shading="lambert",
label_opts=opts.LabelOpts(
is_show=False,
formatter=JsCode("function(data){return data.name + ' ' + data.value[2];}"),
),
)
.set_global_opts(title_opts=opts.TitleOpts(title="Map3D-Bar3D"))
.render("map3d_with_bar3d.html")
)
4. 全国行政区
from pyecharts import options as opts
from pyecharts.charts import Map3D
from pyecharts.globals import ChartType
c = (
Map3D()
.add_schema(
itemstyle_opts=opts.ItemStyleOpts(
color="rgb(5,101,123)",
opacity=1,
border_width=0.8,
border_color="rgb(62,215,213)",
),
map3d_label=opts.Map3DLabelOpts(
is_show=True,
text_style=opts.TextStyleOpts(
color="#fff", font_size=16, background_color="rgba(0,0,0,0)"
),
),
emphasis_label_opts=opts.LabelOpts(is_show=True),
light_opts=opts.Map3DLightOpts(
main_color="#fff",
main_intensity=1.2,
is_main_shadow=False,
main_alpha=55,
main_beta=10,
ambient_intensity=0.3,
),
)
.add(series_name="", data_pair="", maptype=ChartType.MAP3D)
.set_global_opts(
title_opts=opts.TitleOpts(title="全国行政区划地图-Base"),
visualmap_opts=opts.VisualMapOpts(is_show=False),
tooltip_opts=opts.TooltipOpts(is_show=True),
)
.render("map3d_china_base.html")
)
注：一定要去画一画，这样3D大图才有意思。
总结
本文主要介绍了如何使用Pyecharts画常见的几种3D图形。
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