四六级同义替换——适用于听力阅读

目录

同义替换整理 【1】

同义替换整理 【2】


同义替换整理 【1】

1. analyze 分析,研究 v.

=evaluate, study

2. contribute 贡献 v.

=donate, provide, give

3. describe 描述 v.

=portray, represent, picture

4. establish 建立 v.

=construct, found, erect, build, set up

5. profession 职业,行业 n.

=occupation, career, trade

6. naturally 自然地 ad.

=certainly, surely, indeed

7. personnel 全体人员 n.

=staff, faculty, crew, workers

8. properly 适当正确地 ad.

=appropriately, suitably, correctly

9. widen 扩大 v.

=broaden, enlarge, extend, expand, stretch

10. aspect 方面外观 n.

=appearance, look, view

11. character 性格品质 n.

=quality, personality, nature

12. total 总体 a.&n.&v.

=entire, overall, sum up

13. unconscious 无意识的 a.

=unaware, absent-minded, unintentional

14. clumsy 愚笨的 a.

=awkward, unskillful

15. doubtful 怀疑的 a.

=suspicious, questionable, suspect, uncertain

16. incredibly 难以置信地 ad.

=unbelievably, unlikely

17. protect 保护 v.

=defend, guard, shelter, shield, preserve

18. exception 例外 n.

=exclusion

19. recruit 征募 v.

=enroll, enlist

20. unsure 不确定的 a.

=uncertain, doubtful, yet to be proved, possible

21. communicate 交流 v.

=convey, transmit, inform

22. completely 完全彻底地 ad.

=entirely, utterly, fully, altogether, thoroughly, absolutely, perfectly, totally

23. reduce 减少 v.

=decrease, lessen, diminish

24. replace 替换 v.

=substitute, displace, change

25. sense 感觉 n.;意识到 v.

=feel, understand, realize

26. shift 转换 n.&v.

=change, alter, vary, convert, transform, switch, modify

27. supply 供给 n.&v.

=stock, provide, furnish, feed

28. derive 获取 v.

=obtain, gain, get

29. diversity 多样性 n.

=variety, multiplicity, difference

30. narrow 狭窄的 a.;缩小 v.

=limited, restricted, tighten (narrow down)

31. achieve 完成达到 v.

=reach, attain, accomplish

32. sensitive 敏感的 a.

=delicate

33. display 展示 n.&v.

=show, exhibit, demonstrate

34. essential 本质的,必要的 a.

=vital, crucial, critical, indispensable, fundamental

35. proceed 继续下去 v.

=continue, go on

36. respect 尊敬 v.

=honor, regard, admire

37. mission 任务,使团 n.

=assignment, duty, task

38. performance 表演,业绩,执行 n.

=act, achievement, accomplishment

39. especially 尤其特别,专门 ad.

=particularly, primarily, chiefly

40. remarkably 显著非凡地 ad.

=extraordinarily, unusually, surprisingly

41. achieve 完成,达到 v.

=reach, attain, accomplish

42. appeal 呼吁 v.;吸引力 n.

=request, attraction

43. display 展示 n.&v.

=show, exhibit, demonstrate

44. essential 本质的必要的 a.

=vital, crucial, critical, indispensable, fundamental

45. proceed 继续下去 v.

=continue, go on

46. enhance 提高,增强 v.

=increase, improve, raise

47. hinder 阻碍 v.

=prevent, restrain, stop

48. require 需要,规定 v.

=command, demand, ask

49. urge 催促,主张 v.

=push, drive, insist

50. enormous 巨大的 a.

