YOLOv8的魔法：从小白到入土的深度学习笔记

VolarAS

已于 2023-09-26 14:56:48 修改

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分类专栏：深度学习文章标签： YOLO 目标检测分类深度学习

于 2023-09-19 12:51:59 首次发布

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/VolarAS/article/details/133016460

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关键词：车辆分类车辆目标检测细粒度车辆分类与检测车牌识别与车辆检测的整合 yolov8的使用
工具：pytorch + pycharm + anaconda

文章目录

前言
一、前期准备
二、正式使用
总结

前言

作为正式开发的第一个深度学习相关项目（经历了从yolov5到v8的过渡），今天准备记录自己的学习笔记。这是我作为一个深度学习小白，探索的点点滴滴。同时，我也将为大家记录一下YOLOv8的使用细节，希望这篇文章能对小白们有所帮助。当然，~~大佬们轻喷哈~~，我也是在不断进步的路上，一起学习一起进步嘛！😎

一、前期准备

yolov8
按照readme在pycharm中安装项目
在项目根目录下运行下列指令（配置解释器个人喜欢用anaconda创建环境然后pycharm直接去找这个解释器这样有些时候requirements中包的安装不完全或者需要别的时候我更习惯在anaconda的命令行中处理安装）

pip install ultralytics
pip install -r requirements.txt

二、正式使用

0. 关于yolov8下项目目录的介绍

主要介绍几个需要用到的

yolov8
├──datasets //自己创建一个存放数据集的文件夹)
....
├──runs	//该文件夹下是运行后的结果存储位置
├──ultralytics(大部分重要文件)
	├──cfg
		├──datasets(原来的数据集yaml文件路径)
			├──coco128.yaml
			...
	├──models
		...
		├──v8
			├──yolov8.yaml(yolo的yaml)
			...		
...

大概介绍如上我们用到的也就在上面

1. 数据集的处理

笔者是直接将v5的数据集复制过来也可以直接使用
关于转格式（voc xml）的文章csdn上也有很多了在此不做赘述过多介绍（毕竟满足不了需求的话chatgpt也能解决😎）

yolov8
├──datasets //自己创建一个存放数据集的文件夹)
	├──cars(数据集 自己命名)
		├── images      
		       ├── train          
		              ├── xx.jpg     
		       ├── val         
		              ├── xx.jpg 
		├── labels      
		       ├── train          
		              ├── xx.txt     
		       ├── val         
		              ├── xx.txt

2. 配置文件的调整

笔者配置yaml的时候出现了不少问题最后使用的方法如下
将数据集配置文件和yolo配置文件都放到数据集根目录下然后在训练程序中加上路径名

数据集配置文件如下

# Train/val/test sets as 1) dir: path/to/imgs, 2) file: path/to/imgs.txt, or 3) list: [path/to/imgs1, path/to/imgs2, ..]
path: E:\yolov8\datasets\cars  # dataset root dir
train: images/train # train images (relative to 'path')
val: images/val  # val images (relative to 'path')
test:  # test images (optional)

# Classes
nc: 222  # number of classes
names:
  0: 无
  1: 小轿车
  2: 越野车
  3: 巴士
  4: 公交车
  5: 大货车
  ......

其中值得注意的是names中调整的txt文件中是以数字来标注的且平移了一下（txt中类别也没有0直接从1开始）和大多往常的不太一样所以我们的0号空了出来
nc数对应总的类别数但是yolov8必须一一对应简单来说就是 names.length==nc所以为了对应我们的标注规则空闲的一些类别也要写上（如：无）

yolov8(s).yaml

# Ultralytics YOLO 🚀, AGPL-3.0 license
# YOLOv8 object detection model with P3-P5 outputs. For Usage examples see https://docs.ultralytics.com/tasks/detect

# Parameters
nc: 222  # number of classes
scales: # model compound scaling constants, i.e. 'model=yolov8n.yaml' will call yolov8.yaml with scale 'n'
  # [depth, width, max_channels]
  n: [0.33, 0.25, 1024]  # YOLOv8n summary: 225 layers,  3157200 parameters,  3157184 gradients,   8.9 GFLOPs
  s: [0.33, 0.50, 1024]  # YOLOv8s summary: 225 layers, 11166560 parameters, 11166544 gradients,  28.8 GFLOPs
......

