2023 年 12 月大学英语四级考试真题（第 1 套）——解析版

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2023 年 12 月大学英语四级考试真题（第 1 套）

PartI Writing (30 minutes)

Directions: Suppose the university newspaper is inviting submissions from the students for its coming edition on what in their university impresses them most. You are now to write an essay for submission. You will have 30 minutes to write the essay. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.

Part II Listening Comprehension (25 minutes)

Section A

Directions: In this section, you will hear three news reports. At the end ofeach news report, you will hear two or three questions. Both the news report and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A, B, C and D. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.

在这个部分，你将听到三篇新闻报道。在每篇新闻报道的最后，你会听到两三个问题。新闻报道和提问都只讲一次。当你听到一个问题后，你必须从A、B、C、D四个选项中选出一个最佳答案，然后在答题卡1上对应的字母中间划一条横线。

Questions 1 and 2 are based on the news report you have just heard.

【听力原文】

  A police officer in the U.S.stopped a large SUV car that was going very slowly and drifting across lanes on a highway.[1] He expected to find a driver who was either very drunk or having a medical emergency.Instead,the officer discovered a five-year-old boy sat on the edge of the driver’s seat.His feet could barely reach the brake,and his head was only just high enough to see out of the windows.The child had taken the keys to the family car while his teenage sister was napping.He then drove three kilometers across town before gtting on the highway.[2] The boy later told confused officers that he was planning to travel to California and buy a Lamborghini sports car.Although he onls had three dollars in his wallet,at least he was driving in the right direction.

2023-12-01-01.—开头第二句—原词复现一个“driver”

1. A. He noticed the driver was too young to drive.
   B. He found there was no one sitting at the wheel.
   C. He thought something must be wrong with the driver.
   D. He saw the driver changing lanes much too frequently.

1.Why did the police officer stop the SUV car?
警察为什么拦下了那辆SUV?
A.  他注意到司机太年轻，不能开车。          
B.  他发现方向盘上没有人。 
C.  他认为司机一定出了问题。                 
D.  他看到司机频繁地变换车道。

新闻开头提到，警官拦下了一辆大型SUV，这辆汽车行驶速度非常慢，而且在公路上横穿车道。他本以为会发现司机要么喝得酩酊大醉，要么需要急救，故C项为正确答案。其余三个选项在新闻中均未提及，可排除。

2023-12-01-02.—结尾第二句—原词复现全部，但中间被隔开

2. A. Buy a sports car.
   B. Drive across town.
   C. Leave California
   D. Visit his sister.

2.What did the boy tell the police officers he was planning to do? 
那个男孩告诉警察们他打算做什么?
A.买一辆跑车。                            
B.开车穿过小镇。
C.离开加利福尼亚。
D.去看望他的姐姐。          

新闻末尾提到，男孩告诉困惑的警官，他打算去加利福尼亚买一辆兰博基尼跑车，故A项为正确答案。

新闻提及小男孩开车穿行小镇三公里后上了公路，但开车穿过小镇不是他的目的，故排除B；

C 项与新闻内容正好相反，男孩私自开车是要去加利福尼亚，而非离开加利福尼亚，故排除C；

新闻提及他趁十几岁的姐姐打瞌睡时拿走了车钥匙，他并非要去看望姐姐，故排除D。

Questions 3 and 4 are based on the news report you have just heard.

【听力原文】

  Mobile phones have changed the way we live,how we read,work,communicate,and shop.But we already know this.[3] What we have not yet understood is the way the tiny machines in front of us are changing our skeletons,possibly altering not just the way we behave but even the very shape of our bodies.
  New scientific research at the University of the Sunshine Coast in Queensland,Australia,suggests that young people are developing extra pieces of bone at the backs of their heads.These pieces of bone are caused by the way people bend their heads when they use the phone.This shifts weight onto the muscles at the back of the head and causes the bone to grow in a way that is not normal.[4]This process can be compared to the way the skin hardens in response to constant rubbing or pressure .The result is a piece of bone like a hom that ticks out fom the head by the neck.

2023-12-01-03.—开头第二句—难—同义替换—“changing our skeletons”替换为“alter human skeletons”，听到一个关键词skeleton就要选了

3. A. How they change the way we shop.
   B. How they alter human skeletons.
   C. How they cause increased headaches.
   D. How they affect our communication.

3.What does the report say we have not yet understood about mobile phones?
报道称，我们还不了解关于手机的什么事情?
A.  它们如何改变我们的购物方式。              
B.  它们如何改变人类的骨骼。
C.  它们如何导致头痛加剧。
D.  它们如何影响我们的交流。   

新闻开头提到，手机改变了人类的很多方面，但是我们尚不了解的是，眼前的这些小机器是如何改变我们的骨骼的，故B项为正确答案。新闻中提到，手机改变了我们阅读、工作、交流和购物的方式，这些都是我们已知的，故A 、D两项错误。C 项在新闻中未提及，可排除。

2023-12-01-04.—听到一个关键词harden就要选了

4. A. It loosens.
   B. It brightens.
   C. It hardens.
   D. It softens.

4.What happens to the skin when rubbed or pressed constantly? 
皮肤在经过持续摩擦或压力下会发生什么?
A.  它会变松。                                
B.  它会变明亮。
C.  它会变硬。
D.  它会变软。   

新闻末尾提到，人们长期使用手机时低头的方式会导致后脑勺长出额外的骨头块儿，这一过程可以比作皮肤在持续摩擦或压力下变硬的过程。由此可知，皮肤在持续摩擦或压力下会变硬，故C项为正确答案。其余三项新闻中均未提及，可排除。

Questions 5 to 7 are based on the news report you have just heard.

【听力原文】

  [5] A village is going to throw a birthday party for an orange cat named Wilbur,who has become famous for making a regular appearance at local shops.
  Wilbur has his own Internet pages as he approaches his 10th birthday on July,7.Wilbur is both bold and friendly. [6] He spends most of his time in shops and businesses around the village.He’ll just take himself into any shop,anywhere .There was one time when the doctor’s receptionist came back and he was siting on her chair.Among his favorite haunts are a local hairdresser,two pubs,and the Nottingham Primary School.
  Lesley Harper,who runs one of the pubs,said the cat has been a big hit with their customers."He’s been a regular visitor for most of this year,"she told the Press Association."He’s a very relaxed cat,happy for customers and villagers young and old to come in and say hello.”[7] She also said he is a cat of expensive tastes who likes his high priced cat food.
  Sarah Godfrey,who is organizing Wilbur’s party,told the local newspaper,“Wilbur is part of our lives,as he is for everyone who lives in the village.”

2023-12-01-05.—开头第一句—原词复现两个“birthday party”

5. A. Create Internet pages for him.
   B. Ask a local pet shop to adopt him.
   C. Name an orange tree after him.
   D. Hold a birthday party for him.

