RTCA DO-178C 机载系统和设备认证中的软件注意事项-认证流程概述（十）

10.0 认证流程概述 OVERVIEW OF CERTIFICATION PROCESS

本节概述了机载系统和设备软件方面的认证过程，仅供参考。This section is an overview of the certification process with respect to software aspects of airborne systems and equipment, and is provided for information purposes only.

机载界和认证机构使用多个与飞机及其相关设备飞行批准相关的术语。 使用的术语是“认证”、“批准”，以及就工具而言的“资格”。The airborne community and certification authorities use several terms related to aircraft approval for flight with its associated equipment. The terms used are “certification”, “approval”, and, with respect to tools, “qualification”.

“认证”适用于飞机、发动机或螺旋桨； 对于某些认证机构，还有辅助动力装置。 认证机构认为该软件是安装在认证产品上的机载系统或设备的一部分； 也就是说，认证机构不会将该软件认证为独特的、独立的产品。“Certification” applies to aircraft, engines, or propellers; and, in respect of some certification authorities, auxiliary power units. The certification authorities consider the software as part of the airborne system or equipment installed on the certified product; that is, the certification authorities do not certify the software as a unique, stand-alone product.

系统和设备（包括嵌入式软件）应经过“批准”才能被接受为认证的一部分。 认证机构的批准取决于成功的演示或对软件生命周期产品的审查。 目前，任何此类批准仅在特定认证的范围内才有意义。Systems and equipment, including embedded software, should be “approved” in order to be accepted as a part of a certification. Approval by the certification authorities is given dependent upon a successful demonstration or by review of the products of the software life cycle. Any such approval currently has significance only within the context of a specific certification.

工具“资格”在第 12.2 节中讨论。Tool “qualification” is discussed in section 12.2.

10.1 认证依据 Certification Basis

认证机构与申请人协商确定拟认证产品的认证依据。 认证依据定义了特定法规以及已发布法规之外适用的任何特殊条件。The certification authority establishes the certification basis for the product to be certified in consultation with the applicant. The certification basis defines the particular regulations together with any special conditions to be applied beyond the published regulations.

认证产品发生变更时，认证机构考虑变更后对原认证基础的影响。 在某些情况下，修改后的认证依据可能不会改变原认证依据； 然而，原来的符合方式可能不适用于表明修改符合认证依据，可能需要改变。When certified products are being modified, the certification authority considers the impact the modification has on the original certification basis. In some cases, the certification basis for the modification may not change from the original certification basis; however, the original means of compliance may not be applicable for showing that the modification complies with the certification basis and may need to be changed.

10.2 认证的软件方面 Software Aspects of Certification

认证机构评估软件方面的认证计划的完整性以及与为满足认证基础而商定的合规方式的一致性。 认证机构确信申请人提出的软件级别与系统安全评估过程的输出和其他系统生命周期数据一致。 认证机构通知申请人在认证机构同意之前需要满足的拟议软件计划的问题。The certification authority assesses the Plan for Software Aspects of Certification for completeness and consistency with the means of compliance that was agreed upon to satisfy the certification basis. The certification authority satisfies itself that the software level(s) proposed by the applicant is consistent with the outputs of the system safety assessment process and other system life cycle data. The certification authority informs the applicant of issues with the proposed software plans that need to be satisfied prior to certification authority agreement.

10.3 合规性判定 Compliance Determination

在认证之前，认证机构确定待认证的产品，包括其系统或设备的软件方面是否符合认证依据。 对于软件，这是通过审查软件完成摘要和合规证据来完成的。 认证机构使用软件成就摘要作为认证软件方面的概述。Prior to certification, the certification authority determines that the product to be certified, including the software aspects of its systems or equipment, complies with the certification basis. For the software, this is accomplished by reviewing the Software Accomplishment Summary and evidence of compliance. The certification authority uses the Software Accomplishment Summary as an overview for the software aspects of certification.

认证机构可以自行审查软件生命周期过程及其在软件生命周期中的输出，如第 9.2 节中所述。The certification authority may review at its discretion the software life cycle processes and their outputs during the software life cycle, as discussed in section 9.2.