只需要修改一个部分 nc: 222 # number of classes改成数据yaml中的类别数
值得注意的是yolov8的yaml有所改变
scales: # model compound scaling constants, i.e. 'model=yolov8n.yaml' will call yolov8.yaml with scale 'n'这意味着你怎样命名就会怎样调用模型如果你命名为yolov8s.yaml那么就会调用yolov8s n/m/l/x同理

3. 开始训练！✨✨✨

yolo task=detect mode=train data=E:\yolov8\datasets\carsTest.yaml model=yolov8s.yaml model=yolov8s.pt epochs=100 batch=8 device=0 workers=1

关于参数的设置可以根据自己设备自行选择
我的gpu是3060 6G（奈何笔记本阉割版内存吃紧所以调整的batch和workers都比较低）
放一个default.yaml(总体参数/yolo命令都可以参考如下) (在ultralytics目录下)

# Ultralytics YOLO 🚀, AGPL-3.0 license
# Default training settings and hyperparameters for medium-augmentation COCO training

task: detect  # (str) YOLO task, i.e. detect, segment, classify, pose
mode: train  # (str) YOLO mode, i.e. train, val, predict, export, track, benchmark

# Train settings -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
model:  # (str, optional) path to model file, i.e. yolov8n.pt, yolov8n.yaml
data:  # (str, optional) path to data file, i.e. coco128.yaml
epochs: 100  # (int) number of epochs to train for
patience: 50  # (int) epochs to wait for no observable improvement for early stopping of training
batch: 16  # (int) number of images per batch (-1 for AutoBatch)
imgsz: 640  # (int | list) input images size as int for train and val modes, or list[w,h] for predict and export modes
save: True  # (bool) save train checkpoints and predict results
save_period: -1 # (int) Save checkpoint every x epochs (disabled if < 1)
cache: False  # (bool) True/ram, disk or False. Use cache for data loading
device:  # (int | str | list, optional) device to run on, i.e. cuda device=0 or device=0,1,2,3 or device=cpu
workers: 8  # (int) number of worker threads for data loading (per RANK if DDP)
project:  # (str, optional) project name
name:  # (str, optional) experiment name, results saved to 'project/name' directory
exist_ok: False  # (bool) whether to overwrite existing experiment
pretrained: True  # (bool | str) whether to use a pretrained model (bool) or a model to load weights from (str)
optimizer: auto  # (str) optimizer to use, choices=[SGD, Adam, Adamax, AdamW, NAdam, RAdam, RMSProp, auto]
verbose: True  # (bool) whether to print verbose output
seed: 0  # (int) random seed for reproducibility
deterministic: True  # (bool) whether to enable deterministic mode
single_cls: False  # (bool) train multi-class data as single-class
rect: False  # (bool) rectangular training if mode='train' or rectangular validation if mode='val'
cos_lr: False  # (bool) use cosine learning rate scheduler
close_mosaic: 10  # (int) disable mosaic augmentation for final epochs (0 to disable)
resume: False  # (bool) resume training from last checkpoint
amp: True  # (bool) Automatic Mixed Precision (AMP) training, choices=[True, False], True runs AMP check
fraction: 1.0  # (float) dataset fraction to train on (default is 1.0, all images in train set)
profile: False  # (bool) profile ONNX and TensorRT speeds during training for loggers
freeze: None  # (int | list, optional) freeze first n layers, or freeze list of layer indices during training
# Segmentation
overlap_mask: True  # (bool) masks should overlap during training (segment train only)
mask_ratio: 4  # (int) mask downsample ratio (segment train only)
# Classification
dropout: 0.0  # (float) use dropout regularization (classify train only)