5.What does the report say the village is going to do for the cat Wilbur?
报道中说，村里要为名叫威尔伯的猫做什么?
A. 为他创建网页。                            
B. 请当地一家宠物店收养他。    
C. 用他的名字命名一棵橘子树。              
D. 为他举办生日派对 。

新闻开头提到，一个村庄要为一只名叫威尔伯的橘猫举办生日派对，故D项为正确答案。

新闻中只提到这只猫有了自己的网页，但并未说这是整个村庄为他做的，故排除A项；

其余两项在新闻中均未提及，可排除。

2023-12-01-06.—开头第三句—原词复现两个“village … shop”

6. A. He is a bold and aggressive pet.
   B. He pays regular visits to village shops.
   C. He once bit a doctor’s receptionist.
   D. He likes to sit on the hairdresser’s chair.

6.What do we learn from the report about the cat?
关于这只猫，我们从报道中可以了解什么?
A.  他是一只大胆而好斗的宠物。
B.  他经常光顾村里的商店。
C.  他曾经咬过一位医生的接待员。
D.  他喜欢坐在理发师的椅子上。

新闻中提到，这只猫大部分时间都待在村周边的商店和企业里。他自己会去任何一个商店，任何地方，故 B项为正确答案。新闻中提到，这只猫既大胆又友好，而非好斗，A项错误；新闻中提到，有一次医生的接待员回来时发现这只猫坐在了她的椅子上，而并未提及这只猫是否咬过该接待员，也未提及他是否喜欢坐在理发师的椅子上，故排除C 、D两项。

2023-12-01-07.—结尾第二句—原词复现两个“cat food”

7. A. He is fond of luxury cat food.
   B. He likes to stay in villagers’ houses.
   C. He knows everybody in the village.
   D. He often seeks food around her pub.

7.What does the pub owner,Lesley Harper,say about the cat?
关于这只猫，酒吧老板莱斯利 ·哈珀说了什么?
A. 他喜欢吃奢侈的猫粮。                    
B. 他喜欢住在村民家里。
C. 他认识村里的每一个人。
D.他经常在她的酒吧附近觅食。

新闻结尾部分提到，一家酒吧的老板莱斯利 · 哈珀说这只猫口味奢侈，喜欢高价猫粮，故A项为正确答案。新闻并未提及他喜欢住在村民家中，也未提及他认识村子里的每个人，没有提到他经常在莱斯利·哈珀的酒店周围觅食，可排除其他选项。

Section B

Directions: In this section, you will hear two long conversations. At the end of each conversation, you will hear four questions. Both the conversation and the questions will bespoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A, B, C and D. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.

Questions 8 to 11 are based on the conversation you have just heard.

【听力原文】

M一：So,[8] where do you want to go for lunch?

W一：I don’t know.Do you have anything in mind?

M二：[9] What about the Sandwich Place on Camden Street?

W二：Hmm.…No,sorry.I don’t feel like sandwiches today.It’s a great place,but I think we go there too often.

M三：That’s true.[9] Remember that’s where we saw Brigette Clark,the famous movie star
W三：Of course.How could I ever forget?There were crowds of people around her asking for a photo with her.

M四：What about hamburgers,then?There’s that American style diner on the way to the mall.
W四：I like that place.Their chips are great,but their service takes a long time.[10]And I need to get back by 2:30 for a conference call.How about trying something new?We could try Mario’s,the new Italian restaurant on the corner.I looks all right.Have you been there?

M五：No,I haven’t,but I’ve noticed that it has great reviews on the Internet.It’s supposed to be one of the best Italian’s in town.I think Jeremy has been there and said it was amazing.I’m up for that.
W五：Cool.Have you asked Jeremy if he would like to come with us?

M六：I already have.He says he can’t.He has brought his own lunch today,so he will stay in.I think his wife made him soup.
W六：Poor Jeremy.[11]His wife is a terrible cook.He should throw that soup in the bin and join us.

2023-12-01-08.—男一第一句—原词复现两个“where … lunch”

8. A. Who to order the food.
   B. Whether to have sandwiches.
   C. When to go for their meal.
   D. Where to have their lunch.

8.What are the speakers talking about in this conversation?
在对话中，谈话者在谈论什么?
A.谁去点菜。                              
B.要不要吃三明治。
C.什么时候去吃饭。
D.去哪儿吃午饭 。

在对话开头，男士询问女士想去哪儿吃午饭，然后对话围绕着他们中午吃什么以及去哪家餐馆吃饭展开，所以答案是D项 。
B项是对话的部分内容，故排除；
A 、C 两项在对话中找不到相关信息，故均排除。

2023-12-01-09.—男二第一句—原词复现六个“the Sandwich Place on Camden Street”

9. A. In the shopping center nearby.
   B. In the expensive Italian style diner.
   C. At the sandwich place on Camden Street.
   D. At the American restaurant they frequent.

9.Where did the speakers see Brigette Clark,the famous movie star?
谈话者在哪里看到了著名影星布里奇特·克拉克?
A. 在附近的购物中心。                      
B. 在昂贵的意式餐厅里。
C. 在卡姆登街的三明治店。
D. 在他们经常光顾的美式餐厅。         

在对话中，男士询问女士要不要去卡姆登街的三明治店，女士回答说不想吃三明治，然后男士提到他们在 那里看到了著名影星布里奇特 ·克拉克，所以答案为C项。

2023-12-01-10.—女四第三句—原词复现三个“a conference call”

10. A. There is to be a conference call.
    B. She has to meet with her boss then.
    C. There will be crowds of people waiting for her.
    D. She will have a photo taken with Brigette Clark.

Why does the woman say she needs to get back by 2:30?
为什么女士说她需要在2:30之前回来?
A. 她有个电话会议。	
B. 她那时得去见老板。	
C. 会有很多人等她。
D. 她将和布里奇特·克拉克合影。

在对话中，女士评价一家美式餐厅时提到，那里的薯片很好吃，但是上菜时间太久了，她得在2:30之前回来参加一个电话会议，所以答案为A项。其他选项在对话中都没有相关信息，故均排除。

2023-12-01-11.—女六第二句—原词复现三个“his wife … cook”

11. A. She doesn’t deem homemade soup tasty.
    B. She doesn’t think his wife cooks well.
    C. She feels Jeremy would rather dine out.
    D. She has found the soup smells terrible.

11.Why does the woman say Jeremy should throw his soup in the bin? 
为什么女士说杰里米应该把他的汤扔进垃圾桶?
A. 她认为家里煮的汤不好喝。                 
B. 她觉得他妻子做饭不好吃。  
C. 她觉得杰里米更愿意外出吃饭。         
D. 她发现汤的味道很难闻。

在对话结尾部分，男士提到杰里米的妻子给杰里米煮了汤，女士接着说道，杰里米的妻子的厨艺太糟糕了，他应该把汤扔进垃圾桶，也就是说，她认为杰里米的妻子做饭不好吃，所以答案为B项 。

A 项的“家里煮的汤(homemade soup)” 是相对于外面餐厅的汤而言的，并不是特指杰里米的妻子做的汤，所以A 项错误，故排除。

C 、D 两项在对话中找不到相关信息，故均排除。

Questions 12 to 15 are based on the conversation you have just heard.

【听力原文】

W一：Hi,there.How are you today?[12]Do you have a reservation with us already?

M一：Good afternoon.[12] Yes,we reserved our rooms yesterday morning on your website for three nights.The name’s Patterson.

