需要练习的题目

1

★颠倒一个句子中的词的顺序，比如将“我叫克丽丝”转换为“克丽丝叫我”，

实现速度最快，移动最少。
ANSWER:
Reverse the whole string, then reverse each word. Using the reverseFixlen() above.
void reverseWordsInSentence(char * sen) {
  int len = strlen(sen);
  reverseFixlen(sen, len);
  char * p = str;
  while (*p!=’\0’) {
    while (*p == ‘ ‘ && *p!=’\0’) p++;
    str = p;
    while (p!= ‘ ‘ && *p!=’\0’) p++;
    reverseFixlen(str, p-str);
  }

}

2

★找到一个子字符串。优化速度。优化空间。
ANSWER:
KMP? BM? Sunday? Using BM or sunday, if it’s ASCII string, then it’s easy to fast access the auxiliary array. Otherwise an hashmap or bst may be needed. Lets assume it’s an ASCII string.

3 
判断整数序列是不是二元查找树的后序遍历结果
题目：输入一个整数数组，判断该数组是不是某二元查找树的后序遍历的结果。
如果是返回true，否则返回false。
例如输入5、7、6、9、11、10、8，由于这一整数序列是如下树的后序遍历结果：
8
/ \
6 10
/ \ / \
5 7 9 11
因此返回true。
如果输入7、4、6、5，没有哪棵树的后序遍历的结果是这个序列，因此返回false。

4

第11 题

求二叉树中节点的最大距离...
如果我们把二叉树看成一个图，父子节点之间的连线看成是双向的，
我们姑且定义"距离"为两节点之间边的个数。
写一个程序，
求一棵二叉树中相距最远的两个节点之间的距离。
ANSWER:
This is interesting... Also recursively, the longest distance between two nodes must be either from root to one leaf, or between two leafs. For the former case, it’s the tree height. For the latter case, it should be the sum of the heights of left and right subtrees of the two leaves’ most least ancestor.
The first case is also the sum the heights of subtrees, just the height + 0.

int maxDistance(Node * root) {
  int depth;
  return helper(root, depth);
}
int helper(Node * root, int &depth) {
  if (root == NULL) {
    depth = 0; return 0;
  }
  int ld, rd;
  int maxleft = helper(root->left, ld);
  int maxright = helper(root->right, rd);
  depth = max(ld, rd)+1;
  return max(maxleft, max(maxright, ld+rd));
}

5

第16 题：
题目（微软）：
输入一颗二元树，从上往下按层打印树的每个结点，同一层中按照从左往右的顺序打印。
例如输入
8
/ \
6 10
/ \ / \
5 7 9 11
输出8 6 10 5 7 9 11。
ANSWER:
The nodes in the levels are printed in the similar manner their parents were printed. So it should be an FIFO queue to hold the level. I really don’t remember the function name of the stl queue, so I will write it in Java...
void printByLevel(Node root) {
  Node sentinel = new Node();
  LinkedList<Node> q=new LinkedList<Node>();
  q.addFirst(root); q.addFirst(sentinel);
  while (!q.isEmpty()) {
    Node n = q.removeLast();
    if (n==sentinel) {
      System.out.println(“\n”);
      q.addFirst(sentinel);
    } else {
      System.out.println(n);
      if (n.left() != null) q.addFirst(n.left());
      if (n.right()!=null) q.addFirst(n.right());
     }   
  }

}

6

第21 题
2010 年中兴面试题
编程求解：
输入两个整数n 和m，从数列1，2，3.......n 中随意取几个数,
使其和等于m ,要求将其中所有的可能组合列出来.
ANSWER
This is a combination generation problem.
void findCombination(int n, int m) {
  if (n>m) findCombination(m, m);
  int aux[n];
  memset(aux, 0, n*sizeof(int));
  helper(m, 0, aux);
}
void helper(int dest, int idx, int aux[], int n) {
  if (dest == 0)
    dump(aux, n);
  if (dest <= 0 || idx==n) return;
  helper(dest, idx+1, aux, n);
  aux[idx] = 1;
  helper(dest-idx-1, idx+1, aux, n);
  aux[idx] = 0;
}
void dump(int aux[], int n) {
  for (int i=0; i<n; i++)
    if (aux[i]) printf(“%3d”, i+1);
  printf(“\n”);
}
PS: this is not an elegant implementation, however, it is not necessary to use gray code or other techniques for such a problem, right?

7

29.栈的push、pop 序列

题目：输入两个整数序列。其中一个序列表示栈的push 顺序，
判断另一个序列有没有可能是对应的pop 顺序。
为了简单起见，我们假设push 序列的任意两个整数都是不相等的。
比如输入的push 序列是1、2、3、4、5，那么4、5、3、2、1 就有可能是一个pop 系列。
因为可以有如下的push 和pop 序列：
push 1，push 2，push 3，push 4，pop，push 5，pop，pop，pop，pop，
这样得到的pop 序列就是4、5、3、2、1。
但序列4、3、5、1、2 就不可能是push 序列1、2、3、4、5 的pop 序列。
ANSWER
This seems interesting. However, a quite straightforward and promising way is to actually build the stack and check whether the pop action can be achieved.

int isPopSeries(int push[], int pop[], int n) {
stack<int> helper;
int i1=0, i2=0;
while (i2 < n) {
while (stack.empty() || stack.peek() != pop[i2]) {
if (i1<n) 
stack.push(push[i1++]);
else
return 0;
while (!stack.empty() && stack.peek() == pop[i2]) {
stack.pop(); i2++;
}
}
}
return 1;
}