=huge, vast, great

51. derive from 源于

=originate from, stem from, come from

同义替换整理 【2】

1. 失业unemployment = layoffs = job losses

2. 简历resume – hand in

3. 人才人事personnel = talent = human resources

4. 职位position = post = opening

5. 福利计划benefits package

6. 创新innovation = creativity

7. 顾问consultant

8. 破产bankrupt = shut down

9. 剧降decline = drop = fall

10. 恶化deteriorate = decline = get worse

11. 市议会city council

12. 灭绝 extinct = die out

13. 可再生能源renewables = 可替代能源alternative energy = 清洁能源clean energy

14. 二氧化碳carbon dioxide – 温室气体green house gas

15. 卡路里calories

16. 加速accelerate = speed up

17. 进步advance = pace = development

18. 经济危机economic crisis = financial difficulty = recession

19. 救援计划rescue packages

20. 反弹rebound = 恢复recovery

21. 必修课compulsory course = requirement – 选修课 optional / elective courses

22. 学费tuition = 教育花费educational expenses

23. 学士学位bachelor’s degree – 硕士学位 master’s degree – 博士学位doctoral degree

24. 研究生院graduate school – 研究生postgraduate

25. 毕业论文thesis

26. 导师supervisor = 导师tutor = 负责人in charge

27. 系主任dean

28. 课程curriculum = course = program

29. 哲学philosophy – 心理学 psychology

30. 社会学sociology

31. 官僚bureaucracy

32. 学期论文term paper

33. 草稿draft

34. 传记biography — 生物 biology

35. 大四生/老年人seniors

36. 老年人senior citizen = old people

37. 目击者/目击witness

38. 被指控be accused of = be charged

39. 营养nutrition

40. 糖尿病diabetes

41. 病毒virus

42. 药方remedy = prescription

43. 治疗cure

44. 素食者vegetarian = eat no meat

45. 治疗therapy = remedy = treatment

46. 获得get access to

47. 信息技术information technology

48. 推荐recommend

49. 和解reconcile with = 妥协compromise

50. 有趣的intriguing = interesting

51. 毒品drugs

52. 足够的sufficient = adequate = ample

53. 缺乏deficient = lack

54. 缺点drawback = weakness = shortcoming

55. 促进stimulate = promote = boost = facilitate

56. 萧条recession

57. 非法illegal

58. 刻板印象stereotype = 偏见bias

59. 减少lessen = reduce = cut

60. 弱化weaken

61. 贷款loans - 抵押mortgage

62. 回馈feedback = opinion

63. 贸易会trade fair

64. 减少diminish

65. 认知下降cognitive decline

66. 被感染be infected

67. 公投referendum – 选举election

68. 麻烦nuisance = headache = trouble

69. 收入revenue – income – salary - pay

70. 关闭shut down

71. 化石燃料fossil fuels

72. 极端事件extreme event

73. 校园招聘campus recruitment

74. 求职者job seekers = job hunters

75. 申请application

76. 灾难catastrophe = disaster

77. 危险hazard = danger

78. 冲突disputes = conflicts

79. 候选人candidate

80. 疫苗vaccine = 注射shot

81. 学期semester = term

82. 计算机编程computer programming

83. 策略strategy

84. 阻止/prevent / 阻止stop / 禁止ban / 禁止prohibit sb from doing sth

85. 抗议protest against

86. 工作保险job security

87. 歧视discrimination = look down upon =

88. 解散/开除dismiss = fire = lay off

89. 后果consequence – 严重的severe / serious

90. 妥协compromise

91. 成就accomplishment = achievement

内容概要:本文介绍了一种利用元启发式算法(如粒子群优化,PSO)优化线性二次调节器(LQR)控制器加权矩阵的方法,专门针对复杂的四级倒立摆系统。传统的LQR控制器设计中,加权矩阵Q的选择往往依赖于经验和试错,而这种方法难以应对高维度非线性系统的复杂性。文中详细描述了如何将控制器参数优化问题转化为多维空间搜索问题,并通过MATLAB代码展示了具体实施步骤。关键点包括:构建非线性系统的动力学模型、设计适应度函数、采用对数缩放技术避免局部最优、以及通过实验验证优化效果。结果显示,相比传统方法,PSO优化后的LQR控制器不仅提高了稳定性,还显著减少了最大控制力,同时缩短了稳定时间。 适合人群:控制系统研究人员、自动化工程专业学生、从事机器人控制或高级控制算法开发的技术人员。 使用场景及目标:适用于需要精确控制高度动态和不确定性的机械系统,特别是在处理多自由度、强耦合特性的情况下。目标是通过引入智能化的参数寻优手段,改善现有控制策略的效果,降低人为干预的需求,提高系统的鲁棒性和性能。 其他说明:文章强调了在实际应用中应注意的问题,如避免过拟合、考虑硬件限制等,并提出了未来研究方向,例如探索非对角Q矩阵的可能性。此外,还分享了一些实践经验,如如何处理高频抖动现象,以及如何结合不同类型的元启发式算法以获得更好的优化结果。
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