W二：Okay.Let me have a look.Yes,we have it here.You brought the whole family with you,I see.

M二：Yes,the two kids,my wife and I,and her parents too

W三：Great.So we have a family room for you and your wife and the kids,and another double room for your parents- in-law.They are right next to each other on the ground floor,since you mentioned in your message that they have trouble with stairs.

M三：That’s wonderful.[13] My father-in-law has had terrible problems getting up and down stairs since his knee operation last April.

W四：I’m sorry to hear that.And if you need any help to find transportation for the whole family,we can definitely recommend someone for you.

M四：We were thinking of renting a car,but we will explore all the options available for sure.[14] So,yes,that would be very helpful in comparing prices.We’re also wondering what tours and day trips are available

W五：We have bunches of brochures here.[15]I would recommend getting out on a boat trip.The kids will love it and there are so many islands nearby to explore.There’s also a great night market further into town that has all kinds of food and cool little shops selling souvenirs and local jewelry and clothing made by hand.

M五：That all sounds marvelous.

W六：[12] Now,all I need is to photocopy your passports and then I can get you all checked in and show you to your rooms.

2023-12-01-12.—无原词复现

12. A. A landlady.
    B. A waitress.
    C. A receptionist.
    D. A saleswoman.

12.Who is the  man talking to in the  conversation?
对话中的男士在和谁说话?
A.  房东太太。                               
B.  女服务员。 
C.  接待员。                              
D.  女售货员。

在对话开头，女士向男士打过招呼后，询问他是否已经预订，男士回答说他们前一天早上在网站上预订了 三晚的房间，由此可以推测，女士是酒店的前台接待员，所以答案为C项。对话结尾处女士提出需要复印 男士及其家人的护照并为他们办理入住，这一信息也可佐证女士是酒店前台接待员。

2023-12-01-13.—男三第二句—原词复现五个“getting up and down stairs”

13. A. He was involved in a terrible car accident last April.
    B. He has much difficulty getting up and down stairs.
    C. He is expected to undergo a knee operation.
    D. He prefers to stay next door to the children.

13.What do we learn about the man's father-in-law from the conversation?
从对话中，我们了解到男士的岳父的什么信息?
A. 去年四月，他遭遇了一场严重的车祸。    
B. 他上下楼梯非常困难。
C. 预计他要做膝关节手术。                   
D. 他喜欢住在孩子们的隔壁。

在对话中，男士提到自己的岳父在去年四月做了膝关节手术后，上下楼梯就成了大问题，所以答案是B 项。据此信息，可以直接排除C项；对话中并未提及男士的岳父去年四月是否遭遇严重车祸，故排除A 项；对话中，女士根据男士留言提到的岳父母爬楼梯不方便的情况，为男士及其家人安排了一楼相邻的两个房间，所以并非男士的岳父喜欢住在孩子们的隔壁，故排除D 项。

2023-12-01-14.—男四第二句—原词复现两个“comparing prices”

14. A. To please his parents-in-law.
    B. To find the best trip for his kids.
    C. To satisfy his curiosity.
    D. To compare prices.

14.Why does the man say they will explore all the options available?
为什么男士说他们会探索所有的可选方案?
A. 为了取悦其岳父母。                    
B. 为了给孩子们找到最好的旅行。  
C. 为了满足他的好奇心。         
D. 为了比价。

在对话中，女士提到如果男士需要他们帮忙安排交通出行，她可以推荐，对此男士说他们本来一直考虑租车，但是肯定愿意探索所有的可选方案，因为这样有助于比价，所以答案是D 项。

2023-12-01-15.—女五第二句—原词复现四个“on a boat trip”

15. A. Visit a local art gallery.
    B. Go on a boat trip.
    C. Take some photos of the islands.
    D. Try her hand-made clothing.

15.What does the woman suggest the man and his family do close to the end of the conversation?
在对话即将结束时，女士建议男士及其家人做什么?
A. 参观一家当地的美术馆。                 
B. 乘船出游。          
C. 拍一些岛屿的照片。                  
D. 试穿她手工制作的服装。

在对话中，男士向女士咨询有哪些旅行项目和一日游项目，女士建议男士一家人乘船出游，然后解释说 孩子们会喜欢乘船游览，而且男士一家还可以去探索岛屿，逛夜市，所以答案为B项。女士介绍乘船出游 时，提到男士一家可以探索附近的很多岛屿，C 选项的“拍照片”与此信息不一致，故排除；女士还提到男士一家可以逛一个夜市，那里有出售纪念品、当地手工制作的珠宝和服装的小店，D 选项“试穿她手工制作的服装”与此信息不一致，故排除；A 选项在对话中没有相关信息，故也排除。

Section C

Directions: In this section, you will hear three passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear three or four questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A, B, C and D. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.

Questions 16 to 18 are based on the passage you have just heard.

【听力原文】

  [16] Artificial intelligence agents play ever more influential roles in our lives.They do everything from suggesting new friends to recommending purchases.They’re even beginning to drive our cars.Another role that they are expected to take over is negotiating on our behalf in commercial transactions or legal disputes.[17] So,it’s important to know whether using an artificial intelligence agent might affect how we negotiate.Research indicates that it does.In a new study,participants were told to imagine that they were negotiating for something important to them,like a house.Next, they were told either that they would negotiate for themselves,or they would program an artificial intelligence agent to negotiate for them.Participants then completed a survey indicating how tough,deceptive and pleasant or otherwise they wanted to be,or wanted their agent to be,in the negotiations.For example,participants could choose to be tough by making an opening demand far greater than what they’d be willing to accept.They could also choose to express sympathy with their opponent to appear pleasant.But they could also indicate that they—or their agent—would strategically express anger toward the opponent to gain advantage,or they could opt to convey dissatisfaction with the encounter so that the other party would think they were losing interest.These are both examples of deceptive strategies.[18] Participants were more willing to employ deceptive strategies when assigned an agent to negotiate on their behalf.

2023-12-01-16.

16. A. They are more intelligent than many of us.
    C. They have begun to affect our social behavior.
    B. They have already become our new friends.
    D. They play increasingly more important roles.

16.What does the passage say about artificial intelligence agents?
关于人工智能代理，这篇文章说了什么?
A.  它们比我们中的许多人都聪明。
B.  它们已经成为我们的新朋友了。
C.  它们已经开始影响我们的社交行为。
D.  它们发挥着越来越重要的作用。

文章开头提到，人工智能代理在我们的生活中扮演着比以往任何时候都更有影响力的角色。由此可知，人工智能代理发挥着越来越重要的作用。选项D 与文章内容一致，因此为正确答案。文章中提到，人工智能代理会为我们推荐新朋友，并不是说人工智能代理已经成为我们的新朋友了，故排除选项B。选项A 和C 文章中均未提及，故排除。

2023-12-01-17.

17. A. Whether it might have any effect on the way we negotiate.
    B. Whether it might actually outperform human negotiators.
    C. Whether it can facilitate business transactions.
    D. Whether it can speed up legal procedures.