# Val/Test settings ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
val: True  # (bool) validate/test during training
split: val  # (str) dataset split to use for validation, i.e. 'val', 'test' or 'train'
save_json: False  # (bool) save results to JSON file
save_hybrid: False  # (bool) save hybrid version of labels (labels + additional predictions)
conf:  # (float, optional) object confidence threshold for detection (default 0.25 predict, 0.001 val)
iou: 0.7  # (float) intersection over union (IoU) threshold for NMS
max_det: 300  # (int) maximum number of detections per image
half: False  # (bool) use half precision (FP16)
dnn: False  # (bool) use OpenCV DNN for ONNX inference
plots: True  # (bool) save plots during train/val

# Prediction settings --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
source:  # (str, optional) source directory for images or videos
show: False  # (bool) show results if possible
save_txt: False  # (bool) save results as .txt file
save_conf: False  # (bool) save results with confidence scores
save_crop: False  # (bool) save cropped images with results
show_labels: True  # (bool) show object labels in plots
show_conf: True  # (bool) show object confidence scores in plots
vid_stride: 1  # (int) video frame-rate stride
stream_buffer: False  # (bool) buffer all streaming frames (True) or return the most recent frame (False)
line_width:   # (int, optional) line width of the bounding boxes, auto if missing
visualize: False  # (bool) visualize model features
augment: False  # (bool) apply image augmentation to prediction sources
agnostic_nms: False  # (bool) class-agnostic NMS
classes:  # (int | list[int], optional) filter results by class, i.e. classes=0, or classes=[0,2,3]
retina_masks: False  # (bool) use high-resolution segmentation masks
boxes: True  # (bool) Show boxes in segmentation predictions

# Export settings ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
format: torchscript  # (str) format to export to, choices at https://docs.ultralytics.com/modes/export/#export-formats
keras: False  # (bool) use Kera=s
optimize: False  # (bool) TorchScript: optimize for mobile
int8: False  # (bool) CoreML/TF INT8 quantization
dynamic: False  # (bool) ONNX/TF/TensorRT: dynamic axes
simplify: False  # (bool) ONNX: simplify model
opset:  # (int, optional) ONNX: opset version
workspace: 4  # (int) TensorRT: workspace size (GB)
nms: False  # (bool) CoreML: add NMS

# Hyperparameters ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
lr0: 0.01  # (float) initial learning rate (i.e. SGD=1E-2, Adam=1E-3)
lrf: 0.01  # (float) final learning rate (lr0 * lrf)
momentum: 0.937  # (float) SGD momentum/Adam beta1
weight_decay: 0.0005  # (float) optimizer weight decay 5e-4
warmup_epochs: 3.0  # (float) warmup epochs (fractions ok)
warmup_momentum: 0.8  # (float) warmup initial momentum
warmup_bias_lr: 0.1  # (float) warmup initial bias lr
box: 7.5  # (float) box loss gain
cls: 0.5  # (float) cls loss gain (scale with pixels)
dfl: 1.5  # (float) dfl loss gain
pose: 12.0  # (float) pose loss gain
kobj: 1.0  # (float) keypoint obj loss gain
label_smoothing: 0.0  # (float) label smoothing (fraction)
nbs: 64  # (int) nominal batch size
hsv_h: 0.015  # (float) image HSV-Hue augmentation (fraction)
hsv_s: 0.7  # (float) image HSV-Saturation augmentation (fraction)
hsv_v: 0.4  # (float) image HSV-Value augmentation (fraction)
degrees: 0.0  # (float) image rotation (+/- deg)
translate: 0.1  # (float) image translation (+/- fraction)
scale: 0.5  # (float) image scale (+/- gain)
shear: 0.0  # (float) image shear (+/- deg)
perspective: 0.0  # (float) image perspective (+/- fraction), range 0-0.001
flipud: 0.0  # (float) image flip up-down (probability)
fliplr: 0.5  # (float) image flip left-right (probability)
mosaic: 1.0  # (float) image mosaic (probability)
mixup: 0.0  # (float) image mixup (probability)
copy_paste: 0.0  # (float) segment copy-paste (probability)

# Custom config.yaml ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
cfg:  # (str, optional) for overriding defaults.yaml

# Tracker settings ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
tracker: botsort.yaml  # (str) tracker type, choices=[botsort.yaml, bytetrack.yaml]