8

谷歌笔试：
n 支队伍比赛，分别编号为0，1，2。。。。n-1，已知它们之间的实力对比关系，
存储在一个二维数组w[n][n]中，w[i][j] 的值代表编号为i，j 的队伍中更强的一支。
所以w[i][j]=i 或者j，现在给出它们的出场顺序，并存储在数组order[n]中，
比如order[n] = {4,3,5,8,1......}，那么第一轮比赛就是4 对3， 5 对8。.......
胜者晋级，败者淘汰，同一轮淘汰的所有队伍排名不再细分，即可以随便排，
下一轮由上一轮的胜者按照顺序，再依次两两比，比如可能是4 对5,直至出现第一名
编程实现，给出二维数组w，一维数组order 和用于输出比赛名次的数组result[n]，
求出result。
ANSWER
This question is like no-copying merge, or in place matrix rotation.
* No-copying merge: merge order to result, then merge the first half from order, and so on.
* in place matrix rotation: rotate 01, 23, .. , 2k/2k+1 to 02...2k, 1,3,...2k+1...
The two approaches are both complicated. However, notice one special feature that the losers’ order doesn’t matter. Thus a half-way merge is much simpler and easier:void knockOut(int **w, int order[], int result[], int n) {
  int round = n;
  memcpy(result, order, n*sizeof(int));
  while (round>1) {
    int i,j;
    for (i=0,j=0; i<round; i+=2) {
      int win= (i==round-1) ? i : w[i][i+1];
      swap(result, j, win);
      j++;
    }
  }

9
有n 个长为m+1 的字符串，
如果某个字符串的最后m 个字符与某个字符串的前m 个字符匹配，则两个字符串可以联接，
问这n 个字符串最多可以连成一个多长的字符串，如果出现循环，则返回错误。

10

一串首尾相连的珠子(m 个)，有N 种颜色(N<=10)，
设计一个算法，取出其中一段，要求包含所有N 中颜色，并使长度最短。
并分析时间复杂度与空间复杂度。
ANSWER
Use a sliding window and a counting array, plus a counter which monitors the num of zero slots in counting array. When there is still zero slot(s), advance the window head, until there is no zero slot. Then shrink the window until a slot comes zero. Then one candidate segment of (window_size + 1) is achieved. Repeat this. It is O(n) algorithm since each item is swallowed and left behind only once, and either operation is in constant time.
int shortestFullcolor(int a[], int n, int m) {
  int c[m], ctr = m;
  int h=0, t=0;
  int min=n;
  while (1) {
     while (ctr > 0 && h<n) {
       if (c[a[h]] == 0) ctr --;
       c[a[h]] ++;
       h++;
     }
     if (h>=n) return min;
     while (1) {
       c[a[t]] --;
       if (c[a[t]] == 0) break;
       t++;
     }
     if (min > h-t) min = h-t;
     t++; ctr++;
  }
}

11

腾讯面试题：

1.设计一个魔方（六面）的程序。
ANSWER
This is a problem to test OOP.
The object MagicCube must have following features
1) holds current status
2) easily doing transform
3) judge whether the final status is achieved
4) to test, it can be initialized
5) output current status

public class MagicCube {
  // 6 faces, 9 chips each face
  private byte chips[54];
  static final int X = 0;
  static final int Y = 1;
  static final int Z = 1;
  void transform(int direction, int level) {
    switch direction: {
      X : { transformX(level); break; }
      Y : { transformY(level); break; }
      Z : { transformZ(level); break; }
      default: throw new RuntimeException(“what direction?”);
    }
    void transformX(int level) { … }
    }
  }
  // really tired of making this...
}

12

雅虎：
1.对于一个整数矩阵，存在一种运算，对矩阵中任意元素加一时，需要其相邻（上下左右）
某一个元素也加一，现给出一正数矩阵，判断其是否能够由一个全零矩阵经过上述运算得到。
ANSWER
A assignment problem. Two ways to solve. 1: duplicate each cell to as many as its value, do Hungarian algorithm. Denote the sum of the matrix as M, the edge number is 2M, so the complexity is 2*M*M; 2: standard maximum flow. If the size of matrix is NxN, then the algorithm using Ford Fulkerson algorithm is M*N*N.
too complex... I will do this when I have time...

13

2.一个整数数组，长度为n，将其分为m 份，使各份的和相等，求m 的最大值
比如{3，2，4，3，6} 可以分成{3，2，4，3，6} m=1;
{3,6}{2,4,3} m=2
{3,3}{2,4}{6} m=3 所以m 的最大值为3

14

搜狐：
四对括号可以有多少种匹配排列方式？比如两对括号可以有两种：（）（）和（（））
ANSWER:
Suppose k parenthesis has f(k) permutations, k is large enough. Check the first parenthesis, if there are i parenthesis in it then, the number of permutations inside it and out of it are f(i) and f(k-i-1), respectively. That is
f(k) = Sum_i=[0,k-1]_(f(i)*f(k-i-1));
which leads to the k’th Catalan number.

15

创新工场：
求一个数组的最长递减子序列比如{9，4，3，2，5，4，3，2}的最长递减子序列为{9，5，
4，3，2}
ANSWER:
Scan from left to right, maintain a decreasing sequence. For each number, binary search in the decreasing sequence to see whether it can be substituted.

16

字符串的排列。
题目：输入一个字符串，打印出该字符串中字符的所有排列。
例如输入字符串abc，则输出由字符a、b、c 所能排列出来的所有字符串
abc、acb、bac、bca、cab 和cba。

17