17.What does the new study want to find out about using an artificial inteligence agent? 
关于使用人工智能代理，这项新研究想要发现什么?
A. 它是否可能对我们的谈判方式产生任何影响。 
B. 它是否真的可能胜过人类谈判者。  
C. 它是否能为商业交易提供便利。         
D. 它是否可以加快法律程序。

文章中提到，了解使用人工智能代理是否会影响我们的谈判方式是很重要的。接下来详细介绍了这项新研究的发现。选项A与文章内容一致，因此为正确答案。选项B、C和D文章中均未提及，故排除。

2023-12-01-18.

18. A. Choose to be tough.
    B. Sympathize with their opponent.
    C. Use deceptive strategies.
    D. Appear to be pleasant.

18. What did participants tend to do when assigned an AI agent to negotiate on their behalf? 
当参与者被指派一名人工智能代理代表他们进行谈判时，他们倾向于做什么?
A. 选择强硬。                             
B. 同情他们的对手。         
C. 使用迷惑性策略。          
D. 显得友善。

文章最后提到，当被指派代理人代表他们进行谈判时，参与者更愿意采用迷惑性策略。选项C与文章内容一致，因此为正确答案。选项A、B和D均为根据文章内容设置的干扰项，故排除。

Questions 19 to 21 are based on the passage you have just heard.

【听力原文】

  New research has studied the effects of a seven-week healthy cooking course.Academics measured the program’s effect on cooking confidence and self-perceived mental health.Researchers also measured participants’overall satisfaction around cooking and diet-related behaviors.
  What were the findings?Course participants saw significant improvements in general health.They also reported improved mental health and subjective vitality immediately after the program.[19] These benefits remained six months after the completion of the course.
  What caused these improvements?Researchers have previously found a link between eating more fruits and vegetables,and improved longer term mental health.This would imply that the participants in the current study may have felt better due to improved diet.
  However,the study showed participants’mental health improved even if their reported diet did not change after completing the program.Also,the mental health benefits were equal among participants who were overweight or obese, and those in a healthy weight range.[20] This suggests a link between cooking confidence and satisfaction around cooking,and mental health benefits.
  [21] Who benefits most from learning to cook?Gender plays a part.At the start of the program,77 per cent of female participants were confident about cooking,but just 23 per cent of males were confident.At the end of the program,cooking confidence and skill were equal across both counterparts.This change in confidence could lead to a gender balance in home cooking.This in turn could reduce consumption of unhealthy,high-calorie processed meals.

2023-12-01-19.

19. A. They were perceived differently by some academics.
    B. They still existed six months after the course ended.
    C. They varied greatly among the course participants.
    D. They were only measurable within seven weeks.

19.What do we learn about the benefits the participants gained from the healthy cooking course? 
关于参与者从健康烹饪课程中获得的好处，我们了解到什么?
A.  一些学者对它们的看法不同。             
B.  课程结束六个月后，它们仍然存在。  
C.  它们在课程参与者之间的差异很大。     
D.  它们只能在七周内测量出来。

文章中提到，这些好处在课程结束后六个月仍然存在。选项B与文章内容一致，因此为正确答案。文章中未提及其余三项，故排除。

2023-12-01-20.

20. A. They can be easily seen among participants in a healthy weight range.
    B. They should be attributed to participants’ change in diet behaviors.
    C. They are linked to cooking confidence and cooking satisfaction.
    D. They actually result from eating more fruits and vegetables.

20.What do the new research findings suggest about mental health benefits?
关于心理健康的益处，新的研究结果表明了什么?
A. 在健康体重范围内的参与者身上可以很容易看到它们。
B. 它们应该归因于参与者饮食行为的变化。 
C. 它们与烹饪信心和烹饪满意度有关。      
D. 它们实际上是因为吃了更多的水果和蔬菜。  

文章中提到，在超重或肥胖的参与者和健康体重范围内的参与者中，心理健康方面的益处是相同的，这表明烹饪自信、烹饪满意度和心理健康益处之间存在联系。选项C与文章内容一致，因此为正确答案。即使参与者报告的饮食在完成该课程后没有改变，但是他们的心理健康状况也有所改善，故排除选项B。研究人员此前发现，多吃水果和蔬菜与改善长期心理健康之间存在联系，不过这是此前的研究发现，故排除选项D。选项A文章中未提及，故排除。

2023-12-01-21.

21. A. Gender.
    B. Confidence.
    C. Health.
    D. Practice.

21.What plays a role in determining who benefits most from learning to cook?
什么因素决定了谁从学习烹饪中获益最多?
A.  性别。                                 
B.  信心。   
C.  健康。                              
D.  实践。

文章中提到，谁从学习烹饪中获益最多呢?性别起了一定的作用。选项A与文章内容一致，因此为正确答案。选项B和C是根据文章中出现的cooking confidence和mentalhealth设置的干扰项，D项文章中未提及故均排除。

Questions 22 to 25 are based on the passage you have just heard.

【听力原文】
  [22] What is personal space?We often think of it as an invisible bubble of space surrounding us that others can’t enter,without causing discomfort.Research shows,however,that we actually have bubbles of different sizes.Each of these bubbles applies to a different set of people.
  The smallest zone,called “intimate space”,extends outward from our bodies 18 inches in every direction. Only family,pets and one’s closest friends may enter it.[23]A mere acquaintance entering our intimate space makes us uncomfortable.Next is the bubble called"personal space",extending from 1.5 feet to 4 feet away.Friends and acquaintances can comfortably occupy this zone,especially during informal conversations,but strangers are forbidden. [24] Extending from 4 to 12 feet away from us is"social space".Here people feel comfortable conducting routine social interactions with new acquaintances or total strangers.
  Those are the average sizes of American’s personal bubbles,anyway.It is important to keep in mind that personal space varies depending on culture and context.Furthermore,there are significant individual differences.As we all know,cultural or individual differences in personal bubble diameters are all too often the cause of discomfort.How did these personal bubbles arise?According to research,we begin to develop our individual sense of personal space around age 3 or 4.[25] The sizes of our bubbles are fixed by our teens.These bubbles are constructed and monitored by the brain region involved in fear.

2023-12-01-22.

22. A. It keeps others away.
    B. It causes discomfort.
    C. It remains visible.
    D. It varies in size.

22.What does research show about our personal space?
关于我们的个人空间，研究表明了什么?
A.  它让其他人远离。                       
B.  它会引起不适。
C.  它仍然可见。                         
D.  它的大小各不相同。

文章开头提到，我们通常认为个人空间是我们周围的一个无形的空间泡泡，其他人无法进入，也不会引起不适，然而，研究表明，我们实际上有不同大小的泡泡。选项D与文章内容一致，因此为正确答案。

2023-12-01-23.

23. A. It makes us feel uncomfortable.
    B. It renders the acquaintance a stranger.
    C. It brings the acquaintance closer to us.
    D. It causes the bubble around us to vanish.

