观察者模式（Observer）

</pre><pre>

1. 目的 ：当一个类（ConcreteObserverA、ConcreteObserverB）关心另外一个类（ConcreteSubjectA）的状态，希望如果ConcreteSubjectA的状态发生变化时，观察者（ConcreteObserverA、ConcreteObserverB）能够得到通知，并且执行一定的动作。

observer.h

ifndef OBSERVER_H_
#define OBSERVER_H_
#include <vector>

class Subject;

class Observer
{
public:
	Observer(Subject* = NULL);
	virtual ~Observer()
	{}

	virtual void update() const = 0;
protected:
	Subject* subject;
};

class Subject
{
public:
	virtual ~Subject()
	{}
	void attach(Observer&);
	void dettach(Observer&);
	void notify() const;
private:
	std::vector<Observer*> observers;
};

class ConcreteObserverA: public Observer
{
public:
	ConcreteObserverA(Subject*);
	void update() const;
};

class ConcreteObserverB: public Observer
{
public:
	ConcreteObserverB(Subject*);
	void update() const;
};

class ConcreteSubjectA:public Subject
{
public:
	void setState(std::string);
	std::string getState();
private:
	std::string state;
};





#endif /* OBSERVER_H_ */

observer.cpp

#include <iostream>
#include <vector>
#include "Observer.h"

using namespace std;

Observer::Observer(Subject* subject):subject(subject)
{
	subject->attach(*this);
}

void Subject::attach(Observer& arg)
{
	observers.push_back(&arg);
}

void Subject::dettach(Observer& arg)
{
}

void Subject::notify() const
{
	vector<Observer*>::const_iterator it = observers.begin();

	while(it != observers.end())
	{
		(*it)->update();
		it++;
	}
}

void ConcreteSubjectA::setState(string arg)
{
	state = arg;
	notify();
}

string ConcreteSubjectA::getState()
{
	return state;
}

ConcreteObserverA::ConcreteObserverA(Subject* arg):Observer(arg)
{

}

void ConcreteObserverA::update() const
{
	cout<<"ConcreteObserverA "<<(dynamic_cast<ConcreteSubjectA*>(subject))->getState()<<endl;
}

ConcreteObserverB::ConcreteObserverB(Subject* arg):Observer(arg)
{

}

void ConcreteObserverB::update() const
{
	cout<<"ConcreteObserverB "<<(dynamic_cast<ConcreteSubjectA*>(subject))->getState()<<endl;
}




void observer()
{
	ConcreteSubjectA subject;
	ConcreteObserverA o1(&subject);
	ConcreteObserverB o2(&subject);

	subject.setState("old");
	subject.setState("new");
}