23.What happens if a mere acquaintance enters our intimate space?
如果仅仅是相识之人进入我们的亲密空间，会发生什么?
A. 这让我们感到不舒服。
B. 它使相识之人变成了陌生人。
C. 它拉近了熟人与我们的距离。
D. 它导致我们周围的泡泡消失。

文章中提到，最小的区域，被称为“亲密空间”，从我们的身体向外各个方向延伸18英寸。只有家人、宠物和最亲密的朋友才能进入。仅仅是相识之人进入我们的亲密空间会让我们感到不舒服。选项A与文章内容一致，因此为正确答案。

2023-12-01-24.

24. A. In personal space.
    B. In social space.
    C. Within a distance of 18 inches.
    D. Over 2 feet away from one another.

24.Where do people feel comfortable interacting with new acquaintances or strangers? 
人们在哪里与新认识的人或陌生人互动会感到舒适?
A.  在个人空间。                           
B.  在社交空间。  
C.  在18英寸的距离内。                         
D.  彼此相距超过2英尺。

文章中提到，4到12英尺的距离是“社交空间”，在这里，人们与新认识的人或完全陌生的人进行日常社交活动，会感到自在。选项B 与文章内容一致，因此为正确答案。

2023-12-01-25.

25. A. When we begin to feel fear.
    B. When we develop a sense of space.
    C. When we are 3 or 4 years old.
    D. When we enter our teens.

25.When are the sizes of our bubbles fixed?
我们泡泡的大小是在什么时候固定下来的?
A. 当我们开始感到恐惧的时候。
B. 当我们培养出一种空间意识。
C. 当我们三四岁的时候。
D. 当我们进入青少年时期。

文章最后提到，我们泡泡的大小是在青少年时期固定的。选项D与文章内容一致，因此为正确答案。根据研究，我们在3岁或4岁左右开始发展个人空间意识，因此排除选项B和C。选项A文章中未提及，故排除。

Part III Reading Comprehension (40 minutes)

Section A

Directions: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.
  Exercising for just 10 minutes a week is linked to a longer life, according to a new study published in The British Journal of Sports Medicine.
  Several recent studies have found that even low-intensity exercise, done for a short amount of time, can have a meaningful 26 on health. Still, the idea that exercising for just 10 minutes a week may be enough to increase your lifespan is novel. It’s also somewhat 27 , since the federal physical activity guidelines recommend getting at least 75 minutes of vigorous exercise or 150 minutes of 28 exercise each week.
  The study was based on data from more than 88,000 U.S. adults who 29 in the National Health Interview Survey between 1997 and 2008.
  Contrary to some research that has found an 30 limit to the amount of exercise that is healthy, the researchers found that there was 31 no limit to the longevity (长寿) benefits of exercise. Even the small group of people who got 10 times the amount of exercise recommended by the federal government had a 46% lower 32 of death than the least active group.
  Still, observational studies like this one cannot prove cause and effect; they can only find 33 . The researchers also were not able to 34 for certain lifestyle factors that could affect lifespan, including dietary habits and changes in physical activity over time. Despite these 35 , the study’s results are yet another indication of the power of physical activity, even in small amounts.

A. adjust
B. alter
C. approximately
D. controversial
E. coordinates
F. impact
G. limitations
H. moderate
I. participated
J. patterns
K. populated
L. risk
M. seemingly
N. type
O. upper

Section B

Directions: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one ofthe paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.

How Climate Change Will Affect What You Eat

A. Earlier this year, scientists warned that one in six animal species could go extinct (灭绝的) due to climate change. Could the same thing happen to our crops and other foodstuffs too?

B. It’s clear that farmers in many parts of the world are going to find things harder in the coming decades.Last week, BBC Future explored one scientist’s efforts to help crops cope with the increased probability of droughts. By using the genes from resurrection (复活) plants, Jill Farrant of the University of Cape Town is exploring whether she can design crops to survive for much longer periods without water.

C. But if we can’t find ways to protect other foods, will they survive climate change? Fortunately, there is some good news on this front. Despite alarmist headlines about “foods that are going extinct,” there is no evidence that major food types like beans, chocolate, wine, corn or wheat will cease to exist.

D. But that doesn’t mean it’s all good news for future food. We will probably have to change where we grow certain crops, as some regions get too hot. The disadvantage, obviously, is that local farmers will suffer under this situation. And some people may struggle to get the same access to certain foods. “Even if overall food production may be unaffected, food security can still be impacted,” says Margaret Walsh, a scientist at the U.S. Department of Agriculture’s Climate Change Program Office. In other words, even if a certain food is still grown on some corner of the Earth, it doesn’t mean that everyone will continue to have the same degree of access as today.

E. Overall, the yields of many foods, from staples to life-enhancing extras such as coffee and chocolate, will likely be impacted by climate change too. How those decreases will be felt will depend on the degree of warming and the crop in question, but in general, “anything over about 30°C is very bad for crops,” says Wolfram Schlenker, an associate professor of international and public affairs at Columbia University. For example, statistical studies that he and a colleague built of corn and soybean (大豆) production in the U.S. show a steep decline after crossing the 30°C temperature threshold (临界点).

F. In the U.S. — the world’s largest producer of corn and soybeans — farms can move north to some degree,Schlenker says. But eventually, yields will likely suffer because the soil north of Iowa declines in quality — a legacy of glacial (冰川的) expansion. Other studies, including studies of wheat in India and corn in Africa, also found that there is a threshold above which yields sharply decline: crops can adapt and move, but only to a point. “What’s common to all studies is the finding that extreme heat is damaging to crop growth, although exact cutoffs vary by crop,” Schlenker says. “If predictions for the end of the century are true, though, I think a lot of agricultural areas in the U.S. will see significant hits.”

G. Under current conditions, about 4% of the world’s croplands experience drought in any given year, but by the end of the century those conditions are forecasted to jump to about 18% per year. Some studies indicate that horticulture crops — generally, everything besides staples — may be impacted most severely, largely because they tend to be confined to a smaller geographic area. Researcher Andrew Jarvis and his colleagues found that 80% of coffee-growing zones in Central America and Brazil could become unsuitable by 2050, for example, while climate change will likely have “great impacts” on cocoa (可可粉) production in West Africa. “High quality chocolate will be less available in the future, and if you want it, you’ll have to pay a lot more for it,” Jarvis says.

H. This means that, for those who can afford it, some foods will simply cost them more in the future. But for poorer people, those same price jumps will likely cause certain foods to go extinct from their diets. “The more you reduce, the shorter the supply, and the higher the price will jump,” Schlenker says.

I. Another potential climate change-induced problem is our dependence on commodity crops — wheat,soybeans, corn and rice — which currently provide humanity with 75% of its calories, either directly or indirectly through the animals we raise on those crops. Jarvis and his colleagues also found that, over the past five decades, the world has seen an increasing standardisation of diets; the foods we eat globally today are 36% more similar than they were in 1961. While this can be good news for the world’s poorest people who now consume more calories, protein and fat than in the past, homogeneity (同一性) and over- dependence on a handful of staples leaves us vulnerable to threats such as drought, disease and pests — all of which are predicted to worsen in many parts of the world as a result of climate change.

J. There are ways we could soften the coming blow to the global food supply, however. Like Farrant’s work with resurrection crops, a number of companies, organisations and researchers are aiming to create drought- and temperature-resistant crops through genetic engineering and conventional breeding. For now, the jury is still out as to how successful those endeavours will be. “The people at Monsanto who I’ve talked to are much more optimistic that they’ll be able to engineer heat-tolerant crops,” Schlenker says. “On the other hand, scientists at the USDA who I’ve spoken with are much more cautious.”

K. Until genetic engineering comes to fruition, other strategies might also help in some places, including applying more fertiliser, implementing better irrigation, using machinery that gets crops out of the field faster or installing storage facilities to delay spoilage. “Many places could benefit a great deal just by using technologies that already exist,” Walsh says. “General farm management can go a long way toward easing changes.”

L. Finally, diversifying our diet away from heat-sensitive wheat, corn, rice and other crops could also help.“We’ve seen profound changes in the last decades in what we eat largely as a result of international trade, and I think that trend toward more diversification will continue,” Jarvis says. “Depending on a greater number of plant species creates a more vigorous and less risky food system — and one that provides a broader range of nutritional requirements.”

36. One consequence of climate change is that some people may not have adequate access to certain foods.
37. People around the world are eating foods more similar than what they used to eat.
38. A recent news report talked about scientific efforts to help crops survive droughts through genetic engineering.
39. It is predicted that climate change will affect the availability and price of quality chocolate.
40. People wonder if certain crops and foodstuffs could disappear like some animal species due to climate change.
41. Although farms in the U.S. can move a bit northward, crop yields may decrease.
42. One possible solution to the food security problem is diversification of diet.
43. It remains unsettled whether the global food supply problem can be solved by creating heat-tolerant crops through genetic engineering.
44. Poor people may have to give up eating certain foods because of their high prices.
45. A number of existing farming technologies could be used to reduce the negative effect of climate change on food production.

Section C

Directions: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A. , B. , C. and D. . You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.

Passage One

Questions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.

  One of my bad habits is saying “busy” when people ask me how I’m doing. Sometimes it’s because I actually am busy, but other times it’s because that’s what I think I’m supposed to say. That’s what important people say. That’s what people who get promoted say. But working long hours doesn’t drive better results. Never taking a vacation won’t lead to a promotion. So why are we so proud to talk about how busy we are all the time?
  In 2016, researchers from Columbia, Harvard, and Georgetown conducted a study to figure it out. They found busy people are perceived to be of high status, and interestingly, these status attributions are heavily influenced by our own beliefs about social mobility. In other words, the more we believe that one has the opportunity for success based on hard work, the more we tend to think that people who skip leisure and work all the time are of higher standing.
  That’s why we feel like we have to appear busy, and there’s a real perception that if someone is knee- deep in meetings, emails and stress, then they’re probably a big deal. This culture of busyness is making it hard for employees to find work-life balance. According to a recent study, one in five highly engaged employees are at risk of burnout (精疲力竭).
  Personally, I’m going to stop saying “busy” when people ask me how I am. It sounds self-righteous (自以为是的) and sets the wrong tone. Phrases like “I have limited access to email” and “I’ll respond as soon as I get back” sound like you’re being held against your will from working as opposed to making the most of your time off.
  That’s why we recently launched the Out of Office Email Generator, a free tool you can use before your next long weekend or trip. You can share loud and proud that you won’t be checking email until you’re back. Managers need to think twice about emailing their teams on the weekend and talking about how busy they are. Leaders should take time off themselves and encourage employees to do the same.

2023-12-01-46.推理判断题—难—需要由第一段整段意思，推出选项A，follow效仿的意思

46. What is a reason for the author to be in the habit of saying “busy” when asked how he is doing?【原文：One of my bad habits is saying “busy” when people ask me how I’m doing.Sometimes it’s because I actually am busy, but other times it’s because that’s what I think I’m supposed to say. That’s what important people say. That’s what people who get promoted say. But working long hours doesn’t drive better results. Never taking a vacation won’t lead to a promotion. So why are we so proud to talk about how busy we are all the time?】
    A. He just follows successful people’s example.
    B. He is actually proud to be fully occupied.
    C. He thinks everyone should be devoted to work.
    D. He believes busyness ensures accomplishments.

46. 当被问到过得怎么样时，作者习惯于说“忙”的原因是什么?
A.  他只是效仿成功人士的例子。              
B.  他确实为自己很忙而感到自豪。 
C.  他认为每个人都应该全身心地投入到工作中。           
D.  他认为忙碌可以确保一个人取得成就。

根据题干关键词saying "busy"when asked how he is doing可以将答案定位到第一段。

第一段第一句指出，当被问到最近怎么样时，作者都会回答说“忙”。接下来的几句话给出了原因，有时是因为作者真的很忙，但有时是因为作者觉得应该这么回答。重要人物都是这么回答的。那些升职的人也是这么回答的。由此可知，作者习惯于回答“忙”是因为成功人士都是这样回答的，他是在效仿他们，故本题选A 。

其他三项的内容都不是作者给出的原因，均排除。

2023-12-01-47.—细节辨认题—难—有强干扰项A，出现多个关键词，容易被误解为同义替换，但是选项A少了正确的宾语our own beliefs

47. Why do we tend to think that busy people are of high status?【原文：They found busy people are perceived to be of high status, and interestingly, these status attributions are heavily influenced by our own beliefs about social mobility. In other words, the more we believe that one has the opportunity for success based on hard work, the more we tend to think that people who skip leisure and work all the time are of higher standing.】
    A. Our status can be attributed to our social mobility.
    B. We hold the belief that hard work leads to success.
    C. Our own opportunity for success never comes easily.
    D. We find few people of high status have time for leisure.

47. 为什么我们倾向于认为忙碌的人地位高?
A.  我们的地位可以归因于我们的社会流动性。 
B.  我们相信努力工作会带来成功。 
C.  我们成功的机会来之不易。          
D.  我们发现地位高的人很少有休闲时间。 

根据题干关键词busy people are of high status可以将答案定位到第二段。

第二段第二、三句指出，人们认为忙碌的人地位高，我们越是相信一个人有机会通过努力工作获得成功，我们就越倾向于认为那些不休息、一直工作的人地位更高。由此可知，因为我们相信努力工作能让我们获得成功，所以我们认为工作忙碌的人地位更高，故本题选B。

选项A 比较容易误选，虽然原文也出现了 social mobility，但是文章中的意思是，我们地位的高低受到我们自己对社会流动的看法的影响，并不是说地位归因于社会流动性。在原文中attribution是“归属”的意思，status attributions是“地位归属，地位高低”的意思。

选项C和D与原文不符，均排除。

2023-12-01-48.—难—三个选项都有干扰项，emo了—其实也可以通过“at risk of burnout (精疲力竭)”推出“harm”

48. What do we learn about the culture of busyness from a recent study?【原文：That’s why we feel like we have to appear busy, and there’s a real perception that if someone is knee- deep in meetings, emails and stress, then they’re probably a big deal. This culture of busyness is making it hard for employees to find work-life balance. According to a recent study, one in five highly engaged employees are at risk of burnout (精疲力竭).】
    A. It places employees in endless meetings, emails and stress.
    B. It compels some 20% of employees to appear always busy.
    C. It distorts many employees’ belief of what a satisfying life is.
    D. It does much harm to many busy employees’ well-being.

48. 关于忙碌的文化，我们从最近的一项研究中得知了什么?
A.  它让员工陷入无休止的会议、电子邮件和压力之中。
B.  它迫使大约20%的员工看上去总是很忙。
C.  它扭曲了许多员工对什么是令人满意的生活的信念。
D.  它对许多忙碌的员工的健康造成了很大伤害。

根据题干关键词the culture of busyness和a recent study可以将答案定位到第三段第二、三句。

第三段第二句和第三句指出，这种忙碌的文化使得员工很难找到工作与生活之间的平衡。根据最近的一项研究，每五名高度投入工作的员工，就有一人处在精疲力竭的风险当中。由此可见，高强度的工作会让员工过于疲惫，有精疲力竭的风险，即对他们的健康伤害很大，故本题选D。

其他三个选项虽然有部分原文词汇，但是表达的意思与原文不符，均排除。

2023-12-01-49.—难—同义替换“aginst…working”替换为“stop working”，容易误选A，出现关键字“email”，但是其实它不是关键字

49. What do such utterances as “I have limited access to email” sound like according to the author?【原文：Personally, I’m going to stop saying “busy” when people ask me how I am. It sounds self-righteous (自以为是的) and sets the wrong tone. Phrases like “I have limited access to email” and “I’ll respond as soon as I get back” sound like you’re being held against your will from working as opposed to making the most of your time off.】
    A. One is too busy to check all emails in time.
    B. One is opposed to the prevailing work culture.
    C. One is forced by circumstances to stop working.
    D. One is simply enjoying their time off work.

49. 根据作者的说法，诸如“我不方便查阅电子邮件”这样的表达听起来像什么?
A. 一个人太忙了，无法及时查看所有的电子邮件。
B.  一个人反对主流的工作文化。
C. 一个人因情况所迫而不得不停止工作。                
D.  一个人只是在享受他们不工作的时间。

根据题干关键词I have limited accesstoemail可以将答案定位到倒数第二段最后一句。

倒数第二段最后一句指出，像“我不方便查阅电子邮件”和“我一回来就回复”这样的表达，听起来就像是你不得不停止工作了，而不是你想充分利用自己的休息时间。也就是说，这样的说法听起来就像是一个人希望继续工作，但是因为某种原因而不得不暂停工作，故本题选C。

选项D与原文的意思相反，原文是说这样的表达听起来就像是你不得不停止工作了，而不是享受自己不工作的时间。

选项A和B原文未提及，均排除。

2023-12-01-50.—难—容易误选A—关键句离定位句太远了，还有推理出选项B

50. Why did the author and his colleagues launch the Out of Office Email Generator?【原文：That’s why we recently launched the Out of Office Email Generator, a free tool you can use before your next long weekend or trip. You can share loud and proud that you won’t be checking email until you’re back. Managers need to think twice about emailing their teams on the weekend and talking about how busy they are. Leaders should take time off themselves and encourage employees to do the same.】
    A. To enable busy employees to spend less time checking emails.
    B. To ensure employees as well as employers truly have time off.
    C. To stop managers from talking about how busy their teams usually are.
    D. To encourage both employers and employees to answer emails promptly.

50.为什么作者和他的同事们要推出“外出电子邮件生成器”?
A. 为了让忙碌的员工减少查看电子邮件的时间。  
B. 为了确保员工和雇主都真正有休假的时间。   
C.  为了让经理们不再谈论他们的团队通常有多忙。
D.  为了鼓励雇主和员工及时回复电子邮件。

根据题干关键词launch the Out of Office Email Generator可以将答案定位到最后一段。

最后一段前两句指出，这就是为什么我们最近推出了“外出电子邮件生成器”。你可以大声而又自豪地分享，在你回来之前，你不会查看电子邮件。接着继续建议经理们尽量不要在周末给团队发电子邮件，或者谈论他们有多忙。建议领导们抽出时间休假，并鼓励员工也这样做。由此可见，作者和他的同事们推出这个“外出电子邮件生成器”是为了确保大家真正有休假时间，而不是休假的时候还要想着处理邮件等事情，故本题选B。

选项A和D原文均未提及，属于按常识或者逻辑杜撰的选项，均排除。

选项C与原文不符，虽然原文提到经理们在周末谈论他们有多忙之前需要再三考虑，但是推出这一工具并不是为了阻止经理们谈论其团队有多忙，故排除。

Passage Two

Questions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.

  Female employees consistently pay lower airfares than men do for the same flights because they tend to book earlier.
  We compared the airfare paid by employees in the same position within a company for the same class of travel and used a common statistical technique to account for other factors that might affect differences in airfares. We found that women paid on average $18 less per ticket than their male colleagues. Further investigation allowed us to conclude that this gap is largely explained by the fact that women tended to book earlier than men, 1.8 days on average.
  We wanted to determine what was causing these gender differences in booking business trips so we tested a variety of possible explanations, such as women choosing to plan ahead or male frequent travelers being inclined to book late. None of these explained away the gender gap, so we applied data collected from surveys that express consumer preferences that play a central role in economic decisions, such as patience and risk avoidance.
  We found that only the concept of “negative reciprocity” — in which an employee who feels unfairly treated engages in negative behaviors, such as spending their company’s money less carefully — explains these differences. The surveys showed men tend to exhibit more of these negative behaviors than women. This isn’t to say that all men engage in these behaviors — or that booking relatively late is a sign of abnormal behavior. It only means that the gender gap disappears when we plug in the negative reciprocity variable.
  Prior research on negative reciprocity among workers found that it can result in lower employee motivation, business performance and workplace morale (士气) and culture.
  Our results show another way these negative behaviors can manifest themselves, like in airline bookings, and add to evidence that women are less likely to engage in them.
  Companies spend significant sums of money on business travel. While that $18 difference per ticket may seem small, it adds up. Our analysis suggests early booking by women can translate into savings of $1 million a year for a large multinational company with 20,000 regular travelers.

2023-12-01-51.—难—细节辨认题—答案离定位句有点远，但是同义替换简单，找到就可以替换啦。

51. What did the author’s team conclude about the gender difference in airfares from their further investigation?【原文：We compared the airfare paid by employees in the same position within a company for the same class of travel and used a common statistical technique to account for other factors that might affect differences in airfares. We found that women paid on average $18 less per ticket than their male colleagues. Further investigation allowed us to conclude that this gap is largely explained by the fact that women tended to book earlier than men, 1.8 days on average.】
    A. It is largely attributed to women booking earlier than men.
    B. It is largely explained by women’s choosing cheaper flights.
    C. It is mainly accounted for by male employees’ readiness to pay more.
    D. It is due to the fact that women care more about their company’s money.

51. 通过进一步调查，作者的团队对机票价格的性别差异得出了什么结论?
A.  这主要归因于女性比男性更早预订。
B.  主要原因是女性选择了更便宜的航班。
C.  这主要是由于男性员工愿意付更多钱。
D.  这是因为女性更在乎公司的钱。

根据题干关键词author’s team conclude和from their further investigation可以将答案定位到第二段最后一句。

第二段最后一句指出，通过进一步调查，我们得出结论：造成这种差距的主要原因是女性住往比男性更年提到男员工更不在乎公司的钱，但并不是作者团队通过调查得出的结论，故排除D。

新闻开头提到，我们与自己的朋友非常相似。紧接着说了原因：这可能是因为我们与朋友的大脑运作协调一致，故A项为正确答案。新闻中提到，朋友之间更可能在年龄、性别和种族背景方面相似，但新闻并未提到这就是我们与朋友相似的原因，故排除B项和D项。C项新闻并未提及，可排除。

2023-12-01-52.—难—细节辨认题—gender differences替换为gender gap。

52. What did the researchers want to determine by testing a variety of possible explanations?【原文：We wanted to determine what was causing these gender differences in booking business trips so we tested a variety of possible explanations, such as women choosing to plan ahead or male frequent travelers being inclined to book late. None of these explained away the gender gap, so we applied data collected from surveys that express consumer preferences that play a central role in economic decisions, such as patience and risk avoidance.】
    A. What made male frequent travelers book air tickets late.
    B. What caused women to plan ahead in booking business trips. 【such as只是举例而已，排除为正确选项】
    C. What motivated women to book cheaper flights.
    D. What accounted for the gender gap in airfares.【但是答案关键字是gender gap也是想不到】

52.研究人员想通过测试各种可能的解释来确定什么?
A.  是什么让经常出差的男性旅客较晚预订机票。  
B.  是什么让女性提前计划预订商务行程。 
C.  是什么促使女性预订更便宜的航班。 
D.  是什么造成了机票价格的性别差距。 

根据题干关键词testing a variety of possible explanations可以将答案定位到第三段第一句。

第三段第一句指出，我们想确定是什么造成了在预订商务行程方面的这些性别差异，所以我们测试了各种 可能的解释，例如女性选择提前计划或者经常出差的男性倾向于较晚预订机票。由此可知，研究人员想确 定是什么造成了机票价格的性别差异，故选项D 正确。选项中的gender gap与原文中的gender differences是同义替换，而airfares 与booking business trips对应。

其余三个选项都与原文内容不符，均可以排除。

2023-12-01-53.—难—细节辨认题—离定位句最近和最远的关键字都不选，而是藏在选项C中disappears替换为no longer existed

53. What happened when the negative reciprocity variable was taken into account?【原文：We found that only the concept of “negative reciprocity” — in which an employee who feels unfairly treated engages in negative behaviors, such as spending their company’s money less carefully — explains these differences. The surveys showed men tend to exhibit more of these negative behaviors than women. This isn’t to say that all men engage in these behaviors — or that booking relatively late is a sign of abnormal behavior. It only means that the gender gap disappears when we plug in the negative reciprocity variable.】
    A. Both men and women were found to engage in negative behaviors
    B. Neither men nor women viewed booking late as a bad behavior.
    C. The gender difference in airfare expenses no longer existed.
    D. The gender gap tended to narrow to a significant degree.

53.如果考虑消极互惠变量，结果会怎样?
A.  人们发现，男性和女性都有负面行为。
B.  男性和女性都不认为较晚预订机票是一种不良行为。
C.  机票费用的性别差异不复存在。
D.  性别差距有显著缩小的趋势。

根据题干关键词the negative reciprocity variable was taken into account可以将答案定位到第四段最后一句。 题干中的was taken into account与原文中的plug in是同义替换。

第四段最后一句指出，这只意味着当我们插入消极互惠的变量时，性别差距就消失了。由此可知，当考虑消极互惠变量时，机票价格的性别差异就不复存在了，故选项C正确。选项中的no longer existed与原文中的disappears是同义替换。

其余三个选项原文都没有提及，均可以排除。

2023-12-01-54.—难—推理判断题—关键字出现两个都不选，选了一个没关键字的还有生词counterproductive

54. What did prior research on negative reciprocity among workers find?【原文：Prior research on negative reciprocity among workers found that it can result in lower employee motivation, business performance and workplace morale (士气) and culture.
      Our results show another way these negative behaviors can manifest themselves, like in airline bookings, and add to evidence that women are less likely to engage in them.】
    A. It can do more harm to the workplace than to employees.
    B. It contributes to the male-female divide in the workplace.
    C. It proves to be counterproductive in a number of ways.
    D. It can result in increasing labor-management conflicts.

54. 之前关于员工之间消极互惠的研究发现了什么?
A. 它对职场的危害比对员工的危害更大。      
B. 它助长了职场的男女分化。   
C. 事实证明，它在许多方面会适得其反。        
D. 它可能导致劳资冲突加剧 。

根据题干关键词prior research on negative reciprocity among workers可以将答案定位到第五段。

第五段指出，之前针对员工之间消极互惠的研究发现，它可能会导致员工的积极性下降，业务绩效降低工作场所士气和文化低落。由此可知，消极互惠在很多方面都会产生不良影响，让事情适得其反，故选项C正确。counterproductive概括了原文中提到的几种不利影响。

其余三个选项原文都没有提及，均可以排除。

2023-12-01-55.—难—推理判断题—选项关键字都有，需要回原文进行逐个排除，BD可以排除，选项A有跟原文同义替换的词“saving”和“money”优先选。

55. What does the author emphasize about their analysis in the last paragraph?【原文：Companies spend significant sums of money on business travel. While that $18 difference per ticket may seem small, it adds up. Our analysis suggests early booking by women can translate into savings of $1 million a year for a large multinational company with 20,000 regular travelers.】
    A. It can help companies increase their savings significantly.
    B. It can duly contribute to companies’ business performance.
    C. It can translate women’s booking practice into men’s behavior.
    D. It can enhance large multinational companies’ competitiveness.

55. 在最后一段中，关于他们的分析作者强调了什么?
A. 它可以帮助公司大幅提升节约额。          
B.  它可以对公司业务绩效做出应有的贡献。  
C.  它可以将女性的预订行为转化为男性的行为。  
D.  它可以增强大型跨国公司的竞争力。

根据题干关键词analysis in the last paragraph可以将答案定位到最后一段末句。

最后一段末句指出，我们的分析表明，对于一家拥有2万名需要经常出差的员工的大型跨国公司来说，女性提前预订机票每年可以为公司节省100万美元。由此可知，作者强调，他们的分析可以帮公司节省一大笔钱，故选项A正确。

选项B和C原文都没有提及，可以排除。

选项D属于过度推断，原文只是说可以帮大型跨国公司省钱，没有说可以增强其竞争力，故排除。

Part IV Translation (30 minutes)

Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into English. You should write your answer on Answer Sheet 2.
  中国政府十分重视人民的健康饮食 (diet)。通过大力提倡健康饮食，人们对合理营养增进健康的重 要性有了更加深刻的认识。“吃得安全、吃得营养、吃得健康”是人民对美好生活的基本需要，是提升人民幸福感的必然要求，也为食品产业的发展提供了新机遇。目前，各级政府都在采取多种举措确保人民饮食健康，推进健康中国的建设。